所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（外研版）

ENGL凵ISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解，影响对指代关系的把 握)。在语境理解类题目中，代词的指代对象、人称和数的一致性及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·代词分类应用：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词的辨析与 功能； ·代词指代一致：代词在人称、数、性别上与指代对象的一致性，避免指代不明或歧义； ·特殊代词用法：it作形式主语/宾语、there be句型中的here、不定代词some/any/no、each/every等的 语境搭配与句法功能。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/lit/we/you/.they -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/.us/you/them -例句：口She is a student.(主格作主语)口My mother loves me.(宾格作宾语) ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their -名词性（独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs -例句：口This is my book.(形容词性物主代词+名词)口The red pen is hers..(名词性物主代词独立 作表语) ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“亲自”） -常见形式：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/them selves -例句：口He taught himself English.(作宾语，强调主语本人)口I can do it by myself..(介词by+反 身代词，表“独自”) ·指示代词（指代特定的人或事物） -近指：this(这个，单数)/these(这些，复数) -远指：that(那个，单数)/those(那些，复数) -例句：口This is a cat.(近指单数)口Those are apples.(远指复数) ·不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物）》 -普通不定代词：some(一些，肯定句)lany(任何，否定句疑问句)many(许多，可数)1much(许 多，不可数)few(很少，可数)itte(很少，不可数)al(全部)both(两者都)leither(两者之 一)/neither(两者都不)/each(每个，强调个体)levery(每个，强调整体) -例句：口|have some books.(肯定句用some)·Do you have any questions?(疑问句用any)O Both of them are teachers.(两者都) 【即学即练】 1.【人称代词辨析】下列句子中宾格使用正确的是？ A.He give l a pen. B.My father loves she C.She helps us with English. D.We play with he every day. 2.【物主代词形式】请写出“她的”对应的形容词性物主代词：一，名词性物主代词：一 3.【反身代词用法】“独自完成作业”的正确表达是？ A.finish homework by myself B.finish my homework by me C.finish my homework by myself D.finish homework by me 4.【指示代词辨析】指代远处的复数事物用？ A.this B.that C.these D.those 5.【不定代词用法】否定句中表示“一些”用一，肯定句中用一。 语法复习|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：代词难点及易混用法辨析 ·物主代词与o所有格的转换及易错点 1.转换规则 -形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词=the+名词+of+形容词性物主代词（强调所属关 系) 一例句： -This is my pen.=This pen is mine.=This is the pen of mine.(我的钢笔) 2.易错点 -名词性物主代词后不可加名词，o叶所有格后需用名词性物主代词（不可用形容词性） -错误：The book of my is on the desk.(应改为The book of mine..) ·不定代词指代一致与主谓一致 1.指代一致 -each/every/no+单数名词+单数谓语；both/either/neither+of+复数名词/代词+谓语(both用 复数，either/neither用单数) 一例句： -口Each student has a dictionary.(each+单数名词，谓语用has) -口Neither of the answers is correct..(neither of+-复数名词，谓语用is) 2.部分否定与全部否定 -all/both/every+not=部分否定（并非全部）；none/neither/no one=全部否定 一例句： -口Not all birds can fly.(并非所有鸟都会飞，部分否定) -·None of the water is left.(水全部喝完了，全部否定) ·反身代词的固定搭配及误用场景 1.固定搭配 -enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to..(随便吃/用)、devote oneself to.…(致力于)、by oneself(独自) -例句： -口She enjoyed herself at the party.(她在派对上玩得很开心) -口Help yourself to some fish.(随便吃点鱼) 2.误用场景 一当主语与宾语为同一人时才用反身代词，否则用宾格 -错误：My mother bought myself a gift.(主语是mother,宾语是“我”，非同一人，应改为me) ·指示代词this/that与it的指代区别 1.近指/远指 -this/that指代上文提到的单数名词(this指下文，that指上文) 一例句： -口He said he would come,and this is true.(this指代下文“he would come”这件事) -She lost her watch,and that made her sad.(that指代上文“lost her watch”这件事) 2.指代同一事物vs同类事物 -指代上文提到的同一事物用it,同类事物用that/one 一例句： -口The book is interesting,so I read it again.(it指代上文同一本书) -The book is more interesting than that I read yesterday.(that指代同类不同本的书) ·复合不定代词somebody/anybody/nobody/everyone的用法 1.