特殊句式系统复习倒装句强调句等-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1特殊句式系统复习（倒装句、强调句等） 考频分析 特殊句式系统复习（倒装句、强调句等）是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，主要 分布在试卷部分核心题型：单项选择1-2题、语法填空1题、阅读理解（偶尔涉及句式理解）。在语境分 析类题目中，倒装句的结构、强调句的引导词及与其他句式的区分往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对特殊句式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖结构特征与语境应用： ·倒装句：完全倒装(here/there引导等)、部分倒装（否定词/only开头等）的结构规则与判断； ·强调句：It is/was..that/who.…的基本结构、成分分析及与其他从句的辨析； ·其他特殊句式：祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句的构成特点与语境使用规范。 精讲精练 知识点一：倒装句的类型及用法 ·1.完全倒装（谓语动词完全置于主语之前） -适用情况：表示地点、时间或方位的副词（如here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down)或介词短语 置于句首，且主语为名词时 -例句：口Here comes the bus.(地点副词here置于句首，主语the bus为名词，谓语comes完全倒 装)口In front of the classroom stands a big tree.(介词短语In front of the classroom置于句首，主 语a big tree为名词，谓语stands完全倒装) ·2.部分倒装（将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前，实义动词仍在主语之后） -适用情况一：否定副词（如never,.hardly,,seldom,rarely,,little,not,nowhere)或否定短语（如inno way,by no means,at no time)置于句首时 -例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定副词Never置于句首，助动词have提前构 成部分倒装)口Seldom does she go out alone at night.(否定副词Seldom置于句首，助动词does 提前构成部分倒装) -适用情况二：oly+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）置于句首时 一例句：Only then did I realize my mistake.(only+时间状语then置于句首，助动词did提前构成部 分倒装)口Only in this way can we solve the problem.(only+介词短语in this way置于句首，情态 动词can提前构成部分倒装) -适用情况三：so/such...that..结构中，so/such置于句首时 -例句：口So fast does he run that no one can catch up with him.(so+副词fast置于句首，助动词 does提前构成部分倒装)口Such a clever boy is he that he can answer all the questions.(such+a+ 形容词+名词置于句首，be动词s提前构成部分倒装) ·3.特殊倒装(as/though引导让步状语从句时的倒装) -结构：名词/形容词/副词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语 -例句：口Child as he is,he knows a lot.(名词child置于句首，as引导让步状语从句)口Brave as they were,they were afraid of the dark.(形容词Brave置于句首，as引导让步状语从句)口Much as I like it,Ican't buy it..(副词Much置于句首，as引导让步状语从句)口Try as he might,he couldn't open the door..(动词原形Try置于句首，as引导让步状语从句) 知识点二：强调句的构成及用法 ·1.基本结构(It is/was+被强调部分that/who+其他部分) 一适用情况：强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（时间、地点、原因、方式等），被强调部分指人时可用ho, 指物或其他情况用that -例句：口It was Tom who/that helped me yesterday..(强调主语Tom,指人，可用who或that)口t was yesterday that I met her in the street.(强调时间状语yesterday,用that)口It is the book that I want to read.(强调宾语the book,用that) ·2.特殊句式（强调谓语动词） -结构：dol/does/did+动词原形（用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中） -例句：口He does like playing football.(does强调一般现在时的谓语动词Iike)口I did finish my homework yesterday.(did强调一般过去时的谓语动词finish) ·3.注意事顶（强调句与其他句型的区别） -特点：去掉It is/was和that/who后，剩余部分仍能构成完整的句子 -例句比较：口It was in the park that we had a picnic.(强调句，去掉It was和that后为Ne had a picnic in the park,句子完整)☐It was the park where we had a picnic.(定语从句，where在从句中 作地点状语，去掉It was和where后句子不完整) 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点三：名词性从句的分类及用法 ·1.主语从句（在句中作主语，通常位于句首或用t作形式主语） -口连接词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、what/who/which(什么I谁/哪个)、 when/where/why/how(何时/何地/为何I如何) 一口常规结构：连接词+陈述句语序 一例句： *口That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导主语从句，无意义，不可省略) *What he said surprised everyone.(what在从句中作宾语，表“所说的话”) -口形式主语结构：It+be动词/系动词+形容词/名词+that/whether/连接代词连接副词+从句 一例句： *口It is important that we study hard.(it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句) *口It remains unknown whether they will arrive on time.(it作形式主语，whether引导真正主语从 句) ·2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语） 一口连接词：that(无意义，可省略)、whether/if(是否，介词后只用whether)、what/who/which/whose (什么/谁/哪个/谁的)、when/where/why/how(何时何地/为何I如何) -口语序：陈述句语序（连接词+主语+谓语） 一例句： *口I think(that)he is right..(及物动词think后接that引导的宾语从句，that可省略) *口She asked whether I would go with her..(及物动词asked后接whether S5导的宾语从句，表“是 否”) *口e are talking about what we should do next.(介词about后接what引导的宾语从句，what在 从句中作宾语) *口I'm not sure how he solved the problem.