精品解析：2026届上海市杨浦区高三上学期模拟质量调研（一模）英语试卷

杨浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研 英语学科 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择 题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dehorning Rhinos (犀牛) Helps Save Them According to new research, cutting off rhinos’ horns reduces the poaching (偷猎) of the animals by nearly 80%. Rhinos are hunted for their horns, and scientists think there are now fewer than 28,000 rhinos____1____ (leave) in the world. A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods used in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 2017 and 2023. About 25% of Africa’s rhino population lives in Greater Kruger, and the researchers wanted to find out____2____ methods worked well. The protection methods____3____studied included using detection cameras, tracking dogs, helicopters, and guards to keep an eye out for poachers. More than 700 poachers were arrested, but the researchers found that____4____ (arrest) the illegal hunters didn’t significantly reduce the number of rhinos that were killed. ____5____ (call) the method “dehorning”, the researchers are now cutting off the rhinos’ horns in an attempt to protect them. This doesn’t hurt the animals because their horns are made of keratin, the same substance that____6____ (make) up human hair and fingernails. The horns can grow back over time, so the average rhino needs to be dehorned every 18 months____7____two years. The researchers found that dehorning reduced poaching by 78%. While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are____8____ (likely) to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they wander is much smaller. Scientists think that____9____ rhinos use their horns in battles to protect their territory, without a horn they may become more careful and avoid conflicts. Researchers maintain that addressing the root causes of illegal hunting____10____ be the top priority for a long-term solution, instead of dehorning rhinos. 【答案】1. left 2. which 3. they 4. arresting 5. Calling 6. makes 7. to 8. less likely 9. since##because##as 10. should##must 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了给犀牛去角以减少偷猎的研究、该方法的效果，以及其对犀牛行为的影响和长期解决方案的建议。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：犀牛因犀角被猎杀，科学家认为目前全球仅存不足28000头犀牛。句中已有谓语are，此空应是非谓语。rhinos与leave是动宾关系，应用过去分词left。故填left。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：非洲大约25%的犀牛生活在大克鲁格，研究人员想找出哪些方法效果好。根据本段首句“A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods”可知， 保护犀牛的方法已有范围限定，此空引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，意为“哪些”，应用which。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们研究的保护方法包括使用探测摄像机、追踪犬、直升机和警卫来监视偷猎者。根据“the researchers wanted to find out __2__ methods worked well.”可知，此空指代前句里的the researchers，应用代词they。they studied是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词The protection methods。故填they。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：700多名偷猎者被捕，但研究人员发现逮捕非法猎人并未显著减少犀牛被杀的数量。此处作宾语从句的主语，应用动名词arresting。故填arresting。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员将这种方法称为“去角”，现在正切断犀角以保护它们。句中已有谓语are cutting off，此空应是非谓语。the researchers与call是主谓关系，应用现在分词Calling。首字母大写。故填Calling。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这不会伤害到它们，因为犀角由角蛋白构成，这种物质也构成人类的毛发和指甲。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词substance (单数)，且substance与make up是主谓关系，从句谓语应用makes。故填makes。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，犀牛角会重新长出来，所以犀牛平均每18个月到两年就需要去一次角。根据“needs to be dehorned every 18 months __7__ two years”可知，此空应用介词to表示范围，意为每18个月到两年。故填to。 【8题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：去角的犀牛不太可能参与社交互动。根据下文“the area they choose to cover as they wander is much smaller”及“without a horn they may become more careful and avoid conflicts”可知，此处表“更不可能”，应用less likely。故填less likely。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：科学家认为，因为犀牛用犀角在争斗中保护领地，没有犀角它们会更谨慎，避免冲突。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，用because/ since/ as。故填because/ since/ as。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：研究人员认为，解决非法狩猎的根源应是/必须是长期解决方案的首要任务，而不是去犀牛角。根据语境可知，此处表建议、义务或必须，用情态动词should/ must。故填should/ must。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Do I Need to Parent My Only Child in a Different Way? Q: I have an only child, and people often comment about them being at risk of becoming spoiled, selfish, or unable to socialize. Now I’m worrying about how I can make sure I am raising my child in the right way. A: Firstly, I want to say I am deeply sorry that anyone would make such comments. These ideas about “who” your child may be are ____11____ of that person’s anxieties and discomfort, and are sadly ignorant. British concerns about only children’s social development emerged in 1850, linking their ____12____ spoiling to insufficient peer interaction and extremely high adult contact throughout the 19th-20th centuries. Recent research has ____13____ these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences between children who have siblings (兄弟姐妹) and those who don’t. In fact, some studies report that only children may be more confident, emotionally strong, and have a better quality of life. But these findings cannot be ____14____ from the context of most of this research taking place within middle-class families. What we can say with ____15____ is that only children are much more like other children (who have siblings) than they are different. The truth is, it’s not the number of siblings a child has that ____16____ them into the adult they become. Their relationship with their parents actually has the greatest influence on their development. So, if you want to raise your child well, keep focusing on the relationship you are ____17____ with them, and get curious about who they are and what they are trying to communicate and express. Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. 【答案】11. projections 12. perceived 13. challenged 14. separated 15. clarity 16. shapes 17. building 18. raising 19. core 20. imperfect 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了独生子女是否需要以不同的方式养育的问题，指出人们对独生子女的看法往往是基于个人焦虑和无知，并阐述了影响孩子成长的关键因素是亲子关系而非兄弟姐妹的数量。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些关于你的孩子可能成为“什么样的人”的看法，是那个人自身焦虑和不安的投射，并且可悲地体现出无知。根据“of that person’s anxieties and discomfort”可知，此处指这些看法是个人内心感受的外在投射，projections意为“投射”，为名词，符合句意。故填projections。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：英国对独生子女社交发展的担忧始于1850年，在整个19至20世纪，人们将他们被察觉到的宠溺归因于同伴互动不足和成人接触过多。根据“emerged in 1850”和“spoiling”可推知，人们开始察觉到对独生子女的宠溺，perceive意为“察觉，注意到”，修饰名词spoiling，用过去分词形式perceived作定语。故填perceived。 【13题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：最近的研究对这些假设提出了质疑，并表明有兄弟姐妹的孩子和没有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间没有显著差异。根据“these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences”可知，新研究否定了旧有假设，动词challenge意为“质疑”，作谓语，用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态has challenged。故填challenged。 【14题详解】 考查动词和语态。句意：但这些发现不能脱离大多数研究是在中产阶级家庭背景下进行的这一情境。根据句意和“from the context”可知，此处指研究结果与背景不可分割，用动词separate作谓语，意为“分离”，与主语these findings之间是被动关系，应用过去分词构成被动语态be separated。故填separated。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们可以明确地说，独生子女与有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间的相似之处远多于不同之处。根据“What we can say with...”可知，此处表示说话的确信程度，with clarity意为“明确地”，名词clarity意为“清晰；明确”，作宾语。故填clarity。 【16题详解】 考查动词和主谓一致。句意：事实上，塑造孩子成为什么样的大人的不是他们兄弟姐妹的数量。根据“them into the adult they become”可知，此处指“塑造”其成长，动词shapes意为“塑造”，作强调句中谓语动词，“the number of siblings”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填shapes。 【17题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：所以，如果你想养育好你的孩子，继续关注你与他们建立的关系，并对他们是谁以及他们试图传达和表达的内容感到好奇。根据“the relationship you are”以及“with them”可知，此处表示你与他们建立的关系，动词build意为“建立”，作谓语，用现在分词形式构成现在进行时态are building。故填building。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据前文“Parenting”及此处语境可知，此处指“抚养”孩子这种行为，动词raise意为“养育”，作主语，用动名词形式raising。故填raising。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据“of everything you do is love for your child”可知，此处表示但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱，at the core of意为“在……的核心”，名词core意为“核心”，符合句意。故填core。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，爱是不完美的，所以不要因为要“正确”地养育孩子或因为孩子没有兄弟姐妹而以不同的方式养育他们而感到压力，而是要和他们一起享受养育孩子的旅程。根据“so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them”可知，此处表示爱是不完美的，形容词imperfect意为“不完美的”，符合句意，作表语。故填imperfect。 II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____21____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____22____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____23____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____24____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____25____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____26____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____27____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____28____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____29____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____30____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____31____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____32____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____33____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____34____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____35____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 21. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 22. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 23. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 24. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 25. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 26. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 27. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 28. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 29. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 30. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 31. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 32. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 33. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 34. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 35. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学中的“沉没成本效应”，即人们倾向于依据无法收回的既往投入而继续做出非理性决策的现象，探讨了其在日常生活、大型项目中的表现，以及背后的心理原因和可能的应对方法。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我们基于无法收回的既往投入而加倍坚持糟糕的财务决策时，它就会发生。