外研版高中英语动词短语系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（外研版） Chapter1动词短语系统复习 考频分析 动词短语是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 2-3题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子搭配的准确性与表达的丰 富性。在语境理解类题目中，动词短语的固定搭配、语义辨析及语境应用往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对动词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖固定搭配与语境应用： ·动词短语分类与语义辨析：动词+副词（如give up、put away)、动词+介词（如look for、depend on)、 动词+副词+介词（如come up with、look forward to)的结构特点与多义现象； ·动词短语语境应用：结合时态、语态及非谓语动词的综合运用（如have sth.done、get used to doing), 在阅读理解、完形填空及书面表达中的情境匹配； ·动词短语固定搭配与同义替换：高频动词短语（如take place、make up)的习惯用法，以及不同短语表 达相同含义的灵活转换（如put off与delay、turn down与refuse)o 精讲精练 知识点一：动词短语的构成及分类 ·动词+副词（副词可表动作方向、程度等） -常见短语：give up(放弃)、put on(穿上)、take off(脱下/起飞)、turn down(调小V拒绝) -例句：She gave up smoking last year..(up表动作完成)口Please put on your coat;it's cold outside, (on表动作方向) ·动词+介词（后必须接宾语，构成动宾关系） -常见短语：look for(寻找)、listen to(听)、depend on(依靠)、care about(关心) -例句：口I'm looking for my lost keys.(forl出动作对象)口They always care about their children's education.(about Sl出关心内容) ·动词+副词+介词（短语整体相当于及物动词，后接宾语） -常见短语：come up with(提出)、look forward to(期待)、catch up with(赶上)、get along with(与 …相处) -例句：☐He came up with a good idea at the meeting.(with Sl出动作结果)☐We are looking forward to the summer holiday.(tol出期待对象) ·动词+名词+介词（名词多为动作对象或工具） -常见短语：take care of(照顾)、make use of(利用)、pay attention to(注意)、lose sight of(看不见) -例句：口You should take care of your younger sister.(care为名词核心，ofl出照顾对象)口We must make good use of our time.(use为名词核心，ofl出利用对象) ·系动词+形容词+介词（构成固定搭配，表状态或特征） -常见短语：be interested in(对…感兴趣)、be good at(擅长)、be afraid of(害怕)、be proud of (为…自豪) -例句：☐She is interested in painting.(interested为形容词，inl出感兴趣的领域)口ly brother is good at playing basketball..(good为形容词，at引出擅长的活动) 【即学即练】 1.【动词短语分类】"look forward to”属于什么类型的动词短语？ A.动词+副词 B.动词+介词 C.动词+副词+介词 D.动词+名词+介词 2.【动词短语搭配】请写出”pay attention to”的正确用法：其后接一（动词原形/动名词） 3.【动词短语语义辨析】"turn down”在句子"She turned down his invitation.”中的含义是？ A.调小 B.拒绝 C.关掉 D.转身 4.【动词短语语境应用】选择合适的短语填空：She_a new idea for the project yesterday. A.came up with B.looked forward to C.took care of D.was interested in 5.【动词短语结构】动词+介词结构的特点是：介词后一（必须/不必）接宾语。 高中|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、未完成) 1.基本功能 -作主语(To learn English well is important..)、作宾语(She wants to go shopping.)、入作状语(He came here to see you.表目的)、作定语(I have a book to read.表未完成) 2.否定形式 -结构：not+todo 一例句： *My mother told me not to play in the street.(not to play作宾语补足语) *lt's wrong not to help others.(not to help作主语) 3.省略to的情况 -常见动词：make(使)let(让)、have(使)、see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)（主动语 态中省略to,被动语态需还原to)》 一例句： *The teacher made him stand for an hour.(主动语态，省略to,stand作宾语补足语) *He was made to stand for an hour by the teacher..(被动语态，还原to,to stand作主语补足语) ·动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象慨念) 1.基本功能 -作主语(Swimming is good exercise.)、作宾语(I enjoy listening to music..)、作表语(Her hobby is painting.)、作定语(a reading room阅览室，表用途) 2.否定形式 -结构：not+doing 一例句： *He apologized for not coming on time.(not coming作介词for的宾语) *Not knowing the answer,he kept silent.(not knowing作原因状语) 3.常见接动名词的动词短语 -enjoy(喜欢)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)、finish(完成)、give up(放弃)、be used to(习惯 于)、look forward to(期待) 一例句： They practice speaking English every morning.(practice speaking) *She is looking forward to seeing her parents.