非谓语动词系统-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选 择2-3题、完形填空34题、语法填空23题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语 境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)作主语、 宾语、定语、状语、补足语的用法辨析； ·时态与语态：非谓语动词的一般式、完成式、被动式(to be done/being done/having been done)在语 境中的选择； ·固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式或动名词的动词及短语辨析（如want to do/enjoy doing),非谓语动词 与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系判断。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的类型及基本功能 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，否定式：not to do) 一基本功能：表目的、结果、将来动作或主语宾语 -例句：To learn English well is important..(作主语，表动作)☐He came here to see his mother..(作 目的状语)口I hope to finish the work on time.(作宾语) ·动名词（动词原形+ing,具有名词性质） 一基本功能：作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表抽象/习惯性动作 -例句：☐Swimming is good for health.(作主语)☐She enjoys reading novels.(作宾语)☐His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语) ·现在分词（动词原形+-ing,表主动/进行） 一基本功能：作定语、状语或表语，修饰名词或说明动作状态 -例句：The running water is clean.(作定语，表主动)☐They stood there waiting for the bus..(作 伴随状语)口The story is interesting.(作表语，表事物特征) ·过去分词（动词原形+-ed,表被动/完成） 一基本功能：作定语、状语或表语，修饰名词或说明动作状态 -例句：口The broken window was repaired.(作定语，表被动)口Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动)口I am interested in music..(作表语，表人的感受) 【即学即练】 1.【非谓语类型判断】"Swimming is my favorite sport.”中Swimming属于什么类型的非谓语动词？ A.动词不定式 B.动名词 C.现在分词 D.过去分词 2.【不定式用法】请用todo结构完成句子：He went to the supermarket_(buy)some food. 3.【分词作定语】"The_(break)cup was thrown away..”中应填入break的哪种形式？ A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 4.【现在分词作表语】"The movie is_(excite).”中应填入excite的哪种形式？ A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.to excite 5.【过去分词表被动】过去分词作定语时，通常表示名词与动词之间是，现在分词作定语则表示。 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态与语态变化 ·动词不定式的时态与语态 1.一般式（表动作与谓语动作同时/之后发生） -主动语态：todo -例句：She plans to study abroad next year..(计划明年留学，表未来动作) -被动语态：to be done -例句：The work needs to be finished by Friday..(工作需要周五前被完成) 2.进行式（表动作与谓语动作同时进行） -主动语态：to be doing -例句：He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.(妈妈进来时，他假装在看书) 3.完成式（表动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：to have done -例句：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.(抱歉让你久等了，“等”发生在“抱歉”之前) -被动语态：to have been done -例句：The project is reported to have been completed last month.(据报道项目上月已完成) ·动名词的时态与语态 1.一般式（表动作与谓语动作同时/习惯性发生） -主动语态：doing -例句：She enjoys listening to music.(习惯性动作) -被动语态：being done -例句：He hates being laughed at in public.(讨厌被当众嘲笑) 2.完成式（表动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：having done -例句：Having finished homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后，他出去玩了) -被动语态：having been done -例句：Having been told the news,she burst into tears.(被告知消息后，她哭了) ·分词的时态与语态补充 1.现在分词完成式（表主动动作发生在谓语动作之前） -结构：having done -例句：Having lived in Shanghai for10 years,he knows the city well.(在上海住了10年，他很了 解这座城市) 2.现在分词完成被动式（表被动动作发生在谓语动作之前） -结构：having been done -例句：Having been invited to the party,she felt very happy..(被邀请参加派对，她很开心) 知识点三：非谓语动词的句法功能对比与易混点辨析 ·作定语时的区别 1.动词不定式（表将来动作） 2.例句：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(明天要参加的会议，表未来) 3.现在分词（表主动/进行） 4.例句：The girl singing in the room is my sister.(正在唱歌的女孩，主动且进行) 5.过去分词（表被动/完成） 6.例句：The books written by Mo Yan are popular..(莫言写的书，被动且完成) ·作状语时的区别 1.不定式（表目的结果原因） -目的状语：He got up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶早班车) -结果状语：She hurried to the station only to find the train had left..(结果发现火车已开走) 2.现在分词（表主动/伴随时间） -伴随状语：They walked in the park,.talking and laughing.(边走边说笑，主动伴随) -时间状语：Walking along the street,I met an old friend.(沿街走时遇到朋友，主动动作) 3.过去分词（表被动/条件让步） -条件状语：Given more time,we can finish the task better.(如果给更多时间，被动条件) -让步状语：Beaten by the enemy,he never gave up.(虽被敌人殴打，被动让步) ·易混结构对比 1.不定式Vs动名词作主语 -不定式（表具体动作）：To learn English this term is my goal.(本学期学英语，具体目标) -动名词（表抽象概念）：Learning English is useful..(学英语有用，抽象概念) 2.现在分词Vs过去分词作表语 -现在分词（表事物特征）：The movie is exciting.(电影令人兴奋，事物特征) -过去分词（表人的感受）：I am excited about the movie.(我对电影感到兴奋，人的感受) 3.不定式Vs分词作宾语补足语 -不定式（表动作全过程/完成）：I saw him cross the road.(看见他过马路的全过程) -现在分词（表动作正在进行）：I saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路) -过去分词（表被动/完成）：I found the door locked.(发现门被锁了，被动状态) ·高频易错点 1.感官动词后接不定式省略to的情况（主动语态） -例句：We heard her sing a song.(听见她唱了一首歌，主动全过程) -被动语态需还原to:She was heard to sing a song.(她被听见唱了一首歌) 2.介词后接动名词（例外：but/except后接不定式） -例句：He is good at swimming.(擅长游泳，介词at+doing) -例句：I have no choice but to wait.(别无选择只能等待，but后接todo) 3.独立主格结构（非谓语有自己的逻辑主语） -例句：The meeting being over,we went home.