定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语法类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的选择、定语从句的限制性与非限制性区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选用：关系代词(that which who whom whose)、关系副词(when where why)的指代对象与句 法功能辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及引导词选用规则(hat不可用于非限定 性从句)； ·特殊用法：介词+关系代词结构（如by which for whom)、as引导的固定句式（如as is known)、分隔 式定语从句的识别与处理。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 ·基本构成（修饰名词代词，由关系词引导） 一核心结构：先行词（被修饰的名词代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句，在从句中作成分） -关系词类型：关系代词(who/whom/whose/which/.that)、关系副词(when/where/why) -例句：口This is the girl who helped me yesterday.(先行词the girl,关系代词ho在从句中作主语) 口I visited the city where my father was born.(先行词the city,关系副词where在从句中作地点状 语)》 ·限制性定语从句（不可省略，明确先行词范围） 一功能：缩小先行词的所指范围，与先行词关系密切 -例句：口Students who study hard will pass the exam.(限定students的范围，仅指“努力学习的学 生”)口This is the book that I bought last week.(限定book的范围，特指“上周买的那本”) ·非限制性定语从句（可省略，补充说明先行词） -标志：用逗号与主句隔开，不能用that引导 -例句：口ly brother,,who is a doctor,,works in Beijing.(补充说明my brother的职业，去掉后主句仍 完整)口We visited Paris,which is the capital of France..(补充说明Paris的属性，逗号隔开) ·关系代词的用法区别 -指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定语，表所属)→例句：口The woman whom you met is my teacher.(whom作宾语)☐He has a friend whose father is a lawyer..(whose作定语) -指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物，限制定语从句中)→例句：口The pen which I lost yesterday was found.(which指物，作宾语)This is the best film that I have ever seen.(that指 物，限制定语从句中) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句构成】在句子"This is the boy-helped me.”中，先行词是一，关系词在从句中作。 2.【限制性与非限制性定语从句】判断："My sister,,who is a teacher,lives in Shanghai.”是（填“限制性” 或“非限制性”)，理由是一。 3.【关系代词选用】选择合适的关系词：The girl_hair is black is my classmate. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.【关系代词用法】指物且在限制定语从句中作宾语时，可使用的关系词有一（写出两个）。 5.【非限制性定语从句】非限制性定语从句中，不能使用的关系词是一，指代物时常用一。 语法复习|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法及易错点 ·关系代词的省略规则（限制定语从句中） 1.省略条件 -关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略→例句：口The book(which/that)you lent me is interesting. (which/that作宾语，可省略)☐The girl(whom/who/that)he likes is very kind.(whom/who/that作 宾语，可省略) 2.不可省略情况 -关系代词作主语、定语(whose)或在非限制性定语从句中→例句：口The student who is talking is our monitor.(who作主语，不可省略)☐This is the house whose windows are broken.(whose 作定语，不可省略) ·只能用that的特殊情况（限制定语从句） 1.先行词被最高级、序数词修饰→例句：口This is the first lesson that I learned.(序数词first修饰先 行词lesson)口She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.(最高级most beautiful修饰先 行词girl) 2.先行词被al,any,every,no,some,little,few等不定代词修饰→例句：口I have read all the books that you gave me.(不定代词a修饰先行词books)口There is no person that can help you.(不定 代词no修饰先行词person) 3.先行词既指人又指物→例句：口e talked about the teachers and schools that we visited.(先行词 the teachers and schools既指人又指物) ·关系副词与介词+关系代词的转换 1.when=介词+which→例句：☐I will never forget the day when I met her..=I will never forget the day on which I met her.(on which代替when,指具体某一天用介词on) 2.where=介个词+which例句：☐This is the factory where my father works.=This is the factory in hich my father works..(in which代替where,“在工厂里”用介词in) 3.why=介词+which→例句：Can you tell me the reason why you were late？=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late？(for which代替why,“.…的原因”用介词for) ·as引导的定语从句（固定搭配及非限制性定语从句） 1.such.as.…(像…这样的)→例句：口This is such a beautiful city as|have never seen.(as引导 定语从句，指物，作宾语) 2.the same.…as.(和一样的)→例句：口i want to buy the same pen as you have..(as引导定 语从句，指物，作宾语) 3.非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容→例句：☐He failed the exam,as was expected.(as指 代主句“他考试不及格”这件事，“正如预料的那样”) ·分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） 1.