A. poor糟糕的；B. emotional情绪的；C. wise明智的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“infamous(声名狼藉的)”和第二段中所举的明知电影难看仍坚持看完的例子可知，这种行为是“糟糕的”决策。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，你可能会坚持看完一部你从一开始就不喜欢的电影，仅仅是为了让票价值得。A. enjoyed享受；B. hated不喜欢，讨厌；C. reviewed复习；D. followed跟随。根据后文“if only to justify the cost of the ticket”可知，坚持看完电影仅仅是为了让票价值得，所以你应该是“不喜欢”这部电影。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你的昂贵会员资格不可退款，即使受了伤，你可能也会继续去健身房。A. postpone推迟；B. avoid避免；C. continue继续；D. imagine想象。根据前文“You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you 2 from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket.”和“Similarly”可推知，人们会为了让票价值得而坚持看完一部从一开始就不喜欢的电影，同样，为了让健身房会费值得，即使受伤，人们也会“继续”去健身房。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奥利沃拉说：“但所有这些情况中发生的事情是，你并没有真正收回那笔钱，或者你投入的任何东西。这就是为什么它不合逻辑的部分原因。”A. natural自然的；B. primitive原始的；C. formal正式的；D. logical逻辑的。根据前文奥利沃拉的解释“But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested”可知，既然投入无法收回，继续投入就是非理性的，因此“不合逻辑”。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：沉没成本效应也可能在更大规模上上演。A. on a larger scale在更大规模上；B. from a more academic angle从更学术的角度；C. on a more regular basis更经常地；D. with greater intensity以更大的强度。根据后文“ongoing investments in fossil fuels”以及“climate predictions”可知，这是在讨论国家或全球层面的问题，是“更大规模”的体现。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将同样的错误推理与对化石燃料的持续投资联系起来，尽管越来越有可用的能源替代品和令人担忧的气候预测。A. statistics统计数据；B. alternatives替代品；C. consumptions消耗；D. reserves储备。“despite”表示的转折关系，结合“increasingly available energy”可推知，与前文“fossil fuels”相对的是其他能源“替代品”。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉没成本效应的心理学是一种被反复研究的现象。A. economics经济学；B. psychology心理学；C. physiology生理学；D. history历史。根据后文“the reason humans keep falling for it”以及 Olivola所讨论的“desire to reduce waste”等心理动机可知，沉没成本效应主要关乎人的决策心理，属于“心理学”范畴。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但研究人员仍未完全确定人类一直深陷其中的原因。A. responded to回应；B. put forward提出；C. reflected on反思；D. pinned down确定，确切解释。根据前文“a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again”和后文“But researchers still haven’t quite”可推知，虽然被反复研究，但其原因并未被完全“确定”。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于他自己的研究，奥利沃拉倾向于归咎于我们减少浪费的欲望。A. control控制；B. analyze分析；C. exploit利用；D. blame归咎于，归因于。根据后文“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful”可知，这是他对原因的一种解释，即把沉没成本效应的原因“归咎于”这种心理。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，随后，我们能够“关闭”这个账户的唯一方式就是获得我们实际投入的金钱的价值。A. private私人的；B. foreign外国的；C. symbolic象征性的；D. real真正的，实际的。根据前文“We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something”的比喻，我们投入的是“实际的”金钱、时间或精力，因此希望获得“实际的”价值。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，沉没成本效应实际上可能帮助你实现诸如变得更健康或完成学位等主要目标。A. discoveries发现；B. goals目标；C. reforms改革；D. victories胜利。根据后文“like becoming more fit or finishing a degree”可知，这些都是个人想要实现的“目标”。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你发现自己被无法改变的过去决定所束缚，沉没成本效应就不再有益了。A. anchored锚定，使固定；B. opposed反对；C. directed引导；D. applied应用。根据后文“to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial.”可推知，如果被过去的决定“束缚”或“困住”，沉没成本效应就不能带来益处。“be anchored to”是固定搭配，意为“被……固定住”。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到尊重他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱时，重要的是要记住，我们的朋友和家人实际上并不希望我们为了他们而受苦。A. honoring尊重，兑现；B. defining定义；C. ignoring忽视；D. regretting后悔。根据后文“the effort, time, or money others have invested in us”可知，他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱，是值得“尊重”的。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己仍在困境中挣扎，不要感觉太糟糕。A. marching行进；B. changing改变；C. losing失败；D. struggling在困境中挣扎。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad”和后文“Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be 15 .”可知，专家都难以克服“沉没成本效应”，所以普通人在困境中挣扎是很正常的。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是花了二十多年研究这类事物的奥利沃拉，沉没成本现象仍然可能是不可抗拒的。A. impersonal非个人的；B. inferior劣等的；C. irresistible不可抗拒的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself 14 .”的安慰以及后文“if you can overcome it, you’re better than me”的玩笑可知，这种现象极其普遍且难以抵抗。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Kathy Xu had always wanted to see a shark in the wild. The opportunity finally came in 2011, when she went on a snorkelling trip (浮潜之旅). Not only was she not scared of the whale shark, the then 29-year-old was so inspired by its beauty and grace that tears sprang to her eyes inside her snorkel mask. After returning home to Singapore, Xu learned about the shark trade taking place at one of Indonesia’s largest fish markets, where shark parts including meat and teeth are cut up for export, with the fins being the most prized. Curious, Xu packed her bags and headed to Tanjung Luar, on the island of Lombok. There, she spoke with several fishermen. Shark fishing is risky and involves hard physical work, but it is one of the few ways for them to provide for their families. The fishermen were knowledgeable and felt a great sense of pride for the local sea life. Once they heard that Xu liked to snorkel, they urged her to visit the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) near the fish market. The reefs were breathtaking, overflowing with life and colour. Xu was confident that ecotourism was the solution. “I told them I'd pay them to take tourists out to see these snorkelling hotspots,” she says. In late 2012, Xu quit her full-time teaching job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect. In late 2013, The Dorsal Effect launched its first boat trip. Snorkellers paid ＄120 for a one-day excursion to explore places that the local fishermen know about but could not be found on a Google search. It provides a much more reliable income for the fishermen than the unstable and often dangerous job of shark fishing. For now, Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns — but stricter government regulation is needed. 