(to为介词，后接seeing) ·现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(作定语、状语、补足语) 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -作定语：a running boy(正在跑的男孩，主动关系)、作状语：Valking in the park,she met an old friend.(表伴随，主动)、作补足语：I saw him playing basketball..(正在进行，主动) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） -作定语：a broken cup(破碎的杯子，被动/完成)、作状语：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.. (表条件，被动)、作补足语：He had his hair cut yesterday.(cut与hair为被动关系) 3.区别对比 -例句： *The girl singing in the room is my sister.(singing与girl是主动关系，正在进行) *The song sung by her is very popular.(ung与song是被动关系，已完成) *I heard her singing a song.(singing表主动、进行) *I heard the song sung by her.(sung表被动、完成) ·非谓语动词作状语的区别 1.不定式作状语（目的、结果、原因） -目的状语：Ne study hard to get good grades.(to get表目的) -结果状语：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(only to do表意外结果) 2.分词作状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随） -时间状语：hen walking along the street,.I found a wallet.(Nalking=When I was walking) -原因状语：Being ill,,he didn't go to school..(Being ill=-Because he was ill)) -条件状语：Given more time,we can finish the work better..(Given=:If we are given) 知识点三：动词时态与语态 ·一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 一基本结构： *主语（非三单）+动词原形→例句：They play football every Sunday. *主语（三单）+动词三单形式(sles)→例句：She studies English at school. *否定/疑问：借助助动词do/does→例句：He doesn't like coffee.Do you go to school by bike? -常考时间标志：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day(每天) -例句：The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，用一般现在时) ·一般过去时（表过去某时发生的动作或状态） 一基本结构 *主语+动词过去式→例句：I visited the Great Wall last year. *否定/疑问：借助助动词did→例句：She didn't watch TV yesterday..Did they go to the park? -常考时间标志：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、in2020(在2020年)、just now(刚才) -例句：He was born in2005.(过去状态，用一般过去时) ·现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在） 一基本结构： *主语+have/has+动词过去分词，例句：Ne have lived here for10 years, *否定/疑i问：借助have/has→例句：She hasn't finished her homework.Have you ever been to Beijing? -常考时间标志：already(已经)、yet(还)、since(自从)、for(持续)、so far(到目前为止) -例句：I have just eaten lunch.(过去动作“吃”对现在的影响“不饿”) ·被动语态（强调动作承受者，由“be+过去分词”构成） 一一般现在时被动：amlis/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken all over the world. -一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written by Tom yesterday. -情态动词被动：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This work must be finished today. 一主动变被动技巧： *原句宾语变主语→例句：They built the house in2010.→The house was built in2010. *动词变为“be+过去分词”→例句：She cleans the room every day..→The room is cleaned every day. 高中|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（外研版） 考法一：动词短语辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断动词短语的结构及含义，区分不同类型短语的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： She often_(look for)her keys everywhere,but she can never find them. 一答案：looks for解析：短语look for'”为“动词+介词”结构，后需接宾语；由“oten”可知用一般 现在时，主语“she”为三单，谓语动词用looks for。 ·真题2（完形填空）： The teacher asked us to_a plan for the school trip by Friday. A.come up with B.look forward to C.take care of D.be interested in -答案：A解析：根据语境“制定计划”，“come up with”(提出/想出)符合句意；该短语为“动词+副 词+介词”结构，后接宾语“a plan”。 考法二：动词短语与非谓语动词结合 ·核心：识别动词短语中的介词或副词，判断其后接动名词还是不定式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She is looking forward to_(meet)her pen pal from America -答案：meeting解析："look forward to”属于动词+副词+介词结构，其中"to”为介词，后接动名词； meet的动名词形式为meeting。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The teacher told us to pay attention to_the blackboard carefully. A.read B.reading C.to read D.readed -答案：B解析：”pay attention to”是动词+名词+介词结构，"to”为介词，后接动名词；read的动名 词形式为reading。 