主谓一致与形容词后置 一作主语时谓语用单数，被形容词修饰时形容词后置 -例句： -口Someone is waiting for you at the gate.(someone作主语，谓语用is) -口I have something important to tell you.(形容词important后置修饰something) 2.指代与所有格 -含-body/-one的代词指代人，含-thing的指代物，其所有格形式在词尾加's -例句： -口Nobody's business is your business.(nobody的所有格nobody's) -口Is there anything wrong with the machine？(anything指代物，询问机器是否有问题) 知识点三：代词特殊句式及语境应用 ·疑问代词（引导特殊疑问句） -基础用法（高中核心）： *口what(什么，询问事物/职业)例句：hat is your favorite color?/What does your father do? *口who(谁，询问人，主格)→例句：/ho is standing at the door? *☐whom(谁，询问人，宾格)→例句：hom did you meet in the park yesterday? *口whose(谁的，询问所属)→例句：hose book is this on the desk? *口which(哪一个，询问特定范围中的人或物)→例句：hich season do you like best,spring or autumn? *口how(如何，询问方式/程度)→例句：How do you usually go to school??How old is your brother'? ·关系代词（引导定语从句） 一重点关系代词及用法（高中必掌握）： *口that(指代人/物，先行词被all/any/every等修饰时只用that)→例句：This is the book that I bought yesterday./He is the first student that arrived here. *口which(指代物，可引导非限制性定语从句)→例句：The river,which runs through the city,is very clean. *Dwho(指代人，先行词为人且在从句中作主语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. *口hom(指代人，先行词为人且在从句中作宾语)→例句：The man whom you talked to just now is our teacher *口whose(指代所属关系，后接名词)→例句：Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor'? ·代词在情境对话中的应用（高中情境题型） 一常见情境及应答（高频考点）： *口电话用语中this/that的使用→例句：-Hello!Who's that speaking?一This is Mary speaking, *口指代上文内容用it/that→例句：-I will have an exam tomorrow.一Take it easy..You will do well.. *口不定代词在邀请/建议中的委婉表达→例句：一Vould you like something to drink?一Yes,some tea,please *口反身代词在道歉/感谢中的固定搭配→例句：一Thank you for helping me..一Don't mention it. You can help yourself. 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 考法一：物主代词与of所有格转换 ·核心：根据转换规则将形容词性物主代词+名词结构转换为名词性物主代词或o所有格形式，辨析转 换过程中的易错点 ·真题1（语法填空）： The red bike is_(she).It is the most beautiful bike of_ -答案：hers her解析：第一空需用名词性物主代词独立作表语，she的名词性物主代词为hers;第二 空构成“the+名词+of+形容词性物主代词”结构，she的形容词性物主代词为her。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Which sentence is correct? A.The book of my is on the desk. B.This is mine pen. C.The coat of hers is red D.These are ours books. -答案：C解析：A项of后应接形容词性物主代词my,改为the book of mine;B项mine为名词性物 主代词，后不可接名词，改为my pen;C项符合“the+名词+of+名词性物主代词”结构，正确；D 项ours为名词性物主代词，后不可接名词，改为our books。. 考法二：物主代词与关系代词的综合运用 ·核心：结合物主代词的所属关系表达与关系代词引导定语从句的用法，判断句子中代词的正确形式及语 法功能 ·真题1（语法填空）： The house_windows face south is my uncle's.It's bigger than_. -答案：whose mine解析：第一空引导定语从句，先行词“the house”与“windows”为所属关系，用 关系代词whose;第二空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词mine,指代“my house”。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --Is this the dictionary-_you bought yesterday? --Yes,and it's better than _of my classmate A.which;one B.that;those C.who;the one D.whose;that -答案：A解析：第一空先行词“dictionary'”为物，且在从句中作宾语，可用which或that;第二空指 代同类不同物的单数名词“dictionary'”,用one,that后接定语从句时需完整结构（如that I read),此 处用one更简洁。 考法三：代词在复合句中的综合运用及语境辨析 ·核心：结合不同代词类型（物主代词、不定代词、关系代词等）在复杂句式中的转换规则，通过语境判 断代词指代对象及语法功能，解决多考点融合问题。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The old man has two sons,_of whom are teachers.Their classroom is bigger than_of ours. A.both:that B.all;those C.neither;one D.either;it -答案：A解析：第一空由"two sons”可知指两者，结合”are teachers'”表肯定，用both(两者都)；第 二空指代上文同类不同物的"classroom”(单数)，用that替代the classroom,避免重复。