36. How did Kathy Xu feel the first time she saw a shark in the wild? A. Scared. B. Curious. C. Sad. D. Moved. 37. What was special about the snorkeling sites offered by Xu's team? A. They were only accessible to experienced divers. B. They were popular destinations listed on travel websites. C. They were exclusive locations known only to local fishermen. D. They were protected areas with restricted access. 38. What can be learned about The Dorsal Effect? A. It is primarily focused on providing entertainment for tourists. B. It provides a more reliable income for local fishermen. C. It has successfully eliminated the demand for shark fins. D. It was funded by a former school teacher to focus on conservation. 39. The main idea of the passage can be concluded as _________. A. an eco-friendly way of living for fishermen worldwide B. an innovative ecotourism venture to help tackle shark fishing C. a personal journey from a water sport enthusiast to a marine researcher D. a successful business model to combine conservation with education 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Kathy Xu因野外遇鲨鱼受触动，创办生态旅游项目The Dorsal Effect的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Not only was she not scared of the whale shark, the then 29-year-old was so inspired by its beauty and grace that tears sprang to her eyes inside her snorkel mask. (不仅不害怕鲸鲨，这位当时29岁的女士还被它的美丽与优雅深深打动，浮潜面罩里的眼泪都涌了出来)”可知，Kathy Xu第一次在野外看到鲨鱼时是感动的。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In late 2012, Xu quit her full-time teaching job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect. In late 2013, The Dorsal Effect launched its first boat trip. Snorkellers paid＄120 for a one-day excursion to explore places that the local fishermen know about but could not be found on a Google search. (2012年底，Xu辞去了全职教学工作，专注于构建The Dorsal Effect。2013年底，The Dorsal Effect推出了第一次乘船旅行。浮潜者支付120美元参加一日游，探索当地渔民知道但在谷歌搜索中找不到的地方)”可知，Xu团队提供的浮潜点是仅当地渔民知晓的专属地点。故选C项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It provides a much more reliable income for the fishermen than the unstable and often dangerous job of shark fishing. (相比鲨鱼捕捞这种不稳定且危险的工作，它为渔民提供了更可靠的收入)”可知，The Dorsal Effect为当地渔民提供了更稳定的收入来源。故选B项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns (41岁的Xu为她在龙目岛看到的微小变化感到自豪，从渔民现在有了新的收入来源，到学生们在The Dorsal Effect的旅行中了解了鲨鱼。在过去十年里，全球对鱼翅的需求下降了——这是保护运动的一个可喜的结果)”及通读全文可知，全文围绕Kathy Xu通过开展生态旅游项目，既帮助渔民摆脱鲨鱼捕捞的危险工作，又推动鲨鱼保护展开，因此核心是“创新的生态旅游项目助力解决鲨鱼捕捞问题”。故选B项。 (B) ASK US ANYTHING How do you grow plants in the dark? Plants are crucial to human survival, even when there’s no sunlight. But dealing with darkness is second nature for someone like Howard Levine, chief scientist for NASA’s ISS Research Office. Space might be an extreme example, but enclosed, dark habitats exist on the ground too. Keeping your houseplants alive in windowless rooms or during short winter days can be a challenge. Luckily, there are strategiees to help, even when their sunny source of energy is limited. Mini indoor greenhouses Darkness usually means a decline in natural heat. In Iceland, horticulturist James McDaniel uses geothermal (地热的) heat in his greenhouses to protect his plants. Each of the structures has holes beneath that stretch deep to a pocket of steaming — hot water, he explains. “You can channel that steam into the pipes through the greenhouse and use natural airflow to keep the temperature a set range. “But you don’t need volcanic energy to run a mini indoor greenhouse, which can be as simple as putting a cabinet or shelf together. A heater can add warmth, although you might want to pair it with a dampness regulator to keep from drying your houseplants out. For individual plants, glass covers can trap heat from limited sunlight and also enclose water vapors, which protect plants from the air conditioner in the summer and the heater in the winter. Grow lights Plant grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy boost in dark spaces. These specialized light rays have different features, colors, and prices. LEDs, for instance, are the cheapest and most energy-efficient option, using about a third of the electricity of old lightbulbs. While most devices stick to a warm white band, plants respond differently to various color wavelengths. In Levine’s experiments on Earth, red light worked well for the thin flowering plants Arabidopsis. But in the ISS’s weightless environment, they stretched into funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. Bright surfaces If electricity is a limiting