(形容词sure后接how引导的宾语从句) ·3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语，位于系动词之后） -口连接词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、what/who/which(什么/谁/哪个)、 when/where/why/how(何时/何地/为何I如何)、as if/as though(好像)、because(因为) 一口语序：陈述句语序 一例句： *口The fact is that he lied to us.(系动词is后接that引导的表语从句，that不可省略) *·This is what I want to say..(系动词is后接what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作宾语) *The question is whether we can finish the work on time.(系动词is后接whether S15导的表语从 句，表“是否”) *口It looks as if it is going to rain.(系动词looks后接asif引导的表语从句，表“好像") ·4.同位语从句（在句中作名词的同位语，解释说明名词的具体内容，通常位于抽象名词后） -☐常接同位语从句的名词：fact(事实)、news(消息)、idea(想法)、hope(希望)、belief(信念)、 doubt(怀疑)、人question(问题)、入promise(承诺)等 -口连接词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、when/where/why/how(何时何地/为何如何) 一口区别于定语从句：同位语从句中的连接词不充当句子成分，而定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当主 语、宾语等成分 一例句： *☐The news that our team won the game made us excited.(that引导同位语从句，解释说明news 的内容，that不充当成分) *口I have no idea when he will return..(when S导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容，when在从 句中作时间状语) *口There is no doubt that he is honest..(that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的内容，that不可省 略) 知识点四：状语从句 ·1.时间状语从句 -常用导问及用法（高考核心）： *口when(当…时，主从动作可同时或先后发生)→例句：I was reading when the phone rang. (电话铃响时我正在看书) *while(当…时，主从动作同时进行，从句多用延续性动词)→例句：While she was cooking,l was washing the dishes.(她做饭时，我在洗碗) *·as(当…时，强调主从动作同时发生，可译为“一边一边…”)→例句：As he walked, he sang.(他边走边唱) *口before(在…之前)→例句：You should finish your homework before you watch TV.(看电视 前你应该完成作业) *after(在…之后)→例句：After he finished his work,he went home.(完成工作后，他回家了) *口until/till(直到…为止，否定句中译为“直到…才”)→例句：I waited until she came back. (我等到她回来为止)；He didn't leave until the rain stopped.(直到雨停他才离开) *口as soon as(-…就…)→例句：As soon as|get to Beijing,I will call you.(我-到北京就 给你打电话) ·2.条件状语从句 一常用引导词及用法（高考高频）： *口if(如果，引导真实条件句)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨， 我们就待在家里)》 *口unless(除非，如果不，相当于if.not)→例句：You will fail unless you work hard.(除非你努 力学习，否则你会失败)=You will fail if you don't work hard. *口as long as(只要)→例句：As long as you study hard,you will pass the exam.(只要你努力学 习，就能通过考试) *☐on condition that(条件是…)→例句：He agreed to help on condition that we give him a hand. (他同意帮忙，条件是我们给他搭把手) ·3.原因状语从句 一常用引导词及用法（高考基础）： *口because(因为，语气最强，回答why提问)→例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill. (他没上学是因为生病了) *since(既然，因为，表已知的原因，语气较弱)→例句：Since everyone is here,let's start the meeting.(既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧) *口as(由于，因为，表显而易见的原因，语气比since弱)→例句：As it was late,we went home. (由于时间晚了，我们就回家了) *口now that(既然，由于，同since,,☐语中常用)→例句：Now that you know the truth,.you can make a decision.(既然你知道了真相，就可以做决定了) ·4.让步状语从句 一常用引导词及用法（高考重点）： *口though/although(虽然，尽管，不能与but连用)→例句：Though he is young,he knows a lot. (虽然他年轻，但懂得很多) *even ifleven though(即使，尽管)→例句：Even if it rains,we will go there.(即使下雨，我们 也要去那里) *·no matter+疑问词（无论…，引导让步状语从句，相当于疑问词+ever)→例句：No matter what you say,Iwon't believe you.(无论你说什么，我都不会相信你)=hatever you say,Iwon't believe you. *however(无论怎样，后接形容词或副词)→例句：However hard he tries,he can't finish it on time.(无论他怎么努力，都不能按时完成) *口whoever(无论谁)→例句：Whoever you are,you must follow the rules.(无论你是谁，都必须 遵守规则) ·5.目的状语从句 一常用引导词及用法（高老常老）： *口so that(为了，以便，从句常含情态动词can/could/will/would等)→例句：He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了能通过考试) *口in order that(为了，以便，语气比so that强，可置于句首)→例句：In order that we can arrive on time,we should leave early.(为了能按时到达，我们应该早点出发) *口in case(以防，免得)→例句：Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞以防下雨) ·6.结果状语从句 一常用引导词及用法（高老核心）： *口so.that..(如此…以至于…，so后接形容词或副词)→例句：He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.(他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上他) *☐such...that..…(如此…以至于…，such后接名词短语)→例句：She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.(她是个如此善良的女孩，以至于每个人都喜欢她) *·so that(结果是，以至于，引导结果状语从句时，从句前常有逗号，不带情态动词)→例句：He didn't study hard,so that he failed the exam.(他没努力学习，结果考试不及格) 语法复习」英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：完全倒装句的判断与运用 ·核心：根据句首是否为地点、时间或方位副词介词短语及主语类型，判断是否使用完全倒装并正确还原 或改写句子 ·真题1（语法填空）： -In front of the teaching building _(stand)a tall tree with green leaves all year round. -答案：stands解析：句首为介词短语In front of the teaching building,主语a tall tree为名词，符合 完全倒装条件，谓语动词stand需与主语保持一致，用第三人称单数形式stands。