(会议结束后，我们回家了，“会议”是being over 的逻辑主语) 语法复习|英语」沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：非谓语动词类型及功能辨析 ·核心：根据句子结构和语境，判断非谓语动词的类型（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）及其在 句中所作成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等） ·真题1（语法填空）： --(learn)English well,we should practice every day -答案：To learn解析：句意为“为了学好英语，我们应该每天练习”，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作 目的状语，故填To learn.。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I enjoy_(swim)in the river in summer. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swum -答案：C解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，故填swimming。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语的类型判断 ·核心：根据语境逻辑（目的、结果、主动伴随、被动条件等），区分不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语 的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： -_(improve)his spoken English,he practices speaking with foreigners every day. -答案：To improve解析：语境表目的“为了提升英语☐语”，不定式todo可作目的状语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -_by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract -答案：B解析：主语tourists与attract为被动关系（被美景吸引），过去分词表被动，作原因状语。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用与时态语态辨析 ·核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词的类型（不定式/动名词分词），并根据动作时间关系及主被动逻辑选择 正确的时态语态形式。 ·真题1（单项选择）： --the project on time,the team worked day and night.They succeeded in_it ahead of schedule, which was reported__a great achievement by the manager. A.Completing;finishing;being B.To complete;finishing;to be C.Having completed;to finish;being D.To have completed;finished;to have been -答案：B解析：第一空表目的，用动词不定式to complete;第二空介词in后接动名词finishing;第三 空“be reported to do'”为固定结构，此处表客观评价“被报道为一项成就”，用tobe。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -_(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful.The guide suggested_(visit)the old temple_(build)in the Ming Dynasty.We happened-(meet)some volunteers-(plant)trees there. 一答案：Seen;visiting;built;:to meet;planting解析：第一空“城市”与“看”为被动关系，用过去分词 Seen作状语；第二空suggest后接动名词visiting;第三空“寺庙”与“建造”为被动完成关系，用 过去分词buit作定语；第四空happen to do sth.表“碰巧做某事”，用to meet;第五空“志愿者”与 “植树”为主动进行关系，用现在分词planting作宾补。 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语类型判断妙招 非谓类型有四种，不定分词动名词； 目的将来用不定，todo结构要牢记； 介词之后接动名，doing形式莫忘记； 主动进行用现分，doing表主动进行； 被动完成用过分，done表被动完成。 非谓成分辨析妙招 作主语，不定式动名词均可； 作宾语，动词之后看搭配； 作定语，分词位置要注意； 作状语，目的结果和伴随； 目的状语用不定，结果状语看情况； 主动伴随现分跟，被动条件过分当。 非谓时态语态妙招 非谓时态看先后，主动被动要分明； 不定式时态有三种，一般完成和进行； 一般式，todo表示动作同时或之后； 完成式，to have done表示动作先发生； 进行式，to be doing表示动作正在进行； 被动式，to be done表示被动末发生； to have been done表示被动已完成。 动名词时态有两种，一般完成要分清； 一般式，doing表示动作同时或泛指； 完成式，having done表示动作先发生； 被动式，being done表示被动进行中； having been done表示被动已完成。 分词时态有两种，一般完成记心中； 一般式，doing/.done表示动作同时或先后； 完成式，having done/having been done表示动作先发生； 主动关系用doing,被动关系用done; having done表示主动先发生； having been done表示被动先完成。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.To improve her writing skills,she practices_every day. A.write B.writing C.to write D.written 2.The old man was seen_in the park when it started to rain. A.walk B.walked C.walking D.to walking 3.the novel twice,he decided to write a review about it. A.Reading B.Having read C.Toread D.Read 4.The problem seems__at the meeting yesterday,but no decision was made. A.to discuss B.to have discussed C.to have been discussed D.being discussed 5.The teacher encourages us_more English movies to improve listening. A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.watched 6.-by his words,many students decided to work harder. A.Inspining B.Inspired C.To inspire D.Inspire 7.I'm sorry_you that the flight has been canceled due to bad weather. A.telling B.to tell C.having told D.told 8.The book_on the desk belongs to my sister A.lying B.lied C.tolie D.being lied 9.She pretended_when her father called her name. A.not to hear B.not hearing C.to not hear D.not hear 10._enough time,we would have finished the task perfectly. A.Give B.Giving C.Given D.To give 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He hopes_(become)a doctor when he grows up. 2.The children were excited about _(visit)the science museum. 3.The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is important for our project. 4.-(solve)this problem,we need to work together. 5.I remember_(meet)her at the party last year,but I can't recall her name. 6.The film is reported_(win)several international awards. 7.-(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 8.She was praised for-(help)the elderly cross the road. 9.The students are required_(submit)their homework before Friday. 10.(live)in London for five years,he speaks English fluently.