主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1主谓一致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子语法正确性与表达准确 性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法一致原则：主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数（如可数名词单 复数、不可数名词作主语)； ·意义一致原则：集合名词（如family,,class,team)根据语境表示整体或成员时的谓语单复数选择； ·就近一致原则：由or,either..or.,neither...nor.,not only.but also..等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与 最近的主语保持一致。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则及应用场景 ·1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） -单数主语（第三人称单数不可数名词/单数代词）→谓语用单数(+ses) -例句：口She plays basketball every weekend.(第三人称单数主语She,谓语用plays)口Nater boils at100D.(不可数名词Nater作主语，谓语用boils) -复数主语（名词复数复数代词/并列主语）→谓语用复数（原形） -例句：口They study hard for the exam.(复数代词They作主语，谓语用study)Tom and Jerry are good friends.(并列主语Tom and Jerry,谓语用are) ·2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） -集合名词表整体（视为单数）→谓语单数；表成员（视为复数）→谓语复数 -例句：☐The class is on the second floor.(class表整体“班级”，谓语用is)☐The class are having a discussion.(class表成员“同学们”，谓语用are) 一单复数同形名词（根据语境判断意义） -例句：口The sheep is eating grass..(单数意义“一只羊”，谓语用is)口The sheep are running on the hill训.(复数意义“多只羊”，谓语用are) ·3.就近一致原则（并列主语中，谓语与最近主语保持一致） -常见结构：either..or../neither.nor../not only.but also../there be句型 -例句：口Either you or he has to clean the room.(最近主语he为单数，谓语用has)口There is a pen and two books on the desk.(最近主语apen为单数，谓语用is) ·4.特殊主语的主谓一致 -不定代词作主语(everyone/everything/someone等视为单数；both/few/many视为复数) -例句：☐Everyone in the team works hard.(不定代词everyone作主语，谓语用works)口Both of them like swimming.(不定代词both作主语，谓语用Iike) 一时间/距离金钱等复数名词表整体概念（视为单数） -例句：Three hours is enough for the task..(“三小时”表整体时间，谓语用is) 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致原则】Water_(boi)at100口.请填写正确的谓语形式。 2.【意义一致原则】The family_(be)having dinner together..(强调家庭成员)请填写正确的be动词形 式。 3.【就近一致原则】Neither my sister nor I_(like)playing chess.请填写正确的谓语形式。 A.like B.likes C.is like D.are like 4.【特殊主语主谓一致】Three days_(be)too short for the trip.请填写正确的be动词形式。 5.【不定代词作主语】Everyone in the class_(want)to join the English club.请填写正确的谓语形式。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及分类 ·1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、主动) 1.基本功能及标志 -功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语（目的/结果）、宾语补足语 -标志词：to+动词原形（否定式在to前加not,即not to do) 2.作主语 -结构：To do sth.+谓语（单数）/Itis+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式主语) 一例句： -口To learn English well is important.(直接作主语，谓语用is) -口It is necessary to finish homework on time.(it作形式主语，真正主语是to finish homework) 3.作宾语 -结构：主语+及物动词(want/hope/decide/plan等)+to do sth. 一例句： -口She wants to buy a new bike.(want后接to buy作宾语) -口They plan to visit the museum next Sunday..(plan后接to visit作宾语) 4.作目的状语 -结构：To do sth,主语+谓语./主语+谓语..to do sth, 一例句： -口To catch the early bus,he gets up at6a.m.(句首表目的，用逗号隔开) -·Ne study hard to get good grades.(句末表目的，无逗号) ·2.动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) 1.基本功能及标志 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语（修饰名词表用途） -标志词：动词原形+ing(否定式在doing前加not) 2.作主语 -结构：Doing sth.+谓语（单数）Itis+adj.+doing sth.(it作形式主语) 一例句： -口Swimming is good for health.(直接作主语，谓语用is) -口It is fun playing computer games.(it作形式主语，真正主语是playing games) 3.作宾语 -结构：主语+及物动词(enjoy/finish/mind/practice/avoid等)+doing sth, 一例句： -口He enjoys listening to music.(enjoy后接listening作宾语) -·They finished cleaning the room just now.(finish后接cleaning作宾语) 4.