识别特征 -先行词与关系词之间有插入语或其他修饰成分→例句：口The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(先行词the days与关系副词when被are gone隔开)☐I met a girl in the park who was from America.(先行词a girl与关系代词who被in the park隔开) 知识点三：定语从句与其他从句的区分及综合运用 ·定语从句与同位语从句的区分 1.本质区别 -定语从句：修饰先行词，对其进行限定或补充说明→例句：The news that he told me is true.(从 句修饰news,说明“他告诉我的消息”) 一同位语从句：解释说明先行词的具体内容，先行词多为抽象名词(news,fact,idea等)→例句： The news that he won the game is true.(从句解释news的内容，即“他赢得比赛这件事) 2.引导词差异 -定语从句中hat在从句中作成分（主/宾），同位语从句中that仅起连接作用，不充当成分→例句： 口This is the fact that we need to face.(定语从句，that作宾语)口I have no idea that she will come.(同位语从句，that不充当成分) ·定语从句与状语从句的区分 1.功能不同 -定语从句：修饰名词代词，作主句的定语→例句：I like the place where the air is fresh.(where 引导定语从句，修饰place) -状语从句：修饰动词、形容词或整个主句，表时间、地点、原因等→例句：I like to stay where the air is fresh.(where引导地点状语从句，修饰动词stay) 2.先行词有无 -定语从句有先行词（被修饰的名词/代词），状语从句无先行词→例句：·The time when we met was rainy.(定语从句，先行词time)When we met,it was rainy..(时间状语从句，无先行词) ·综合运用：多重复合句中的定语从句 1.嵌套定语从句（一个句子中含多个定语从句）→例句：This is the museum which we visited last year where many ancient paintings are displayed.(第一个which引导定语从句修饰museum,第二个 where引导定语从句修饰museum) 2.与其他从句结合→例句：She told me a story that made me laugh which happened when she was young.(that引导定语从句修饰story,which引导非限制性定语从句修饰story,when引导时间状语 从句) ·高考真题改编练习（单选） 1.The village_we visited last month is where my grandparents lived. A.which B.where C.who D.whose 2.I still remember the day_we first met,_changed my life. A.when which B.that that C.which when D.where which 3.This is the best novelI have readwas written by a teenager. A.which that B.that which C.that who D.which which ·易错点辨析 1.混淆关系代词与关系副词的用法： -This is the village that was born→This is the village where I was born.(先行词village表t地 点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where) -1 don't know the reason which he left early.-I don't know the reason why he left early. 词reason表原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，用why) 2.非限制性定语从句误用that: -Mly father,,that is a worker,Hlikes fishing.→My father,,who is a worker,likes fishing.(非限制性 定语从句中不能用that,指人用who) 3.介词+关系代词结构中介词误用： -The day at which met her was sunny:.→The day on which I met her was sunny.(具体某-天 用介词on) 语法复习|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 ·核心：根据先行词的性质及关系词在从句中的成分，区分使用关系代词(who/whom/whose/which/that) 或关系副词(when/where/why) ·真题1（语法填空）： -I will never forget the city _I spent my childhood. -答案：where解析：先行词the city为地点名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。. ·真题2（完形填空）： -The girl_is standing at the door is my sister. A.who B.whom C.whose D.where -答案：A解析：先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的辨析及转换 ·核心：根据先行词类型及关系词在从句中的成分，区分关系代词(who/which/that等)与关系副词 (when/where/why)的用法，并掌握关系副词与“介词+关系代词”的转换规则 ·真题1（语法填空）： The parkwe had a picnic last Sunday is near the river. -答案：where解析：先行词为“the park”(地点名词)，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where;也可转换为“in which”,即“The park in which we had a picnic last Sunday is near the river'”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I will never forget the year_I studied abroad,_changed my view of the world. A.when which B.that which C.which when D.where that -答案：A解析：第一空先行词为“the year”(时间名词)，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词 when;第二空为非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，用关系代词which。 考法三：多重复合句中定语从句与其他从句的综合辨析及关系词选择 ·核心：结合定语从句的构成分类、特殊用法及与其他从句的区分，在多重复合句中准确判断定语从句类 型、识别先行词、选择合适的关系词，并区分定语从句与同位语从句、状语从句的差异。 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The story_my mother told mehappened in a small town_there were many old streets changed my view on life A.which which where B.that that which C.who which when D.whose that where -答案：A解析：第一个空，先行词“the story'”指物，在定语从句“my mother told me”中作宾语，可 用which或that,结合选项选which;第二个空，引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“the story'”,且 在从句中作主语，指物，用which;第三个空，先行词“a small town”指地点，在定语从句中作地点 状语，用where,所以选A。