沪教版高中英语动词短语系统-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1动词短语系统复习 考频分析 动词短语是高中英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 (34题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(2-3题)人、阅读理解（影响对文章细节和主旨的理解）、书面表达 (核心考察，直接影响句子表达的地道性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词短语的固定搭配、语义辨 析及语境应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 沪教版高中英语对动词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖固定搭配与语境应用： ·动词短语分类应用：及物动词短语与不及物动词短语的辨析，动词+介词副词名词等构成的短语结构 break down,look forward to,take care of); ·语境语义辨析：同一动词与不同介词/副词搭配形成的短语在含义上的区别（如put on/put off/put out), 以及近义动词短语的语境选择（如take up/take in/.take over); ·句法功能运用：动词短语在句中作谓语、非谓语（如作宾语、状语）时的用法，以及与情态动词、时态 结合的综合应用（如have kept up with,be made up of))。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词短语的构成及分类 ·动词+介词（短语动词，后接宾语） -常见组合：look for(寻找)、listen to(听)、depend on(依靠) -例句：口She is looking for her lost keys..(for为介词，后接名词作宾语)口You should listen to your parents'advice.(to为介词，后接名词短语作宾语) ·动词+副词（短语动词，宾语位置灵活） -常见组合：put on(穿上)、take off(脱下)、turn up(调大音量) -例句：口He put on his coat quickly.(宾语his coat位于副词on之后)/He put his coat on quickly, (宾语his coat位于动词put和副词on之间)Please turn up the radio..(宾语the radio位于副词 up之后)/Please turn the radio up.(宾语the radio位于动词turn和副词up之间) ·动词+名词+介词（固定搭配，名词不可替换） -常见组合：take care of(照顾)、make use of(利用)、pay attention to(注意) -例句：口Ne should take good care of the elderly.(care为名词，of为介词，后接宾语)口You must pay attention to your pronunciation.(attention为名词，to为介词，后接宾语) ·动词+副词+介词（三词短语动词，后接宾语） -常见组合：come up with(想出)、look forward to(期待)、get along with(与…相处) -例句：口She came up with a good idea.(with为介词，后接名词作宾语)☐Ne are looking forward to the winter holiday.(to为介词，后接名词短语作宾语) 【即学即练】 1.【动词短语分类】"look forward to”属于什么类型的动词短语？ A.动词+介词 B.动词+副词 C.动词+名词+介词 D.动词+副词+介词 2.【动词+副词短语】请写出"take off'的正确用法：He_his hat quickly.(他迅速脱下帽子) 3.【动词+介词短语】以下短语中，”to”为介词的是？ A.want to do B.look forward to C.decide to do D.hope to do 4.【动词+名词+介词短语】”利用时间”用英语正确表达为：make_of time A.use B.useful C.using D.used 5.【动词短语宾语位置】动词+副词类短语中，代词作宾语时，需放在。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·动词不定式（表目的、将来、结果）》 1.基本形式 -to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形）；省略to的情况：情态动词后(can/may/must等)、使 役动词后(let/make/have sb.do sth.)、感官动词后(see/hear/watch sb.do sth.,强调动作全过 程) 2.句法功能 -作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要)/It is important to learn English well.. (t作形式主语，真正主语后置) -作宾语：She wants to go to college.(她想上大学)/He decided not to attend the meeting..(他决 定不参加会议) -作目的状语：e study hard to get good grades.(我们努力学习是为了取得好成绩) 3.固定搭配 -agree to do sth.(同意做某事)、plan to do sth.(计划做某事)、refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事)、 It takes sb.some time to do sth.(做某事花费某人多长时间) ·动名词（表动作名词化、习惯性行为） 1.基本形式 -动词原形+-ing(否定式：not+动名词) 2.句法功能 -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) -作宾语：I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说)/He is fond of playing basketball.(他喜欢打篮 球) -作表语：Her hobby is collecting stamps.(她的爱好是集邮) 3.固定搭配 -enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事)、practise doing sth.(练习做某事)、give up doing sth.(放弃做某 事)、be interested in doing sth.(对做某事感兴趣) ·现在分词与过去分词（表主动/被动、进行完成） 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -形式：动词原形+-ing 一用法： *作定语：The running boy is my brother..(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟)（主动、进行） *作状语：Walking in the park,she met an old friend..(在公园散步时，她遇到了一位老朋友)（主 动，表伴随) *作表语：The film is exciting.(这部电影很令人兴奋)（主语是物，表“令人.”） 2.过去分词（被动、完成） 一形式：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需记忆，如taken,seen) 一用法； *作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday.(被打破的窗户昨天修好了)（被动、完成） *作状语：Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山J顶看，这座城市很美)（被 动，表条件) *作表语：She was excited at the news.(她对这个消息感到兴奋)（主语是人，表“感到…"） 3.区别对比 -语态：现在分词表主动（如developing country“发展中国家”，国家主动发展）；过去分词表被动 (如developed country“发达国家”，国家被发展，已完成) -时态：现在分词表进行（如boiling water“沸水”，正在沸腾）；过去分词表完成（如boiled water “开水”，已沸腾过) ·非谓语动词作定语的区别 1.不定式作定语（表将来）：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(我明天有个会议要参加)（会议还未 参加，表将来) 2.现在分词作定语（主动、进行）：The girl singing in the room is my sister..(正在房间里唱歌的女孩是 我妹妹)（女孩主动唱歌，动作正在进行） 3.过去分词作定语（被动、完成）：The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的书很受欢 迎)（书被鲁迅写，动作已完成） 知识点三：动词时态与语态 ·一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性或客观真理） 一基础用法及标志词： *经常性动作（标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,every day)→例句：She usually gets up at6:30a.m. *客观真理/自然规律→例句：The earth goes around the sun. *状态描述→例句：He likes playing football.. *主将从现（时间条件状语从句中）→例句：If it rains tom orrow,we will stay at home. ·现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作） 一基础用法及标志词： *已完成的动作对现在的影响（标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never)→例句：I have already finished my homework. *持续到现在的动作（标志词：for+时间段，since+时间点）→例句：Ve have lived here for ten years. *固定句型：It is the first time that..(从句用现在完成时)→例句：It is the first time that I have visited Beijing. ·被动语态（动作承受者作主语） 一基本结构及时态变化： *一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken all over the world. *一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The bridge was built in2010 *一般将来时被动：will be+过去分词/am/is/.are going to be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. *情态动词被动：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This work must be finished today, ·时态与语态综合运用（高考高频考点） -主动表被动（感官动词/系动词：look,sound,taste,feel,smel)→例句：The food tastes delicious. -现在完成时与一般过去时区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响(I have seen the film.我已看过，知道 内容)；一般过去时强调过去动作(I saw the film last week.仅说明上周看了) -被动语态特殊结构：be worth doing(值得被做)→例句：The book is worth reading 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：非谓语动词作定语辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动被动）及动作时间（将来进行完成），选择正确 的非谓语形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(sing)in the classroom is my best friend. -答案：singing解析：被修饰名词“the girl'”与非谓语动词“sing”是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用 现在分词作定语表主动和进行。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I have a lot of homework-tonight. A.do B.doing C.to do D.done 一答案：C解析：“作业”与“做”是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作尚未发生表将来，用不定式作定语表将 来。 考法二：非谓语动词与动词短语搭配 ·核心：根据动词短语的固定搭配及非谓语动词的句法功能，选择正确的非谓语形式（不定式或动名词） ·真题1（语法填空）： She looks forward to_(meet)her pen pal from America. -答案：meeting解析："look forward to”为动词+副词+介词结构的短语动词，其中"to”为介词，后接 动名词作宾语，meet的动名词形式为meeting。 ·真题2（单项选择）： You must pay attention to_the teacher carefully in class. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to -答案：B解析：”pay attention to”为动词+名词+介词结构的固定搭配，其中"to”为介词，后接动名 词作宾语，listen to的动名词形式为listening to。 考法三：动词短语、非谓语动词与被动语态的综合应用 ·核心：结合语境判断动词短语的搭配形式，区分非谓语动词作定语/状语的用法，并正确运用被动语态的 时态与结构。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The problem__at the meeting yesterday requires us_a solution as soon as possible. A.discussed;to come up with B.was discussed;to come up with C.discussed;coming up with D.was discussed;coming up with 一答案：A解析：第一空考查非谓语动词作定语，"problem”与"discuss”是被动关系，用过去分 词"discussed”表被动完成；第二空考查固定搭配"require sb.to do sth.”