非谓语动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语语法的核心模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选 择2-3题、完形填空34题、语法填空23题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子多样性与高级感。在语 境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·非谓语动词形式辨析：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)的构 成与基本区别； ·句法功能应用：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的用法及结构特点，不同功能下的形式选择； ·固定搭配与语境辨析：接不定式或动名词的动词短语固定搭配，结合语境判断非谓语动词的时态（一般 式、完成式)与语态（主动、被动）。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略to) 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 -例句：口To learn English well is important.(作主语)口He wants to go shopping..(作宾语)口Her hobby is to dance.(作表语)☐I have a lot of work to do.(作定语)☐She came here to see me.(作 目的状语)口My mother told me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) ·动名词（动词原形+-ing,具有名词性质） 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 -例句：Swimming is good for health.(作主语)☐He enjoys reading books.(作宾语)Her favorite sport is running.(作表语)口There is a reading room in our school..(作定语) ·分词 -现在分词（动词原形+-ing,表主动、进行） *功能：作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The running boy is my brother..(作定语)口The film is interesting.(作表语)口Nalking in the park,she met an old friend.(作状语)口I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语) 一过去分词（动词原形+-ed,表被动、完成） *功能：作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语 *例句：☐The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语)☐She is interested in music.(作表 语)口Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(作状语)口He had his hair cut yesterday..(作宾 语补足语) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态和语态变化 ·动词不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式（动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生） 一主动语态：to+动词原形 -例句：She hopes to study abroad next year.(希望明年留学，动作在hope之后) -被动语态：tobe+动词过去分词 -例句：The work is to be finished by Friday.(工作将在周五前被完成) 2.进行式（动作与谓语动作同时进行） -主动语态：tobe+动词现在分词 -例句：He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.(妈妈进来时，他假装正在看书) 3.完成式（动作在谓语动作之前发生） -主动语态：to have+动词过去分词 -例句：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(抱歉让你久等了，keep发生在sory之前) -被动语态：to have been+动词过去分词 -例句：The thief is said to have been caught by the police.(据说小偷已经被警察抓住了) ·动名词的时态和语态 1.一般式（动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生） -主动语态：动词-ing形式 -例句：She enjoys listening to music.(听音乐与enjoy同时发生) -被动语态：being+动词过去分词 -例句：He hates being laughed at in public.(讨厌在公共场合被嘲笑) 2.完成式（动作在谓语动作之前发生） -主动语态：having+动词过去分词 -例句：Having finished homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后才出去玩，finish在went之前) -被动语态：having been+动词过去分词 -例句：Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.(被告知多次，仍犯同样错 误，tell在made之前) ·分词的时态和语态补充 1.现在分词的完成式（强调动作先于谓语动作完成） -结构：having+动词过去分词（主动）/having been+动词过去分词（被动） 一例句： *口Having lived in Beijing for10 years,he knows the city well..(主动，住北京10年后熟知城市) *口Having been invited to the party,she felt very excited.(被动，被邀请参加派对后感到兴奋) 2.过去分词的语态固定性（只表被动或完成，无时态变化） -说明：过去分词本身已含被动或完成意义，无需额外变化 一例句： *口The problem discussed yesterday is very important.(discussed表被动且动作已完成，修饰 problem） *口Given more time,we could have done it better..(Given表被动“被给予”，动作先于谓语could have done) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点三：非谓语动词的句法功能对比及易错点辨析 ·作定语时的区别 1.不定式（表将来未完成） 2.例句：I have a letter to write tonight.(今晚要写的信，动作未发生) 3.现在分词（表主动/进行） 4.例句：The girl reading a book is my sister.(正在读书的女孩，主动且动作持续) 5.过去分词（表被动/完成） 6.例句：The novel written by Lu Xun is a classic.(鲁迅写的小说，被动且已完成) ·作状语时的区别 1.不定式（目的/结果原因） -目的：She stayed up late to finish the report..(为了完成报告熬夜) -结果（意外）：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(匆忙到车站却发现火车已开 走) -原因：'m glad to hear the good news.(因听到好消息而高兴) 2.现在分词（主动/伴随/时间） -伴随：He walked down the street,,singing happily.(边走边唱，主动伴随) -时间：Seeing the photo,she couldn’t help crying.(看到照片时忍不住哭了，动作同时发生) 3.过去分词（被动/条件）》 -条件：Given another chance,I will try my best.(若再给一次机会，我会尽全力，被动条件) ·高频易错点对比 1.to do vs doing作宾语 -forget to do(忘记去做)：Don’t forget to lock the door..(记得去锁门，未做) -forget doing(忘记做过)：I forget locking the door..(不记得已锁过门，已做) -stop to do(停下做另一件事)：He stopped to talk with me.(停下手中事来和我说话) -stop doing(停止正在做的事)：He stopped smoking last year.(去年戒烟，停止做) 2.现在分词s过去分词作表语 -现在分词（物特征）：The movie is exciting.(电影令人兴奋) -过去分词（人感受）：We are excited about the movie.(我们对电影感到兴奋) 3.