factor, you can try to reflect light with mirrors. Even brightening up your space with white decor, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow onto your plants. The makeup of your indoor garden will dictate how much brightness you need to add, Levine explains. Some plants including lettuce and tomatoes need more light than those like Arabidopsis. Therefore, research the plants’ native ranges to learn how much sunshine they’d naturally get. 40. If a gardener is planning to set up a mini indoor greenhouse in a room with limited sunlight, which of the following setups would be most effective for maintaining a suitable environment for plant growth? A. A cabinet with a heater and a dampness regulator. B. A shelf with glass covers for natural airflow. C. A greenhouse with holes connected to a geothermal heat source. D. A greenhouse with steam pipes for controlling volcanic energy. 41. The primary purpose of using grow lights for plants in dark environments is_________ A. to provide additional heat B. to create a decorative effect C. to supply energy through light D. to absorb light using special devices 42. According to the article, which method may work well for reflecting light to help plants grow? A. Using dark-colored tablecloths. B. Painting walls white. C. Replacing lightbulbs with LED lamps. D. Removing mirrors from the garden. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了在光线不足环境下种植植物的方法，包括小型室内温室的搭建、生长灯的使用及反光表面的应用等策略。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mini indoor greenhouses部分“A heater can add warmth, although you might want to pair it with a dampness regulator to keep from drying your houseplants out. (加热器可以增加温度，不过你可能需要搭配一个湿度调节器，以免室内植物干枯)”可知，在光照有限的房间搭建小型室内温室时，配备加热器和湿度调节器的橱柜能维持适宜的温湿度环境。故选A项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Grow lights部分“Plant grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy boost in dark spaces. (植物生长灯能在阴暗环境中轻松便捷地为植物补充生长所需的能量)”可知，补光灯的核心作用是通过光线为植物提供生长所需的能量。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Bright surfaces部分“Brightening up your space with white decor, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow onto your plants. (用白色装饰，如浅色桌布，提亮空间，会为植物投射少量光线)”可知，将墙壁刷成白色，类似用白色装饰的效果，它能反射光线，帮助植物生长。故选B项。 (C) When a fire at a supplier’s factory forced a temporary shutdown at the plant of a large European manufacturer of consumer goods, Tim Schweisfurth and his colleagues at the Technical University of Munich found a surprising upside: The idleness (闲散) led to an outpouring of ideas for improvements. The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity. We discovered this when we looked at the online system the company used to collect plant workers’ ideas and suggestions. People could enter submissions whenever they were on-site. Some proposed small changes, like replacing worn tools; others, major ones, such as a new paint-ordering system that saved the firm €280, 000 a year. The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers. We also studied an unexpected interruption at the plant that didn’t lead to idle time: a flood that required employees to clean up the damage. That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task. A similar thing happens when your focus immediately shifts after a social media app beeps to signal a new post. There are many good reasons to take a vacation, but our research doesn’t suggest it will improve your creativity at work, because it wouldn’t be an unexpected interruption. When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration. When we do something that allows us to totally disengage, such as taking a long weekend or a vacation, we don’t experience the same attention residue, so we don’t have the same kinds of breakthroughs. 43. What did the study find about employees who experienced a 4-day shutdown? A. Their creativity decreased significantly. B. They submitted mostly minor tool suggestions. C. Most of their ideas were approved by managers. D. They produced more and better ideas after returning. 44. What conclusion can be drawn concerning unexpected interruptions based on the_________. A. Idle time has a negative impact on the generation of creative ideas. B. Creativity depends upon how much attention remains on the original task. C. Creativity is determined by how focused an individual person is. D. Employees are motivated to be more creative in the face of a challenge. 45. The underlined words “attention residue” in the last paragraph means_________. A. persistent mental engagement B. fundamental spiritual basis C. temporary psychological refreshment D. habitual task-switching routine 46. Which of the following situations is most likely to boost creativity? A. An extended weekend at home. B. A five-day planned trip to a scenic spot. C. A short, unexpected break from work. D. An unexpected work-related assignment. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了慕尼黑工业大学的一项研究发现，即意外的中断，如工厂的临时停工，可以提升员工的创造力，而计划内的休息或中断，如长周末或假期，则不会对创造力产生同样的积极影响。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers.(工厂停工部分的8500名员工被送回家四天。在他们重返工作岗位后的三周内，他们提出的想法比未受中断的员工多58%。此外，他们的想法质量更高：经理们对被采纳的建议进行了评分，并确定，那些来自被搁置的员工的建议比其他员工的建议大约高出3个百分点)”可知，经历四天停工的员工在返回工作岗位后提出了更多且质量更高的想法。