情态动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1情态动词系统复习 考频分析 情态动词是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响语气表达与情境适配性。在语 境理解类题目中，情态动词的推测用法、语气差异及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对情态动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本含义与用法：can/could、may/might、must/have to、shall/should、will/would、need/dare的核l心 语义及肯定否定疑问形式； ·情态动词表推测：不同情态动词(must、may、might、.cant等)在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中表推测 的语气差异及时态搭配； ·情态动词+have done结构：表示对过去情况的推测(must have done)、虚拟语气(should have done)、 必要性(needn't have done)等语境应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：情态动词的分类及核心用法 ·1.能力表达类情态动词(can/could/be able to) -基础用法：can表示现在或将来能力，could表示过去能力或委婉语气，be able to强调通过努力获得 的能力且有时态变化 -例句：She can speak three languages fluently.(现在能力)口He could swim across the river when he was young.(过去能力)You will be able to pass the exam if you study hard.(将来能力) ·2.许可与推测类情态动词(may/might/can/could) -许可用法：may/might语气更正式，can/could更☐语化，否定用mustn't(禁止)/can't(不允许) -推测用法：may/might表示”可能”（可能性较低），can/could用于否定/疑问句表推测 -例句：口May I use your dictionary?(请求许可)口She might be at home now.(肯定推测)口Can't he be in the library?(否定推测疑问句) ·3.义务与必要性类情态动词(must/have to/.should/ought to) -主观义务：must表示说话人主观认为”必须”，否定用needn't(不必) -客观必要：have to强调客观环境要求”不得不”，有时态变化 一建议义务：should/ought to表示”应该”，ought to后接to+动词原形 -例句：☐e must obey traffic rules.(主观义务)口They had to cancel the trip due to bad weather.. (客观必要)口You should apologize for your mistake.(建议) ·4.情态动词+have done结构（表对过去的推测/虚拟） -常见搭配：must have done(肯定推测)、can't have done(否定推测)、should have done(本应该)、 needn't have done(本不必) -例句：口The ground is wet,.so it must have rained last night.(肯定推测)口You shouldn't have told him the secret..(本不该做)口They needn't have bought so much food.(本不必做) 【即学即练】 1.【能力表达类情态动词】He swim when he was young,but he cross the river yesterday because of the strong current. A.could;wasn't able to B.can;isn't able to C.could;couldn't D.can;wasn't able to 2.【推测类情态动词】The light is off.She_be at home now. A.must B.may C.can't D.should 3.【义务类情态动词】一Must I finish the homework today?一No,you一 A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't 4.【情态动词+have done】The ground is dry,.so it _rained last night. A.must have B.should have C.can't have D.needn't have 5.【许可类情态动词】一_.I use your phone?-Yes,you一. A.May;can B.Could;could C.May;must D.Could;need 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词核心用法 ·1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、具体动作) 一功能与搭配 -作主语（常用it作形式主语）、宾语（接在hope/want//decide等动词后）、目的状语（置于句首或句末） 一例句： *口It is important to learn English well.(形式主语it,真正主语to learn) *☐She hopes to study abroad next year.(动词hope后接不定式作宾语) *口To catch the early bus,he got up at5a.m.(不定式表目的，置于句首) ·2.动名词(doing)(表习惯、抽象动作、主语宾语) 一功能与搭配 -作主语（表抽象慨念）、宾语（接在enjoy/mind/practice等动词后）、介词后必须用动名词 -例句： *口Swimming is good for health.(动名词作主语，表抽象动作) *口They enjoy listening to music.(动词enjoy后接动名词作宾语) *口He succeeded by working hard..(介词by后接动名词working) ·3.分词（现在分词doing/i过去分词done)(表主动/被动、进行完成） -口现在分词（主动/进行） *作定语：a running boy(正在跑步的男孩，主动关系) *作状语：Walking along the street,,she met an old friend.(表伴随，主动动作) -口过去分词（被动/完成） *作定语：a broken window(被打破的窗户，被动关系) *作状语：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful..(表条件，被动动作) -例句： *口The girl singing in the room is my sister.(现在分词作定语，主动进行) *口Encouraged by her teacher,she studied harder.(过去分词作状语，被动完成) ·4.非谓语动词的否定形式（在非谓语动词前加not) -口不定式否定：not to do -口动名词否定：not doing -口分词否定：not doing not done -例句： *☐He decided not to attend the meeting.(不定式否定not to attend) *口I regret not telling you the truth.(动名词否定not telling) *口Not having finished his homework,he stayed at home.(现在分词完成式否定not having finished) 知识点三：情态动词易混点辨析与实战应用 ·1.能力表达类情态动词对比(can/could/be able to) 一易混点解析： *口can与be able to:can只有现在/过去式(could),be able to有完整时态(was/were able to表 过去成功做某事，will be able to表将来) *例句对比： ·-He could swim when he was5.(仅表过去能力) ·-He was able to swim across the river yesterday..(过去成功完成) *口could表委婉请求时回答用can而非could *例句： ·-Could I borrow your pen？-Yes,you can.(不能用Yes,you could.) ·2.推测语气强弱层级（高中核心考点） 一从强到弱排序： -must(一定)>should/ought to(应该)>may(可能)>might(或许) 一例句应用： *☐The light is on,so he must be at home.(最强肯定推测) *口They should arrive by now.(根据常理推测) *口She may come to the party tonight.(可能性一般) *口This might be the right answer.(可能性铰低) ·3.