名词性从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1名词性从句系统复习 考频分析 名词性从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（提升句式复杂度与表达准确性的 重要手段)。在综合理解类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及逻辑关系往往是解题核心。 考查内容 高中英语对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖结构特征与语境应用： ·从句类型识别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的基本结构与功能判定； ·连接词选用：that、if/whether、.wh-类连接词(what、who、when等)的语法功能与语义匹配； ·语序与时态：陈述语序的严格遵循，主从句时态呼应规则（如主句过去时从句用相应过去时态） 精讲精练 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及引导词 ·主语从句（在句中作主语） -常见引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which/whose)、连 接副词(when/where/why/how) -例句：口That she will come tomorrow is certain..(thatl导，无意义)口What he said surprised everyone.(what引导，在从句中作宾语) ·宾语从句（在句中作宾语，常跟在动词、介词后） -常见引导词：that(无意义，可省略)、if/whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which)、连接副词 (when/where/why/how) -例句：口I think(that)he is right..(that引导，可省略)口She asked if I would go with her..(if引导， 表“是否”)口Ne are talking about where we will go for vacation.(where引导，介词about的宾语) ·表语从句（在句中作表语，位于系动词后） -常见引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which)、连接副词 (when/where/why/how) -例句：The fact is that he lied to us..(thatl导，无意义)This is why she was late.(why引导， 表原因) ·同位语从句（在句中作同位语，解释说明名词的内容，常跟在fact/news/idea/promise等名词后） -常见引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否) -例句：口e heard the news that our team had won..(that引导，解释news的内容)口There is some doubt whether he can finish the task on time.(whether Sl导，表“是否") 【即学即练】 1.【从句类型识别】"hat he needs is a good rest.”中，What引导的从句属于哪种类型？ A.宾语从句 B.主语从句 C.表语从句 D.同位语从句 2.【引导词选用】The fact is_he didn't tell the truth.(填入合适的引导词) 3.【同位语从句引导词】There is a question-he will attend the meeting.(填入合适的引导词，表“是 否”) A.that B.if C.whether D.what 4.【宾语从句引导词省略】Ithink_(that)she is a good student.此处that是否可以省略？ A.可以 B.不可以 C.视情况而定 D.以上都不对 5.【从句功能】同位语从句的核心功能是 而定语从句的核心功能是 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：名词性从句的连接词用法对比与易错点 ·that vs.what(主语从句/宾语从句中) 1.功能差异 -that:无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分（仅起连接作用） 一wht:意为“…的事物/内容”，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 2.对比例句 -That she missed the train made her angry.(that不充当成分，从句主语是she) -What she missed made her angry.(what在从句中作missed的宾语，意为“她错过的东西”) -I think that he will come.(that不充当成分，可省略) -I think what he needs is more time.(what在从句中作needs的宾语，不可省略) ·whether vs.if(宾语从句中表“是否”) 1.通用情况：引导动词后的宾语从句表示“是否”时，二者可互换 I don't know if/whether he will attend the meeting. 2.只能用whether的三种情况 -a.与or not直接连用(whether.or not) -She asked whether he would come or not..(不可用if.or not) -b.位于介词后作宾语 -It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow.(不可用if) -c.引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句 -Whether he can pass the exam is still unknown.(主语从句，不可用if) -The question is whether we should accept the offer.(表语从句，不可用if) ·连接代词s.连接副词（在从句中充当的成分） 1.连接代词(what/who/which/whose):在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 -/ho will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet..(who作从句主语) -The teacher asked which book we were reading.(which作book的定语) 2.连接副词(when/where/.why/how):在从句中充当状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） -Please tell me when the party will start.(when作时间状语) -This is how he solved the problem.(how作方式状语) ·同位语从句s.定语从句（易混淆点对比） 1.本质区别：同位语从句解释名词内容（从句与名词等价）；定语从句修饰名词（从句对名词起限定作 用) 2.引导词that的功能差异 -同位语从句：that无意义，不充当成分，不可省略 -The news that our team won the game excited everyone.(that引导同位语从句，解释news内容) 一定语从句：that在从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 -The news that he told me excited everyone.(that在从句中作told的宾语，引导定语从句) 3.先行词特征：同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词(fact/news/idea等)；定语从句的先行词可指人/物/时 间地点等 -Ve have an idea that we should travel to Yunnan.(同位语从句，先行词idea) -We have an idea that sounds great..(定语从句，先行词idea,that作从句主语) 知识点三：名词性从句的时态与语序规则 ·时态一致原则（主句与从句的时态呼应） 1.主句为现在时/将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 -She says that she will go to college next year.(主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时) -I know what he did yesterday.(主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时) 2.主句为过去时，从句通常用过去相关时态（一般过去时/过去进行时/过去完成时/过去将来时） -He told me that he was watching TV at8p.m.(主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时) -She asked if we had finished the project.(主句一般过去时，从句过去完成时) 3.客观真理事实不受主句时态影响，从句用一般现在时 -The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，从句用一般现在时) ·陈述语序规则（所有名词性从句必须用陈述语序） 1.正确结构：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 -Could you tell me where the post office is'?(陈述语序：where+主语the post office+谓语is) -What he is doing now is unknown..(主语从句：what+主语he+谓语is doing) 2.常见错误：误用疑问语序 -十don't know where is the post office.→Idon't know where the post office is.(正t确：陈述语 序) -/hen will he come is not decided.→When he will come is not decided.(正i确：陈述语序) ·虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 1.表示“建议r请求/命令/要求”的词(suggest//require/demand/order等)后的宾语从句用虚拟语气： should+动词原形(should可省略) -The doctor suggested that he(should)rest for a week.(suggest后的宾语从句) -We demand that the meeting(should)be held immediately..(demand后的宾语从句) 2.