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Herethe bus.Let's hurry up A.come B.comes C.coming D.to come -答案：B解析：句首为地点副词Here,主语the bus为名词，使用完全倒装，谓语动词come的形式 与主语一致，用第三人称单数comes。 考法二：名词性从句与强调句融合辨析 ·核心：判断句子是名词性从句（主语宾语/表语同位语从句）还是强调句，结合连接词选择及语序规侧 进行综合分析 ·真题1（语法填空）： -It is the ability to do the job_matters not where you come from or what you are. -答案：that解析：去掉ltis和空格处内容后，剩余部分"The ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are”为完整句子，符合强调句”It is/was-+被强调部分+that+其他部分”结构， 强调主语"the ability to do the job'”,故填that。 ·真题2（单项选择）： he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A.What B.That C.Whether D.Where -答案：A解析：该句为主语从句，从句中referred to缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导，指代”他 在文章中提到的内容”；hat引导主语从句时无意义且不充当成分，whether表”是否”，where表地点， 均不符合句意，故选A。 考法三：倒装句、强调句与名词性从句的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境识别倒装结构（完全倒装、部分倒装、特殊倒装）、强调句基本结构及名词性从句（主语 从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的连接词选择与语序 ·真题1（单项选择）： --was it-made him late for the meeting yesterday? A.What;that B.When;that C.How;which D.Why:which -答案：A解析：第一空考查强调句的特殊疑问句式（疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分），被强调部分 为疑问词what;第二空为强调句结构中的that,强调句中被强调部分指物时只能用that。整体还原为 陈述句为It was what that made him late for the meeting yesterday,符合强调句“去掉twas和that 后句子完整”的特点。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Never before_we_(realize)how important environmental protection is until we watched the doc- umentary.And the fact_we need to take immediate action now is clear to all. -答案：have;realized;that解析：第一空考查部分倒装，否定副词Never置于句首，句子需用部分倒 装，结合时间状语until we watched可知“意识到”发生在“观看纪录片”之前，用现在完成时，将 助动词have提前；第二空考查同位语从句，抽象名词fact后接that引导的同位语从句，解释fact的 具体内容，that在从句中不充当成分且不可省略。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 完全倒装妙招 句首地点时间方，主语名词需倒装； 谓语要和主语配，还原主语放谓语后； 副词here there开头，主语名词也倒装； 主语若是人称代，不倒装来记心怀。 强调句妙招 强调句型It is was,被强调部分放前位； 去掉It is was和that,句子完整是关键； 指人可用who whom,指物只能用that; 疑问句式也不难，疑问词提前放句首。 名词性从句妙招 名词性从句有四类，主宾表同要分明； 连接代词有what,which who whom whose; 连接副词when where,why how表疑问； that无意义不充当，whether表是否； 从句语序用陈述，主谓宾来莫颠倒。 综合运用妙招 倒装强调名词性，综合运用先辨清； 完全倒装看句首，强调句型有特征； 名词性从句看成分，连接词语要选准； 结合语境细分析，语法规则记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Not until she got home_she had lost her keys. A.did she realize B.she realized C.she did realize D.realized she 2.It was in the park_I met my old friend yesterday. A.where B.which C.that D.when 3._is known to all,the earth is round. A.As B.Which C.That D.What 4.Only by working hard _achieve your goals A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you 5.The question is_we can finish the project on time. A.that B.if C.whether D.what 6._he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A.What B.That C.Which D.How 7.Though-he is,he runs very fast. A.young B.a young C.young man D.being young 8.It is suggested that we__attend the meeting tomorrow. A.should B.would C.will D.could 9.So difficultthe problem that I can't solve it alone. A.is B.does C.itis D.it does 10.-you may say,I won't change my mind. A.Whatever B.However C.Whenever D.Wherever 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Here_(come)the teacher.Let's be quiet. 2.It was yesterday_I saw him in the street. 3.The news_our team won the game made us excited 4.Only when he told me_I know the truth. 5.-difficult the task may be,we will try our best to finish it. 6.I have no idea_he will come back. 7.Not only_he speak English,but also he can speak French 8.It is important_we should learn from each other. 9.-she is young,she knows a lot about history. 10.The reason why he was late is_he missed the bus. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） When I was a child,my grandmother often told me stories.One day,she said,"It was in this house-(1) I was born."I was curious and asked,"(2)did you live here alone?"She smiled and replied,"Not until I was 20_(3)I leave home to work in the city."