(要求某人做某事)，且”come up with”为动词短语，意为”想出”，符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(take)good care of by her teacher,the little girl decided_(pay attention to)her studies and promised not_(let)her parents down. -答案：Taken;to pay attention to;?to let解析：第一空考查非谓语动词作状语，"the little girl'”与"take care of'是被动关系，用过去分词”Taken'”表原因；第二空"decided”后接不定式作宾语，"pay attention to”为固定短语；第三空”promised not”后接不定式否定式"to let'”,”let sb.dowm”为动词短语，符合语 境。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语作定看关系，主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分，将来动作用不定式： 动词短语要牢记，to为介词接动名，固定搭配需辨清，to do doing莫混淆； 综合应用先判断，非谓成分要分明，定语状语看位置，被动关系用过分，固定搭配记句型，todo结构常出 现。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The children are looking forward to-the new theme park next weekend. A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit 2.The novelby Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 3.If it_tomorrow,we will postpone the outdoor activity. A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.rained 4.You should pay attention to_the instructions before using the machine. A.follow B.following C.followed D.to follow 5.The teacher asked us_quiet in the library. A.keep B.keeping C.to keep D.kept 6.This song is worth_again and again. A.listen B.listening C.to listen D.listened 7.The old manin the park every morning. A.jogs B.jogged C.is jogging D.has jogged 8.I have a lot of books_during the summer vacation. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 9.The problem _at the meeting now is about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.is discussing D.is discussed 10.My parents often remind metoo much time on video games. A.not to spend B.not spending C.to not spend D.not spend 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She decided_(study)abroad after graduating from high school. 2.The students are making full use of their time-(prepare)for the exam. 3.This is the first time I(visit)the Great Wall. 4.A new library(build)in our school next year. 5.The girl_(wear)a red dress is my cousin. 6.He apologized for_(be)late for the meeting. 7.We must take good care of the books_(borrow)from the library. 8.The teacher told us_(not talk)in class. 9.-(learn)English well,we need to practice speaking every day. 10.The film_(direct)by Zhang Yimou is very popular. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） The Importance of Reading Reading is one of the most important skills we need to develop.Many people enjoy_(read)books,newspapers,or magazines in their free time.For students,reading not only helps -(improve)vocabulary and grammar but also broadens their horizons. A good book can be compared to a good friend.It_(always stay)with us and teaches us valuable lessons.Last year,I read a novel-(write)by a famous author.The story was so moving that I couldn' t stop_(turn)the pages.After finishing it,I(think)a lot about life and made up my mind_(be)more helpful to others. However,some students spend too much time_(play)online games instead of reading.They should realize that reading is worth-(devote)time to.Teachers and parents should encourage children-(form) a good reading habit from an early age.Only by reading widely_we gain more knowledge and become better people. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C6.B7.A8.C9.A10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.to study 2.to prepare 3.have visited 4.will be built 5.wearing 6.being 7.borrowed 8.not to talk 9.To learn 10.directed 演练三：语法填空 1.reading 2.to improve 3.always stays 4.written 5.turning 6.thought 7.to be 8.playing 9.devoting 10.to form 高中|英语|沪教版