所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解指代关系）。在语境理解类题目 中，代词的指代对象、人称和数的一致性及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·代词分类与指代：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词的词义辨析及指代 致性； ·代词句法功能：各类代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分的用法规则； ·特殊代词用法：it的指代功能（形式主语/宾语、强调句）、不定代词(some/any,few/little,each/every 等)的语境差异及相互转换。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/lit/we/they -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/.us/them -例句：口She is a student.(主格作主语)口My mother loves me.(宾格作宾语) ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/their -名词性（独立使用，=形容词性物主代词+名词）：mine//yours/his/hers//its/ours/theirs -例句：口This is my book.(形容词性后接名词)口The red pen is hers.(名词性独立作表语) ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） -常见形式：m yself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves -例句：He taught himself English.(强调主语“他自己”)口Ne enjoyed ourselves at the party.(强 调主语“我们自己”) ·指示代词（指代特定的人或事物） -单数：this(近指)that(远指) -复数：these(近指)/those(远指) -例句：口This is a cat.(近指单数)口Those are my books.(远指复数) ·不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物）》 -普通不定代词：some/any/no/many/much/few/little/each/every/all/both/neither/either -复合不定代词：something/anything/.nothing/.som eone//anyone/no one/everybody/nobody -例句：☐There are some apples on the table.(some表“-些”，用于肯定句)☐Anyone can join the club.(anyone表“任何人”，用于疑问句/否定句)】 ·疑问代词（用于引导特殊疑问句，询问人或事物） -指人：who(主格)whom(宾格)whose(所有格) -指物：what/which -例句：☐Who is that girl?(询问人，主格)口What do you want??(询问事物)口Whose pen is this? (询问所属关系) 【即学即练】 1.【人称代词格辨析】Between you and一，I will never tell the secret to others. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 2.【物主代词用法】This pen is not mine.lsit_(you)? 3.【反身代词搭配】My little brother taught_(he)to swim last summer.. 4.【指示代词替代】The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than_in Harbin in summer, A.this B.that C.these D.those 5.【不定代词用法】_of the students passed the exam,so the teacher was very angry. A.None B.No one C.Someone D.Anyone 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：代词的特殊用法及易错点辨析 ·人称代词的格误用辨析 一主格与宾格的混淆场景 *常见错误：Between you and I,the answer is correct.(应为Between you and me,between为 介词，后接宾格) *正确用法：在介词后、动词后作宾语时必须用宾格；作主语时必须用主格。 *例句对比： ·She loves him.(him作宾语，用宾格) ·He and she are friends.(he/she作主语，用主格) ·物主代词的指代一致问题 一形容词性与名词性的功能差异 *关键区别：形容词性物主代词后必须接名词，名词性物主代词后不能接名词。 *例句对比： ·This is her pen.(形容词性物主代词her+名词pen) · This pen is hers.(名词性物主代词hers独立作表语，=her pen) 一双重所有格的正确表达 *结构：of+名词性物主代词/'s所有格（表示“部分”） *例句： ·A friend of mine visited me yesterday.(mine为名词性物主代词，=my friends) ·This is a photo of Tom's.(Tom's为's所有格，=Tom's photos) ·反身代词的固定搭配与误用 -必须用反身代词的动词短语 *常见搭配：enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to(自取)、teach oneself(自学)、devote oneself to(致力于) *例句： ·You should help yourself to some fruit.(不能用you,需用反身代词yourself) · She devoted herself to scientific research.(主语为she,反身代词用herself) 一不可用反身代词的场景（主语与宾语非同一人）》 *错误示例：ly mother bought myself a book.(主语mother与宾语非同一人，应为me) ·指示代词的替代用法 -this/that替代上文内容 *规则：this指代下文要讲的事，that指代上文提到的事 *例句 ·What I want to say is this:practice makes perfect.(this指代下文内容) ·He said he would come,but that was a lie.