名词性从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1名词性从句系统复习 考频分析 名词性从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选 择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）、书面表达（提升句 式复杂度与表达准确性的重要手段)。在语法类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及与其他从句的 区分往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法结构与语境应用： ·从句类型辨析：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的引导词选择(that,if/whether,,特殊疑问 词)与句法功能： ·引导词用法：连接代词(what,who,which等)与连接副词(when,where,why,how)的语义辨析及成 分作用； ·语法规则应用：从句的语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应（主从复合句时态一致）、t作形式主语宾语的替代 结构。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及引导词 ·主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） -常见引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which/whose/whatever 等)、连接副词(when/where/why/how等) -例句：口That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导，无意义)☐What he said surprised us al.(what引导，在从句中作宾语)口It is important whether we can finish the task on time.(it作形 式主语，whether引导真正主语) ·宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语） -常见引导词：that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、连接代词、连接副词（同主语从句） -例句：口I think(that)he is right..(that引导，可省略)She asked if/whether I had seen the film (if/whether表“是否”)口He is interested in what you are doing.(what引导，作介词in的宾语) ·表语从句（在句中作系动词后的表语）》 -常见引导词：that(不可省略)、whether.、连接代词、连接副词（同主语从句） -例句：The fact is that he lied to us.(thatS导，不可省略)口This is where we met for the first time. (where Sl5导，表地点)The question is whether we should accept the offer..(whether表“是否") ·同位语从句（在名词后作同位语，解释说明该名词的内容） -常见引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether(少数名词后用，如doubt) -常接同位语从句的名词：fact、news、idea、thought、question、problem、belief,hope等 -例句：口e heard the news that our team had won.(thatl导，解释news的内容)There is some doubt whether they can solve the problem.(whether S导，解释doubt的内容) 【即学即练】 1.【从句类型判断】"hat he said made me angry.”中，hat he said属于哪种名词性从句？ A.主语从句 B.宾语从句 C.表语从句 D.同位语从句 2.【引导词选择】The question is_we can finish the work on time.(填whether/if) 3.【形式主语】It is true_he has passed the exam.(填引导词) 4.【同位语从句】We have the belief_our team will win the game.(填I导词) 5.【从句语序】改正错误句子：Idon't know what is his name..→ 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：名词性从句的重点难点及易错点 ·引导词that的省略规则 1.主语从句中，that不可省略（即使有it作形式主语，真正主语从句中的that也不能省）》 -例句：It is clear that he will come.(that不可省略) 2.宾语从句中，that可省略（但并列宾语从句中，第二个及以后的that不可省） -例句：She said(that)she would go and that she would return soon.(第一个that可省，第二个 that不可省) 3.表语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略 -例句：The truth is that he lied.(表语从句，that不可省)We have the idea that we should help others.(同位语从句，that不可省) ·whether与if的用法区别 1.whether可用于所有名词性从句；if仅用于宾语从句（且不与or not直接连用，不位于句首引导主语 从句) -例句：Whether he will come is unknown.(主语从句，不可用if)/Idon't know if/whether he will come.(宾语从句，两者均可) 2.与or not连用时，只能用whether(whether..or not可拆分或连用) -例句：I wonder whether he will come or not../I wonder whether or not he will come.(不可用if.or not) ·连接代词/副词在从句中的成分 1.连接代词(what/who/which/whose/whatever等)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 -例句：What she said is true.(what在从句中作宾语)Who will go there hasn't been decided, (who在从句中作主语) 2.连接副词(when/where/why/how等)在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） -例句：This is where we met..(where在从句中作地点状语)/Idon't know why he left.(why在从 句中作原因状语) ·同位语从句与定语从句的区分 1.功能不同：同位语从句解释名词内容（从句与名词是“内容同位”关系）；定语从句修饰名词（从句 与名词是“修饰限定”关系) 2.引导词that作用不同：同位语从句中that无意义、不充当成分；定语从句中that充当主语/宾语等成 分 -例句：The news that he won the game is exciting.(同位语从句，that不充当成分，解释news内 容)The news that he told me is exciting.(定语从句，that作told的宾语，修饰news) ·名词性从句的语序 一所有名词性从句均用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不可用疑问语序 *例句：Idon't know what his name is.(正t确，陈述语序：his name is what)/Idon't know what is his name.(错误，疑问语序) 知识点三：名词性从句的时态与语态 ·时态一致原则 1.基础规则（主句与从句时态呼应）： 一主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 -例句：She says(that)she will go to Beijing tomorrow.(主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时)I know he has finished his work.(主句一般现在时，从句现在完成时) 一主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时等），从句通常用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行 时、过去将来时、过去完成时) -例句：He told me that he was watching TV then..(主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时)She said she would come back soon.(主句一般过去时，从句过去将来时) 2.特殊情况（客观真理/事实永远用一般现在时） -例句：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(从句表客观真理，用一般现在时) ·语态运用（主动语态与被动语态） 1.基础用法（根据主语与谓语的逻辑关系选择语态）： 一主动语态：从句主语是动作的执行者 -例句：/hat he did made us happy.(what he did中he是did的执行者) 一被动语态：从句主语是动作的承受者 -例句：Ne don't know when the meeting will be held..(从句主语the meeting是hold的承受者，用 被动语态) 2.常见结构（被动语态在名词性从句中的搭配）： -例句：It is reported that a new hospital has been built in our city..(主语从句，被动语态has been built)I wonder whether the work can be finished on time..(宾语从句，被动语态can be finished) ·虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 1.常见句型（表示建议、命令、要求等的名词性从句）： -”建议命令/要求”类动词后的宾语从句(should+动词原形，should可省略) -常考动词：suggest(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、demand(要求)、order(命令)、require(要求) -例句：The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the classroom.