情态动词否定形式辨析（易错题） 一否定含义对比： *口mustn't(禁止)vs.needn't(不必) ·-You mustn't park here.(禁止停车) ·-You needni't come early tomorrow.(不必早来) *口can't(不可能)vs.may not(可能不) ·-He can't be in Paris.I saw him yesterday.(完全否定推测) ·-She may not agree with the plan.(不太确定的否定推测) ·4.高频情态动词短语搭配（写作必备） -口had better do(最好做)→You had better take an umbrella. -would rather do(宁愿做)→I would rather stay at home. -口used to do(过去常常做)→She used to play the piano. -be supposed to do(应该做)→Ve are supposed to wear uniforms. ·5.情态动词情景交际应用（☐语考查） 一请求与应答： *-May I leave early?-Yes,you may./No,you mustn't. *-Can you help me?-Sure,I can./Sorry,I can't. -建议与批评： *-You should try this new method. *-You ought not to speak loudly in the library. 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：情态动词+have done结构辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断对过去的推测或虚拟语气，选择正确的情态动词+have done搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： The door was locked when I got home.My parents _(go)out for dinner. -答案：must have gone解析：由“门是锁着的”可知对过去情况进行肯定推测，用must have done 结构，go的过去分词为gone。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -You_told her the news.She cried for hours after hearing it. A.should have B.shouldn't have C.must have D.needn't have -答案：B解析：根据“她听后哭了几小时”可知是“本不该做某事”，用shouldn't have done结构，表 示对过去行为的责备。 考法二：情态动词与非谓语动词混合辨析 ·核心：结合情态动词的推测义务用法与非谓语动词的功能（作定语、状语等），判断句子结构中情态动 词后的非谓语形式及逻辑关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： The students_(finish)their homework before the deadline,but some of them failed to hand it in on time. -答案：should have finished解析：由“failed to hand it in'”可知，此处表“本应该完成但未完成”，用 情态动词+have done结构；should have finished符合语境（本应该完成）。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -_catch the early train,we must get up at 6 a.m. A.In order to B.Must C.Could D.Having to -答案：A解析：空格后为动词原形“catch”,表目的，应用不定式符号to;In order to后接动词原形 作目的状语，符合语境（为了赶早火车）。情态动词ust/could后需接动词原形，但空格处缺少介词， 故排除B、C；Having to为非谓语动词，表“不得不”，但此处需明确表目的，A项更准确。 考法三：情态动词与非谓语动词的混合应用 ·核心：结合情态动词表推测义务的用法与非谓语动词（不定式、分词）作状语定语的功能，判断语境中 动词的正确形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The teacher suggested that we should spend more time_English every day,but some students pretended_busy with other subjects. A.practicing;to be B.practice;being C.to practice;to be D.practicing;being -答案：A解析：第一空“spend time+doing sth.”为固定搭配，需用动名词practicing;第二空“pretend +to do sth.”表示“假装做某事”，需用不定式tobe,符合“情态动词should后接动词原形spend, spend后接动名词，pretend后接不定式”的混合用法。 ·真题2（语法填空）： You ought_(tell)her the truth earlier.She seems_(hurt)deeply by your silence these days. -答案：to have told;to be hurt解析：第一空“ought to have done”表示“本应该做某事（未做）”，需 用不定式完成式to have told;第二空“seem+todo”为固定结构，“she”与“hurt”是被动关系，需 用不定式的被动式to be hurt,体现情态动词表义务与非谓语动词被动语态的结合。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 情态动词辨过去，have done跟着走；肯定推测用must,责备后悔shouldn't; 表义务用should ought,未做之事加have done;推测义务看语境，虚拟语气要分明。 非谓搭配记心间，spend doing是习惯；pretend后接todo,seem也把todo连； 目的状语to lead,in order to表目的；情态动词加原形，非谓形式看功能。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The ground is all wet.It-rained heavily last night. A.must have B.should have C.needn't have D.can have 2.You _smoke in the hospital.It's dangerous for patients. A.needn't B.mustn't C.may not D.couldn't 3.-Could I use your computer for a while? 4.-Yes,you_. A.could B.can C.must D.need 5.She_have arrived by now.The flight was scheduled to land an hour ago A.must B.should C.may D.might 6._improve his English,he practices speaking with foreigners every day. A.So as to B.In order to C.Must D.Having 7.The teacher suggested that we__more attention to grammar rules. A.pay B.must pay C.should pay D.paying 8.They_bought so much food for the party.Hardly anyone showed up. A.needn't have B.shouldn't have C.can't have D.must have 9._in the street,she found a wallet lying on the ground. A.Walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walked 10.Youtold him about the surprise.He already knew it. A.needn't have B.mustn't have C.shouldn't have D.can't have 11.The book _on the shelf is mine.Please pass it to me. A.laying B.lying C.lain D.lied 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The students_(finish)their homework before class,but some forgot. 2.She decided_(study)abroad after graduating from college. 3.It's important_(learn)to manage time wisely.