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -I will never forget the day_we first met in the park_has many beautiful flowers,_(change)my life completely. -答案：when which changing解析：第一个空，先行词“the day”指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语， 用when;第二个空，先行词“the park'”指物，在定语从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，用 which;第三个空，前面有逗号，且无连接词，此处应用非谓语动词，“change”与前面整个句子为主 动关系，用现在分词changing作结果状语。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 关系代词与副词，先看先行词性质； 人用who whom whose,物用which that替； 关系副词三兄弟，when where why牢记； 时间用when作状语，地点where不能替； reason之后常用why,从句成分是关键； 关系副词可转换，介词加which要牢记； 多重复句看结构，定从不重找先行； 同位语从句表内容，that不省要分清； 状语从句表状态，主句从句互独立； 非限制定语从句，which指代整句义； 最后检查关系词，成分搭配要合理。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the hospital_my grandmother was treated last year. A.which B.where C.who D.whose 2.I still remember the moment_I received the admission letter from my dream university. A.when B.that C.which D.what 3.The girl-hair is red won the first prize in the singing competition. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.This is the most interesting book_I have ever read in my life. A.which B.that C.what D.who 5.We visited the village_many historical buildings are well preserved,-left a deep impression on us. A.where which B.that which C.which where D.where where 6.He failed the exam,-was unexpected because he had studied very hard. A.that B.which C.who D.where 7.The teacher with_we discussed the problem yesterday is very experienced. A.whom B.who C.which D.that 8.There is no student in our class_can solve this difficult math problem alone. A.whom B.which C.who D.what 9.I like the song_you sang at the party,_melody is very beautiful. A.which its B.that which C.who whose D.which whose 10.The reason_he was late for school is_his bike broke down on the way. A.why that B.that why C.which that D.where which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man-you met at the station is my uncle. 2.This is the house Lu Xun once lived. 3.She told me a story_made me laugh for hours. 4.The girlbrother is a doctor studies very hard. 5.I will never forget the day_we graduated from high school. 6.This is the first time_I have traveled abroad alone. 7.The book_cover is blue was written by Mo Yan. 8.We visited the museum_many ancient artifacts are displayed. 9.He gave me a pen_I lost yesterday. 10.The city_I was born has changed a lot in recent years. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last summer,I went to a small town_(1)my grandparents used to live.The town,_(2)is surrounded by green mountains,has a history of over 200 years.I stayed in the house_(3)my father grew up, _(4)walls are covered with old photos.Every morning,I walked along the street(5)there are many traditional shops.One day,I met an old man_(6)told me stories about the town's past.He showed me a diary_(7)was written by his grandfather in the 1950s.The diary,_(8)described daily life at that time,made me realize how hard life was then.I also visited a school_(9)my mother studied as a child. The principal,_(10)has worked there for 30 years,told me the school would hold a celebration for its 100th anniversary next year. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.(whom/who/that)2.where 3.which/that 4.whose 5.when 6.that 7.whose 8.where 9.(which/that)10.where 演练三：语法填空 1.where 2.which 3.where 4.whose 5.where 6.who/that 7.which/that 8.which 9.where 10.who 语法复习|英语|外研版