独立主格结构（逻辑主语+非谓语） -名词+现在分词：Neather permitting,we will go hiking.(天气允许的话，我们去远足，主动) -名词+过去分词：The work finished,.they went home.(工作完成后他们回家了，被动) ·高考真题改编练习（单选） 1.-the project in time,the staff were working at weekends. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To complete D.Completed (答案：C解析：不定式表目的“为了及时完成项目”) 2.The girlin red is my deskmate. A.dressing B.dressed C.to dress D.dress (答案：B解析：过去分词作定语表被动“穿着红衣服的女孩”) 3.I regret__you that your application has been rejected. A.telling B.to tell C.told D.having told (答案：B解析：regret to do表“遗憾地告知”，未发生动作) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：非谓语动词作定语辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动作的关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（将来进行完成），选择不定式、 现在分词或过去分词作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is very important for our company. -答案：to be held解析：由时间标志词“tom orrow”可知动作未发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系， 用不定式被动式to be held表将来被动。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Look!The boy_(run)on the playground is my best friend. A.run B.running C.ran D.to run -答案：B解析：句中“Look!”提示动作正在进行，boy与run为主动关系，用现在分词running作定 语表主动进行。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语的时态与语态综合判断 ·核心：结合被修饰词与非谓语动作的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（同时/先后），选择正确的 非谓语形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The books_(write)by Mo Yan are popular among teenagers. -答案：written解析：books与write为被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词作定语表被动和完成。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -We are looking forward to the_(come)sports meeting A.come B.coming C.to come D.came -答案：B解析：meeting与come为主动关系，且表示“即将到来的”，用动名词的一般式作定语表主 动和将来。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用与时态语态辨析 ·核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词的类型（不定式动名词/分词）、时态（一般式/进行式完成式）及语态 (主动/被动)，综合运用三大知识点解决复杂语法问题。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the homework,he went to bed,only_he had left his textbook in the classroom. A.Finishing;finding B.Having finished;to find C.To finish;found D.Finished;finding 一答案：B解析：第一空“完成作业”发生在“去睡觉”之前，表主动完成，用现在分词完成式Hig finished;第二空“only+不定式”表意外结果，用to find。. ·真题2（语法填空）： -The children pretended _(read)when their teacher came in,but the teacher noticed them_(talk) secretly. -答案：to be reading;talking解析：第一空“假装正在读书”，动作与谓语pretended同时进行，用不 定式进行式to be reading;第二空“注意到他们正在秘密交谈”，表主动进行，用现在分词talking作 宾补。 解题小妙招 ·非谓作定妙招 ·先看被饰词关系，主动被动先分明； ·被动完成用过去，主动进行现分跟； ·将来被动不定式，to be done要记清； ·将来主动看搭配，coming表将最常用。 ·非谓综合妙招 ·非谓类型先确定，时态语态再细分； ·先后关系看动作，完成要用having done; ·假装进行不定式，to be doing表正在； ·感官动词接宾补，主动进行现分跟； ·only意外结果出，不定式结构要记准。 语法复习|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.-the novel,she couldn't help crying at the sad ending. A.Read B.Reading C.Toread D.Having read 2.The teacher told us-noise in the library. A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.don't make 3.He pretended__when his parents entered the room. A.to study B.studying C.to be studying D.having studied 4.by the beautiful scenery,the visitors decided to stay another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted 5.Remember_the lights before leaving the classroom. A.turning off B.to turn off C.turned off D.turn off 6.The problem__at the meeting yesterday is still under discussion. A.being raised B.raising C.to be raised D.raised 7._English well,we need to practice speaking every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.Tolearn D.Learned 8.She is said_abroad for three years,but I don't know when she will return. A.to study B.to be studying C.to have studied D.studying 9.The girlin the corner is my sister. A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to seat 10.He stopped_a rest after working for two hours. A.having B.to have C.have D.had 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I expect_(meet)you at the airport tomorrow. 2.(finish)his homework,Tom went out to play basketball. 3.The machine needs_(repair)as soon as possible 4.She was heard _(sing)an English song in the next room. 5.-(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 6.The students are busy(prepare)for the coming exam. 7.It's important for us_(learn)from mistakes. 8._(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a big garden. 9.He is said_(win)the first prize in the competition last week.