(宾语从句，用虚拟语气) -tis+形容词/名词+that从句(should+动词原形，should可省略) -常考形容词：important、necessary、strange、natural;常考名词：suggestion、order、.demand -例句：It is necessary that he(should)attend the meeting.(主语从句，虚拟语气)We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go hiking.(同位语从句，虚拟语气) -wⅵsh后的宾语从句（表示与事实相反的愿望，时态倒退） -例句：I wish I knew the answer now.(与现在事实相反，用一般过去时)/She wishes she had studied harder before..(与过去事实相反，用过去完成时) 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：引导词that的省略规则辨析 ·核心：根据名词性从句的类型（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），判断引导词that是否 可以省略 ·真题1（语法填空）： -It is true _he has finished all his homework. 一答案：that解析：本句为主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语从句由that引导，根据规则，主语从 句中that不可省略，故填that。 ·真题2（单项选择）： She said _she would come and-she would bring a gift. A.that:that B./that C.that;/ D.61 -答案：B解析：本句为并列宾语从句，第一个宾语从句中的that可省略，第二个及以后的tht不可省 略，故第一空不填，第二空填that,选B。 考法二：引导词与语序结合老查 ·核心：根据从句类型及引导词在从句中的成分，判断正确引导词并使用陈述语序 ·真题1（语法填空）： -I don't knowthe meeting will start.Could you tell me? -答案：when解析：宾语从句中缺少时间状语，应用连接副词when;且从句需用陈述语序，此处”when the meeting will start”符合要求。 ·真题2（单选题）： --he will come or not is still a question. A.If B.Whether C.What D.That -答案：B解析：主语从句中表示”是否”且与or not连用，只能用whether;if不可用于主语从句，what/that 不符合句意，故选B。 考法三：名词性从句综合应用（引导词选择、时态语态呼应及虚拟语气） ·核心：结合语境判断名词性从句类型，正确选用引导词，遵循时态一致原则及虚拟语气特殊规则 ·真题1（单项选择）： The teacher demanded that all the homework_before class and we wondered if it _possible to finish in time. A.be handed in;was B.handed in;is C.should hand in;was D.must be handed in;is 一答案：A解析：第一空demand后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气(should-+动词原形，should可省略)， homework与hand in为被动关系，故用(should)be handed in;第二空if引导宾语从句，主句wondered 为过去时，从句用过去相关时态，possible为形容词，从句谓语用be动词的过去式was。 ·真题2（语法填空）： It is necessary that we_(take)immediate action to solve the problem,but the question is whether such measures_(support)by the public. -答案：(should)take;will be supported解析：第一空It is necessary that.结构中主语从句用虚拟语 气，谓语用(should)+动词原形；第二空whether引导表语从句，measures与support为被动关系， 结合语境“问题是这些措施是否会得到公众支持”，用一般将来时被动语态will be supported。. 语法复习|英语引沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.-we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.She told me_she would visit her grandparents and_she would bring them some gifts A.that;/ B./that C.that;that D.;1 3.The fact_he failed the exam surprised all his teachers. A.which B.why C.that D.what 4.I wonder_the meeting will start or not A.if B.whether C.when D.that 5.It is importantwe should learn English well. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 6.The problem_we need to solve first is how to raise money. A.which B.what C.that D.how 7.He asked me_I had seen his keys in the office. A.that B.if C.what D.where 8.The suggestion_we should hold a party for the graduates is worth considering. A.which B.that C.how D.when 9.I wish I-the answer to this question now. A.know B.knew C.have known D.will know 10.It is necessary that everyone_to the meeting on time. A.come B.comes C.came D.will come 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Could you tell me_the nearest post office is? 2.The news_our team won the championship made us excited. 3.-he will accept the job offer is still unknown. 4.I don't doubt _she can finish the task by herself. 5.My parents suggested that I_(study)abroad after graduation. 6.The question is-we can get enough support from the government. 7.He told me _he had visited Paris twice andhe planned to go again next year. 8.It is strange_she didn't attend the important meeting yesterday. 9.I wonder_or not he will join us in the trip. 10.The teacher explained_the earth moves around the sun. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many students wonder 1.-they can improve their English quickly.Some believe 2.-the key is to memorize as many words as possible,but others think 3.-using the language in real situations is more important. The truth is 4.there is no single "best"way to learn English.5.works for one person may not work for another.For example,a student who enjoys reading may benefit from novels,while someone else might prefer watching movies. Teachers often suggest that students 6.-(practice)speaking every day.It is necessary 7.-they should not be afraid of making mistakes.In fact,making mistakes is part of the learning process. Another question students often ask is 8.-they should start learning grammar.Some experts argue that grammar should be learned gradually,while others insist that 9._is better to learn basic rules first. No matter what method you choose,remember:the most important thing is 10.-you keep practicing and never give up. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.B5.C6.C7.B8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.where 2.that 3.Whether 4.that 5.(should)study 6.whether 7.(that);that 8.that 9.whether 10.that 演练三：语法填空 1.how 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.What 6.(should)practice 7.that 8.when 9.it 10.that 语法复习|英语|沪教版