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气（与现在过去将来事实相反） -I wish I were a bird.(与现在事实相反，be动词用were) -She wishes she had studied harder last term.(与过去事实相反，用过去完成时) 3.Itis+adj.(important/necessary/suggested等)+that从句（主语从句）用虚拟语气：should+ 动词原形 -It is necessary that we(should)protect the environment..(主语从句虚拟语气) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：连接词that与what的用法辨析 ·核心：区分hat(无意义，不充当成分)与what(表“…的内容”，充当主语宾语/表语)在名词性从 句中的功能差异 ·真题1（语法填空）： --he needs most is a good rest -答案：hat解析：从句中needs缺少宾语，应用what表示“他最需要的东西”，在从句中作宾语； that无意义且不充当成分，故不填that。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The fact_he passed the exam made his parents happy. A.that B.what C.which D.how -答案：A解析：从句“he passed the exam”结构完整，不缺少成分，且解释fact的内容，为同位语 从句，用that连接(that无意义，不充当成分)。what需在从句中充当成分，故排除B。 考法二：连接词选择与陈述语序综合考查 ·核心：结合名词性从句的连接词功能（是否充当成分、含义）及陈述语序规则，判断正确选项 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Could you please tell me-the nearest supermarket is?I need to buy some milk. 一答案：where解析：空格引导宾语从句，根据句意“最近的超市在哪里”，需用连接副词where表地 点；从句需用陈述语序“where+主语the nearest supermarket+谓语is”,符合语法规则。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -_he will come to the party depends on his parents'permission. A.If B.What C.Whether D.That -答案：C解析：空格引导主语从句，表“是否”，且位于句首，只能用whether(if不能引导主语从句)； 从句“he will come to the party”为完整陈述语序，符合语法规则。 考法三：名词性从句连接词选择、成分分析及时态综合应用 ·核心：结合从句类型判断连接词功能，分析连接词在从句中充当的成分，同时遵循时态一致与陈述语序 规则 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_he will attend the meeting or not depends on_the project will be completed by Friday. A.If;when B.Whether;if C.Whether;whether D.That;what -答案：C解析：第一空引导主语从句表示“是否”，只能用whether(if不能引导主语从句)；第二空 引导介词on后的宾语从句表示“是否”，只能用whether(if不可用于介词后)。两空均需用whether 表“是否”，符合连接词使用规则。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The teacher told us_(important)what we learn is how we apply it to practice.She also said that she _(help)us whenever we had problems. -答案：that解析：第一空引导宾语从句，从句结构完整（主语是what we learn,.表语是how we apply it to practice),连接词无意义且不充当成分，故用that;would help解析：主句谓语动词said为一般 过去时，宾语从句需用过去相关时态，根据“whenever we had problems'”可知此处表示过去将来的 动作，故用would help(过去将来时)，符合时态一致原则。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 名词性从句解题妙招 连接词选要看成分，缺主宾表用what; 完整不缺用that,是否含义用whether; f不用主从介词后，陈述语序要牢记； 时态一致看主句，过去时态宾从随； 结合语境判功能，连接副词表状地。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1._we need most now is enough time to prepare for the exam. A.That B.What C.Which D.How 2.The news_our school will hold a sports meeting next week is exciting A.that B.what C.when D.where 3.I wonder_he will arrive on time.The traffic is usually heavy at this hour. A.that B.if C.what D.which 4.It is importantwe should learn to manage our time wisely. A.if B.what C.that D.how 5.She asked me_I had seen her keys anywhere. A.that B.what C.whether D.how 6.-he failed the exam surprised everyone in his class. A.What B.That C.Which D.How 7.The problem is _we can solve the environmental issue within a short time. A.that B.if C.whether D.what 8.Could you tell me_the nearest bus stop is?I need to catch the 5:30 bus. A.what B.where C.that D.which 9.I wish I-more attention to English grammar when I was in middle school. A.pay B.paid C.had paid D.would pay 10.The teacher suggested that we_review the new words before the test. A.will B.should C.would D.must 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1._he said at the meeting yesterday made everyone think deeply. 2.I am not sureI can finish the project by Friday. 3.The fact _she won the first prize in the competition is true. 4.Please tell me_you usually get up in the morning. 5._we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. 6.The question iswe should ask for help or try to solve it ourselves. 7.I think_is necessary to learn a second language. 8.She has no idea-her parents will arrive home tonight. 9.The doctor advised _he should take the medicine twice a day. 10.__surprised me most was that he could speak five languages fluently. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It is known to all 1._reading is one of the most effective ways to improve language skills.However, many students wonder 2.-they can get the most out of their reading.Some believe 3.-reading speed is the key,while others think 4.-matters is understanding the main ideas. Experts suggest that 5.-we read,we should focus on both speed and comprehension.For example, when reading a novel,ask yourself 6.-the author wants to express through the story.When studying a textbook,note down 7.-the key points are and review them regularly. Another important thing is to choose books that match your level.If the content is too difficult,you may lose interest;if it is too easy,you will not make progress.The question then becomes 8.-to find the right balance. In fact,9.-makes reading valuable is not just learning new words,but also expanding your horizons. So,remember:10.-you read,make sure it is something that truly interests you. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.B9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.What 2.if/whether 3.that 4.when 5.Whether 6.whether 7.it 8.when 9.that 10.What 演练三：语法填空 1.that 2.how 3.that 4.what 5.when 6.what 7.where 8.how 9.what 10.whatever 语法复习|英语引外研版