a指三者 及以上，neither/either后接单数谓语，it指代同一事物，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Students should finish-(they)homework by_(they).The teacher-books are on the desk will check it tomorrow. -答案：their;;themselves;whose解析：第一空修饰名词"homework”,用形容词性物主代词their;第 二空"by oneself'"为固定搭配，主语students为复数，用themselves;第三空引导定语从句，先行 词"teacher'”与"books”为所属关系，用关系代词whose。 语法复习|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 ·物主代词转换妙招 -形物加名变名物，独立成分用名物； 一of后名物表所有，形物不可直接跟； 一名物之后无名词，形物之后必接名。 ·关系代词运用妙招 -所属关系用whose,先行词与名词属； -定语从句缺主语，物用which人用who; -先行词为物且宾，that which可通用； -指代同类不同物，单数one复those。 ·代词综合运用妙招 -复合句中辨指代，物主关系whose来； 一名物代指同类物，形物修饰名词前： -反身代词表强调，by oneself固定搭； 一语境判断单复数，指代清晰是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Which of the following is correct? A.The hat of her is red. B.This is my sister's book,not your. C.The idea of his is better than hers. D.Those are ours bags. 2.The girl_father is a doctor helped me solve the problem. A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 3.-Is this pen_? 4.-No,it's not_.I think it's_. A.your;mine;her B.yours;my;hers C.yours;mine;hers D.your;my;her 5._of the two boys is from Beijing.They are both from Shanghai. A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.All 6.The book_I bought yesterday is more interesting than_you lent me. A.that;one B.which;it C.who;that D.whose;those 7.There isn't_milk in the fridge.Let's go and buy_. A.some;any B.any;some C.many;much D.much;few 8.-Hello!Who's-speaking? 9.-is Tom.I want to ask about the homework A.this:That B.that;This C.it;He D.you;I 10.Each student__a dictionary,but not all_are new. A.has;them B.have;it C.has;ones D.have;they 11.The classroom_windows are broken needs to be repaired.We can use-next to it. A.which;the one B.whose;one C.that;this D.where;that 12.-Would you liketo eat? 13.-Yes,_cake,please. A.something;some B.anything;any C.everything;a D.nothing;the 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is not my pen.It must be_(he). 2.The children enjoyed_(they)at the party last night. 3.-(who)book is this?It has a name on the cover. 4.There are two apples here.You can take _(either/both)of them. 5.The house_(which/whose)door is red belongs to my aunt. 6.I have three sisters._(All/Each)of them are teachers. 7.-Is there_(something/anything)wrong with your phone? 8.-No,it works well. 9.The cat washed_(it)paws after eating the fish. 10.This bike is newer than-(my/l)_(father). 11.-(This/That)is the first time I've seen such a beautiful garden. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My name is Lucy.I live in a small town with my family.The house_(1)we live in is not big,but it's warm. My room is on the second floor.The desk_(2)I study on is next to the window.There are many books on it,some of(3)are from my father. Yesterday,I lost my notebook.I asked my classmates for help,but_(4)of them had seen it.Later,a girl _(5)name is Lily found it under the library desk.She returned it to me and said,"You should be more careful with_(6)things."I thanked her and promised to take better care of my things in the future. In the evening,my mother cooked dinner for us.She made my favorite dish-fish.I ate too much,so I couldn't finish-(7).My father laughed and said,"You always eat_(8)you like most. Now,I'm sitting in my room and writing this diary.I think_(9)is important to help each other.Also,we should learn to look after _(10)well.