作定语 -结构：doing+名词（表被修饰名词的用途或动作） 一例句： -口a reading room(阅览室，reading表用途“用于阅读的”) -口a walking stick(拐杖，walking表用途“用于行走的") ·3.分词（现在分词doing过去分词done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成） 1.现在分词(doing)(主动、进行) 一功能：作定语（前置后置）、状语（时间原因伴随）、宾语补足语 一例句： -口The running boy is my brother.(前置定语，running表主动“正在跑的") -I saw her dancing in the park.(宾语补足语，dancing表主动“正在跳舞”) -口alking in the street,,I met an old friend.(伴随状语，表主动“我走路时”) 2.过去分词(done)(被动、完成) 一功能：作定语（前置后置）、状语（时间原因/条件）、宾语补足语 -例句： -口The broken window needs repairing.(前置定语，broken表被动“被打破的") -口Seen from the hil,the city looks beautiful.(时间状语，表被动“城市被看”) -I had my hair cut yesterday.(宾语补足语，cut表被动“头发被剪") ·4.分词作状语的区别（现在分词s过去分词）》 一逻辑关系判断 *现在分词：主语与分词动作是主动关系（主语是动作执行者） *过去分词：主语与分词动作是被动关系（主语是动作承受者） *例句对比： *口Hearing the news,she cried.(主动：she主动“听到”消息) *☐Heard the news,she cried.(错误，应为Heard→Hearing) *口Encouraged by the teacher,he worked harder.(被动：he被动“被鼓励") *Encouraging by the teacher,,he worked harder.(错误，应为Encouraging→Encouraged) 知识点三：主谓一致特殊情况及易错点解析 ·1.分数百分数作主语的主谓一致（高中重点） -规则：分数百分数+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词单复数一致 一例句： -☐Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water为不可数名词，谓语用is) -Three fourths of the students are from the city.(students为复数名词，谓语用are) -☐50%of the work has been finished.(work为不可数名词，谓语用has) ·2.并列主语的特殊情况（高中易错） -口主语后接with/together with/along with时，谓语与前面主语一致 -例句：Tom with his parents goes to the park every Sunday..(主语Tom为单数，谓语用goes) -口不定代词each/every/no修饰并列名词作主语时，视为单数 -例句：Each boy and each girl was given a gift.(each修饰并列名词，谓语用was) -口"the+形容词”表一类人时，视为复数；表抽象概念时，视为单数 -例句：口The old are taken good care of in our society.(表一类人，谓语用are)口The beautiful is not always the same as the good.(表抽象概念，谓语用is) ·3.定语从句中的主谓一致（高考高频） -口先行词为onef+复数名词时，从句谓语用复数 -例句：He is one of the students who are good at math.(先行词students为复数，从句谓语用are) -口先行词为the only one of+复数名词时，从句谓语用单数 -例句：He is the only one of the students who is good at math.(the only one强调唯一，从句谓语用 is) ·4.特殊句式中的主谓一致（高考难点） -·"there be”句型中，be动词与最近名词一致 -例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.(最近名词a book为单数，用is) 一·"here/there+谓语+主语”倒装句中，谓语与主语一致 -例句：Here comes the bus.(主语bus为单数，谓语用comes) -口”wht引导的主语从句”作主语时，谓语根据表语/从句意义判断 -例句：hat he needs is a new computer..(表语a new computer为单数，谓语用is) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：主谓一致基本原则应用 ·核心：根据主语单复数、意义或就近原列，判断谓语动词的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The police_(search)for the missing child all night.They haven't found him yet. 一答案：are searching解析：police为集合名词，表“警察们”时视为复数，结合语境“整晚正在搜寻”， 用现在进行时，be动词用are,search用现在分词形式。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -Neither my brother nor I__interested in playing football. A.am B.is C.are D.be -答案：A解析：neither..nor..遵循就近一致原则，最近主语为l,be动词用am。 考法二：非谓语动词与主谓一致结合 ·核心：判断非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致关系，结合非谓语动词的基本用法确定正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(learn)English well requires patience and practice. -答案：Learning解析：此处需用动名词作主语，动名词短语作主语时谓语用单数，"requires”为单数 谓语，故填Learning。 ·真题2（单项选择）： To finish the project on time_necessary for us to work extra hours. A.is B.are C.was D.were -答案：A解析：动词不定式短语"To finish the project'”作主语，谓语用单数；句子陈述客观事实，用一 般现在时，故选A。 考法三：非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致及逻辑关系判断 ·核心：结合非谓语动词（不定式动名词）作主语时的主谓一致规侧，同时判断分词作状语时与主语的逻 辑关系（主动/被动） ·真题1（单项选择）： -_English well requires hard work,and-by the teacher's words,many students have made progress A.Learning;encouraging B.To learn;encouraged C.Learn;being encouraged D.Learning;encouraged -答案：D解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作主语，Learn为动词原形不能作主语，排除C;To learn和 Learning均可作主语且谓语用单数(requires),符合语法一致原则；第二空考查分词作状语，主 语"many students”与”encourage”是被动关系（被老师的话鼓励），需用过去分词encouraged,A项 encouraging表主动，B项to learn不能作状语，故选D。 ·真题2（语法填空）： It is important_(master)basic grammar rules,but_(spend)too much time on memorizing without practice is not wise.What's more,-(inspire)by real-life communication,students will find learning more interesting. -答案：to master spending Inspired解析：第一空考查"ltis+adj.+to do sth.”结构，it作形式主语，用 to master;第二空缺少主语，spend需用动名词spending作主语，且谓语"is”为单数，符合语法一致 原则；第三空”students”与"inspire”是被动关系，用过去分词Inspired作状语。 语法复习|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Each student and each teacherto attend the meeting tomorrow. A.ask B.asks C.are asked D.is asked 2.Three hours_enough for us to finish the task. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Neither the students nor the teacher_aware of the problem. A.is B.are C.were D.have been 4.in the morning is good for health. A.Run B.Running C.To run D.Ran 5.The number of books in the library_increasing every year. A.is B.are C.have D.were 6.To learn a foreign language welltime and effort. A.need B.needs C.are needing D.is needed 7.Tom with his classmates often_basketball after school. A.play B.plays C.are playing D.have played 8.by the story,many children began to read more books. A.Inspired B.Inspiring C.To inspire D.Inspire 9.Two thirds of the land_covered with trees. A.is B.are C.have D.has 10.What he said_true,but we need more evidence. A.seem B.seems C.is seeming D.are seeming 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The police_(search)for the thief when the accident happened. 2.To_(solve)this problem requires teamwork and creativity. 3.Neither you nor your brother_(be)right about the answer. 4._(collect)stamps is one of his favorite hobbies. 5.Three fourths of the work_(finish)so far. 6.The old_(take)good care of in our community. 7.What we need_(be)more practice rather than theory. 8._(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful. 9.Each boy and each girl_(give)a new dictionary last week. 10.To_(arrive)on time,we should leave early tomorrow. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。* -(learn)a second language is challenging but rewarding.Many students find that_(memorize)vocab- ulary lists alone is not enough.Instead,-(communicate)with native speakers helps improve fluency. Statistics show that 70%of students who practice daily-(make)rapid progress.However,_(discourage) by mistakes often leads to giving up early.Teachers suggest that _(set)small goals is more effective than aiming for perfection. _(read)English novels and watching movies are also useful methods.It_(surprise)many learners how quickly their skills improve with consistent practice. _(inspire)by successful learners,more students now_(devote)time to language exchange activities. Remember:-(master)a language takes time,but the results are worth it. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.D2.A3.A4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.A10.B 演练二：填空 1.were searching 2.solve 3.is 4.Collecting 5.has been finished 6.are taken 7.is 8.Seen 9.was given 10.arrive 演练三：语法填空 1.Learning 2.memorizing 3.communicating 4.make 5.being discouraged 6.setting 7.Reading 8.surprises 9.Inspired 10.devote 11.mastering 语法复习|英语|外研版