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task.(这一事件降低了创造性表现，因为工人们不得不把注意力转移到新的任务上)”和最后一段中“We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity.(我们认为原因与所谓的注意力残留有关——这是创造力的最佳点。即使我们已经转移到另一项活动，我们的大脑仍会继续思考对我们重要的事情)”可推知，意外中断后创造力是否提升取决于对原任务的注意力残留多少，即注意力是否仍部分集中在原任务上。故选B项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration.(即使我们已经转移到另一项活动，我们的大脑仍会继续思考对我们重要的事情。想想你在洗澡或推着购物车逛杂货店时，所有有过突破的时刻。这些见解都源于你大脑幕后的持续思考)”可知，后文解释了“attention residue”的具体表现，即大脑在切换任务后仍持续思考原问题，由此可推知，划线短语“attention residue”意为“持续的精神投入”。故选A项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity.(结论：意外的中断可以提高创造力)”和最后一段中“When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity.(当我们观察工厂里的第三种中断——长周末——时，我们发现人们重返工作岗位后，员工的建议并没有增加。我们认为原因与所谓的注意力残留有关——这是创造力的最佳点)”可知，意外的中断可以提升创造力，而计划内的休息(如长周末或假期)则不会产生同样的效果，因为后者不会留下“注意力残留”，由此可推知，一个短暂而意外的休息最有可能激发创造力。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____47____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____48____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____49____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____50____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蓝牙定位追踪器的用途、滥用风险，以及检测追踪器的方法。 【47题详解】 上文“Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. (技术能让人做很多非凡之事，但也会被滥用造成危害，幸运的是，更多技术发展能对抗这些负面用途)”提到“技术的双面性”和“技术发展”，下文“Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. (蓝牙定位追踪器的设计是为了帮助人们找回丢失的物品，比如手提箱或钱包)”介绍了“蓝牙定位追踪器”的设计初衷。选项E“追踪技术就是如此，近年来它经历了诸多改进”衔接“技术进步”与“追踪技术”的主题，符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 上文“But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. (但它们也会被未经许可放入他人包或车中，在对方不知情的情况下追踪)”说明追踪器的滥用风险，下文“Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger.(不幸的是，那些选择跟踪别人的人往往有不好的动机，把他们跟踪的人置于极大的危险之中)”进一步强调危害。选项B“蓝牙追踪器很小，所以被追踪者如果不知道去寻找，就很少能发现它们”解释了“滥用追踪器难以被察觉”的原因，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 下文“But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job.(但如果你的手机没有，或者你想检测更多品牌的追踪器，你可以下载能做更彻底工作的应用程序)”出现转折，说明可下载应用的情况。选项D“智能手机可以搜索追踪器，有些智能手机现在有内置设置，如果你被追踪，它会向你发送通知”介绍了“设备自带的追踪检测功能”，与下文的转折逻辑一致，符合语境。故选D。 【50题详解】 上文“There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. (追踪器被检测到和通知发出之间通常会有延迟)”说明检测通知的延迟特点，下文“For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. (例如，若他人钥匙上的追踪器在公共场合经过你，不会触发通知；但如果追踪器一整天都在你附近，尤其是在你移动的时候，它很可能是在你自己的东西上，应用程序会通知你)”举例说明延迟的原因。选项F“这是为了避免误报，以防追踪器属于恰好附近的其他人”解释了“通知延迟”的目的，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gretchen Rubin, inspired by a desire for happiness, launched a year-long project to explore ways to enhance her well-being. Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Gretchen Rubin的《幸福计划》及其核心内容。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. ②This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. ③In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. ④At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. ⑤According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment.  2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点重组为计划的起因与书籍的诞生，③④两个要点整合为计划的过程与核心结论，要点⑤提炼为书籍的特点。 3.遣词造句 Gretchen Rubin, realizing she wanted happiness, started a 12-month project to explore happiness-boosting ways, which became The Happiness Project. She tested theories and habits, and found small daily changes bring lasting happiness. The humorous, insightful book offers practical examples and advises meaningful improvements over fleeting resolutions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词完成式Having tested...and documented...作状语) 【高分句型2】The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. (运用了现在分词短语encouraging readers...作状语) IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 该校的作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 【答案】The school’s homework policy was revised after consultation with all teachers. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和动词时态语态。表示“作业政策”用短语homework policy；表示“修订”用动词revise，policy与revise是动宾关系且此句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态was revised；表示“与……商议后”用短语after consultation with，consultation是名词作宾语。故翻译为The school’s homework policy was revised after consultation with all teachers. 53. 若漠视生活中的小确幸，你的世界将会黯然失色，枯燥乏味。(or) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t ignore the small pleasures in life, or your world will become dull and colorless. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词、形容词和短语。根据提示词“or”及“若漠视……，将会黯然失色”可知，此处用“Don’t..., or...”句型；表示“漠视”用动词ignore；表示“生活中的小确幸”短语为the small pleasures in life，作宾语；表示“将会黯然失色，枯燥乏味”用will become dull and colorless，构成系表结构。故翻译为Don’t ignore the small pleasures in life, or your world will become dull and colorless. 54. 作家饱受战争摧残的童年充斥着不安，给他的作品投下阴影，孕育出黑暗的主题。(give rise) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 【答案】The writer’s war-torn childhood, filled with insecurity, cast a shadow over his works and gave rise to dark themes. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，非谓语动词和固定搭配。句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“作家的”用名词所有格the writer’s表示，“饱受战争摧残的童年”短语为war-torn childhood，“作家饱受战争摧残的童年”即The writer’s war-torn childhood，作主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“充斥着不安”用filled with insecurity，用过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词childhood；表示“给……投下阴影”短语为cast a shadow over...