(that指代上文he would come”) -those替代复数名词避免重复 *结构：比较级中常用that/those替代前文提到的名词(that代单数，those代复数) *例句 ·The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.(that代不可数名词weather) ·The books here are more interesting than those on the shelf..(those代复数名词books) ·不定代词的主谓一致与用法限制 -some/any的场景差异 *肯定句用some,疑问句/否定句用any;但表示请求、建议的疑问句用some。 *例句： Nould you like some coffee？(建议语气，用some) ·Idon't have any brothers or sisters.(否定句，用any) -复合不定代词的定语位置与主谓一致 *定语后置：形容词修饰复合不定代词时需放在其后(something important) *主谓一致：复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 *例句： ·There is something wrong with my phone.(形容词rong后置，主语something为单数，用is) Everyone is here now.(everyone作主语，谓语用单数is) -none与no one的区别 *none可指人或物，后可接of短语；no one仅指人，不可接f短语。 *例句： ·None of the books is/are interesting.(指物，谓语可单可复) ·No one arrived on time.(指人，不可说No one of them.) ·疑问代词which与what的区别 -选择范围明确时用which,范围不明确时用what *例句对比： ·Which color do you prefer,.red or blue?(范围明确：红色或蓝色) What color is your new car??(范围不明确，任意颜色) -指人时which与who的☒别 *hich用于特定范围中的选择，who无范围限制。 *例句： Vhich student won the first prize?(特定范围：学生中) ho won the first prize?(无范围限制) 知识点三：代词的高考难点拓展及语境应用 ·不定代词的指代关系与数的一致 -部分不定代词的单复数规则 *each/every/no one/nobody/everyone/someone/anyone/anything/something/nothing *复数：both/few/many/several *单复同形：al/some/any/most/none(根据指代内容判断) *例句： ·Each of the students has a dictionary.(each表单数，谓语用has) ·Both of my parents are teachers.(both表复数，谓语用are) ·None of the water is left.(none指代不可数名词water,谓语用is) 一不定代词与定语的位置关系 *规则：形容词/不定式作定语时，需后置修饰不定代词 *例句： ·I have something important to tell you.(im portant后置修饰something) ·Is there anyone interested in the project?(interested in..后置修t饰anyone) ·关系代词与连接代词（复合句中的应用） -关系代词（引导定语从句） *指人：who/whom/that/whose *指物：which/that/whose *例句： ·The girl who is standing there is my sister..(who指代人，作主语) ·This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指代物，作宾语) 一连接代词（引导名词性从句） *常见：what/who/whom/whose/which/whoever/whatever *例句： ·What he said surprised everyone.(what引导主语从句，=the thing that) ·Idon't know whose pen this is.(whose引导宾语从句，表“谁的") ·代词的替代功能与省略现象 一代词替代名词避免重复 *规则：ones替代可数名词复数，tht替代不可数名词/单数可数名词，those替代复数名词 *例句 The books on the shelf are newer than those on the desk.(those books) The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing.(that weather) -日常交际中的代词省略 *常见场景：祈使句、简略回答中主格代词(you/he等)的省略 *例句： ·(You)Open the window,please.(祈使句省略主语you) ·一ho did it?一(twas)Me.(简略回答省略主格It was,用宾格me) ·代词的特殊句式与固定表达 -there be句型中的不定代词 *常用：there is/.are+some/any/no/many/much/little/few. *例句 ·There is little milk in the fridge.(little修饰不可数名词milk) There are a few students in the classroom.(afew修饰可数名词students) -t的形式主语形式宾语用法 *形式主语：lt+be+adj.+todo/that从句 *形式宾语：主语+find/think/make+it+adj.+todo/hat从句 *例句： ·It is necessary that we study hard.(it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语) ·I find it easy to learn English.(it作形式宾语，to learn English为真正宾语) ·跨文化语境中的代词使用差异 一中英文代词指代习惯对比 *中文：常省略主语代词；英语：除祈使句外，一般不可省略 *例句对比： ·(我)明天去看电影。→I will go to the movies tomorrow.(英语需补全主语I) 一性别中立代词的现代用法 *传统：he/she区分性别；现代：they可指代单数不定代词（表性别末知） *例句 ·Someone left their umbrella here.