考法三：非谓语动词与动词短语、时态的综合应用 ·核心：结合动词短语固定搭配判断非谓语动词形式，结合时态语境确定动词的正确形态 ·真题1（单项选择）： -She looks forward to-her grandparents during the summer holiday and they plan to take care of -by themselves. A.visit looking after them B.visiting looking after them C.visiting being looked after D.visit being looked after -答案：C解析：第一空“look forward to'”为动词短语，to为介词，后接动名词形式visiting;第二空 “take care of”后接宾语，根据语境“他们计划自己被照顾”，需用被动语态，of后接动名词的被动形 式being looked after,they的宾格为them。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(not give)up English learning is important because it is_(use)to depend on it in daily life. Many students are interested in _(learn it well. -答案：Not giving useful learning解析：第一空作主语，应用动名词形式，否定式为Not giving;第二 空“be useful to”为固定搭配，use的形容词形式为useful;第三空“be interested in”为动词短语， in为介词，后接动名词learning.。 高中|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 动词短语辨析妙招 动词短语看结构，动介动副要分清； 语境含义是关键，固定搭配记心中； 动副短语宾可中，名词代词需辨明； 动介之后必接宾，宾语位置不移动。 非谓动词判断妙招 非谓形式有三类，to do/doing/done; 动词短语中介词，to/for/in是标志； 介词之后接doing,牢记此点不混淆； 固定搭配需死记，如look forward to doing; 主动被动看逻辑，doing表主动，done表被动； 主谓关系用doing,动宾关系done来充。 综合应用解题妙招 综合题目分步解，先看短语定搭配； 非谓动词形态辨，介词之后doing跟； 时态语态结合看，时间标志优先寻； 主动被动依逻辑，主谓宾格莫用混； 多空题目逐个破，固定用法是根本。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.We should make good use of our timeEnglish well. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned 2.The little girl is afraid of_alone at night. A.stay B.staying C.to stay D.stayed 3.He gave up_last year and now he is used to_morning exercises A.smoke doing B.smoking do C.smoking doing D.smoke do 4.My mother told me not_too much time playing computer games. A.to spend B.spending C.spend D.spent 5.The song-by her yesterday is very popular among students. A.singing B.sung C.to sing D.sing 6.They have been looking forward to _the new movie for weeks. A.see B.seeing C.to see D.seen 7.The teacher asked us to_attention to_the words correctly A.pay spell B.pay spelling C.paying spell D.paying spelling 8.She is proud ofthe first prize in the competition last month. A.win B.winning C.towin D.won 9.This is the book_by my father last year. A.written B.writing C.to write D.write 10.We need_a plan before we start the project,and we have_it for two weeks. A.make discussed B.to make discussed C.making discussing D.to make been discussing 演练二：填空试题 1.He decided_(study)abroad next year. 2.My sister enjoys_(listen)to music while doing homework. 3.The workers are made_(work)10 hours a day 4.(not be)late for school again,Tom. 5.I have a lot of homework_(do)this evening 6.The girl_(dance)on the stage is my best friend. 7.They are interested in_(collect)stamps. 8.Remember_(lock)the door before you leave. 9.-(learn)English well requires hard work and practice. 10.The meeting room_(clean)by the students every day. 演练三：语法填空试题 Dear Peter, I'm writing to tell you about my recent life.I've been busy_(prepare)for the final exam,so I have no time_(hang)out with friends.My parents often tell me-(pay)attention to_(review)lessons regularly, but sometimes I find it hard_(stay)focused. Last week,our teacher asked us_(come)up with a plan for the winter camp.We decided_(organize) some volunteer activities,such as_(help)the elderly in the community.I'm looking forward to_(do) something meaningful there. By the way,I heard you_(visit)China next month.Will you be able to meet me then?Please let me know as soon as possible.