(their指代someone,避免性别偏见) 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：物主代词用法辨析 ·核心：区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的功能，判断其后是否接名词来选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is not my book._(1)is on the desk -答案：Mine解析：空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词，I的名词性物主代词为Mine,指代“我的书”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： The red bag is_.My bag is the blue one. A.her B.hers C.she D.herself -答案：B解析：空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词，her的名词性物主代词为hers,指代“她的包”。 考法二：物主代词与反身代词的综合应用 ·核心：结合具体语境区分形容词性/名词性物主代词的用法，判断反身代词的指代一致性及固定搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： This dictionary isn't mine.Is it_(you)?I found it near_(she)desk. -答案：yours her解析：第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yours(=your dictionary);第二空后 有名词desk,需用形容词性物主代词her。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The twins bought_some new books yesterday,and they taught_to read the first story. A.them themselves B.themselves them C.their theirs D.theirs their -答案：A解析：第一空主语twins与宾语非同一人，用宾格them;第二空“自学”为固定搭配teach oneself,,主语是they,反身代词用themselves。 考法三：代词的综合运用与语境辨析 ·核心：结合人称代词格的正确使用、物主代词的指代一致及反身代词的固定搭配，在复杂语境中准确辨 析代词形式及功能。 ·真题1（单项选择）： My brother and_are going to the cinema,and a friend ofwill join us.He taughtEnglish last year,so we should buy_a ticket too. A.I;mine;himself;him B.me;mine;him;himself C.I;my;him;himself D.me;my;himself;him -答案：A解析：第一空作主语，用主格l;第二空“a friend of+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格， mine=my friends;第三空“teach oneself”为固定搭配，主语he对应反身代词himself;第四空作 buy的宾语，用宾格him。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Tom and Lily lost_way in the forest.They helped_to some dry food and decided to teach_how to use a compass.A villager found them later and said,4is important to stay calm when you're lost.” -答案：their;themselves;themselves;lt解析：第一空lose one'sway”中one's与主语Tom and Lily 保持一致，用their;第二空help oneself to”固定搭配，主语they对应themselves;第三空“teach oneself”固定搭配，仍用themselves;第四空it作形式主语，真正主语为“to stay calm”。 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 ·物主代词用法妙招 -物主代词分两种，形名两类要记牢； 一形代后面必接名，名代独立来使用； -I的名代是mine,her的名代是hers; -判断关键看名词，有它形代无则名。 ·反身代词用法妙招 一反身代词表自身，指代主语要一致； -固定搭配要牢记，teach oneself是自学； 一主语宾语同一人，反身代词来帮忙； 一人称代词有宾格，主宾不同用宾格。 ·代词综合应用妙招 -代词种类多又杂，格和指代是关键； 一双重所有格结构，名代之后接名词； -比较指代用that,复数those来替代； 一复杂语境细分析，固定搭配记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Between you and_,this secret should stay only between us. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 2.The book on the desk is not_._is in my schoolbag. A.her;Hers B.hers;Her C.her:Her D.hers;Hers 3.My parents often tell me to believe in-when facing difficulties. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself 4.-Whose coat is this?-It might be Lucy's.favorite color is red. A.She B.Her C.Hers D.Herself 5.None of the students arrived on time,and_had an excuse for being late. A.any B.some C.no one D.none 6.The little girl taught_to play the piano without a teacher's help. A.her B.hers C.herself D.she 7._is important for everyone to learn to manage time properly. A.This B.That C.It D.One 8.He invited a friend of to the party,but_didn't show up. A.his;he B.him;his C.him;he D.his;himself 9.-Which of the two dictionaries do you prefer?-I like,but the red one is more useful for my study. A.both B.either C.none