，动词使用过去式cast；表示“他的作品”用his works，作宾语，即cast a shadow over his works；根据提示give rise可知，此处表示 “孕育出”用固定搭配give rise to，give使用过去式gave，表示 “黑暗的主题”用dark themes，作宾语，即gave rise to dark themes；用and连接并列的谓语动词。故翻译为The writer’s war-torn childhood, filled with insecurity, cast a shadow over his works and gave rise to dark themes. 55. 睡姿关乎心脑健康，因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。（where）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Sleeping posture matters to heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose a position where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、连词和形式主语it。表示“睡姿”用Sleeping posture，作主语；表示“关乎……”用matter to...；表示“心脑健康”短语为heart and brain health，作宾语；表示“做某事是明智之举”用固定句型it is wise to do sth.；表示“选择一个睡姿”用choose a position；表示“你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的”用where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night，此处是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词position，where在从句中作地点状语；前后句是因果关系，逗号后用so连接。故翻译为Sleeping posture matters to heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose a position where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night. V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请根据所给图片，完成一篇结构完整的英语短文。内容需包括： 1. 描述图片中的主要内容； 2. 阐释它给你带来的启示与思考。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The image presents two contrasting self-perceptions of progress. On the left, a person stares dejectedly at a glass, lamenting, “I failed! There’s still so much to go,” seeing only the empty upper half. On the right, another person looks at the same glass cheerfully, exclaiming, “Wow! I’ve already come this far,” focusing on the filled lower portion. This powerful visual metaphor highlights that our perspective shapes our reality. The exact same situation — a half-filled glass — can be a source of discouragement or motivation, depending solely on where we choose to focus. It teaches me that in the face of any challenge, nurturing a mindset of gratitude for progress made, rather than fixation on the remaining distance, is crucial for resilience and sustained effort. Ultimately, success is not just about the objective amount achieved, but about the hopeful lens through which we view our journey. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求考生描述图片中对同一个半满杯子的两种不同态度，阐释其带来的启示。 【详解】1.词汇积累 沮丧气馁的：dejectedly → discouraged/ disheartened/ dispirited 聚焦：focus on → concentrate on 持续的：sustained → continuous/ consistent 韧性：resilience → tenacity/ perseverance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This powerful visual metaphor highlights that our perspective shapes our reality. 拓展句：This impactful visual metaphor emphasizes that our point of view shapes our reality. 【点睛】【高分句型1】On the left, a person stares dejectedly at a glass, lamenting, “I failed! There’s still so much to go,” seeing only the empty upper half. (运用了现在分词lamenting和seeing作状语) 【高分句型2】It teaches me that in the face of any challenge, nurturing a mindset of gratitude for progress made, rather than fixation on the remaining distance, is crucial for resilience and sustained effort. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词短语nurturing a mindset作主语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 杨浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研 英语学科 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择 题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dehorning Rhinos (犀牛) Helps Save Them According to new research, cutting off rhinos’ horns reduces the poaching (偷猎) of the animals by nearly 80%. Rhinos are hunted for their horns, and scientists think there are now fewer than 28,000 rhinos____1____ (leave) in the world. A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods used in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 2017 and 2023. About 25% of Africa’s rhino population lives in Greater Kruger, and the researchers wanted to find out____2____ methods worked well. The protection methods____3____studied included using detection cameras, tracking dogs, helicopters, and guards to keep an eye out for poachers. More than 700 poachers were arrested, but the researchers found that____4____ (arrest) the illegal hunters didn’t significantly reduce the number of rhinos that were killed. ____5____ (call) the method “dehorning”, the researchers are now cutting off the rhinos’ horns in an attempt to protect them. This doesn’t hurt the animals because their horns are made of keratin, the same substance that____6____ (make) up human hair and fingernails. The horns can grow back over time, so the average rhino needs to be dehorned every 18 months____7____two years. The researchers found that dehorning reduced poaching by 78%. While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are____8____ (likely) to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they wander is much smaller. Scientists think that____9____ rhinos use their horns in battles to protect their territory, without a horn they may become more careful and avoid conflicts. Researchers maintain that addressing the root causes of illegal hunting____10____ be the top priority for a long-term solution, instead of dehorning rhinos. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Do I Need to Parent My Only Child in a Different Way? Q: I have an only child, and people often comment about them being at risk of becoming spoiled, selfish, or unable to socialize. Now I’m worrying about how I can make sure I am raising my child in the right way. A: Firstly, I want to say I am deeply sorry that anyone would make such comments. These ideas about “who” your child may be are ____11____ of that person’s anxieties and discomfort, and are sadly ignorant. British concerns about only children’s social development emerged in 1850, linking their ____12____ spoiling to insufficient peer interaction and extremely high adult contact throughout the 19th-20th centuries. Recent research has ____13____ these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences between children who have siblings (兄弟姐妹) and those who don’t. In fact, some studies report that only children may be more confident, emotionally strong, and have a better quality of life. But these findings cannot be ____14____ from the context of most of this research taking place within middle-class families. What we can say with ____15____ is that only children are much more like other children (who have siblings) than they are different. The truth is, it’s not the number of siblings a child has that ____16____ them into the adult they become. Their relationship with their parents actually has the greatest influence on their development. So, if you want to raise your child well, keep focusing on the relationship you are ____17____ with them, and get curious about who they are and what they are trying to communicate and express. Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____21____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____22____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____23____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____24____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____25____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____26____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____27____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____28____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____29____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____30____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____31____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____32____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____33____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____34____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____35____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 21. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 22. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 23. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 24. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 25. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 26. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 27. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 28. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 29. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 30. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 31. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 32. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 33. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 34. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 35. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Kathy Xu had always wanted to see a shark in the wild. The opportunity finally came in 2011, when she went on a snorkelling trip (浮潜之旅). Not only was she not scared of the whale shark, the then 29-year-old was so inspired by its beauty and grace that tears sprang to her eyes inside her snorkel mask. After returning home to Singapore, Xu learned about the shark trade taking place at one of Indonesia’s largest fish markets, where shark parts including meat and teeth are cut up for export, with the fins being the most prized. Curious, Xu packed her bags and headed to Tanjung Luar, on the island of Lombok. There, she spoke with several fishermen. Shark fishing is risky and involves hard physical work, but it is one of the few ways for them to provide for their families. The fishermen were knowledgeable and felt a great sense of pride for the local sea life. Once they heard that Xu liked to snorkel, they urged her to visit the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) near the fish market. The reefs were breathtaking, overflowing with life and colour. Xu was confident that ecotourism was the solution. “I told them I'd pay them to take tourists out to see these snorkelling hotspots,” she says. In late 2012, Xu quit her full-time teaching job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect. In late 2013, The Dorsal Effect launched its first boat trip. Snorkellers paid ＄120 for a one-day excursion to explore places that the local fishermen know about but could not be found on a Google search. It provides a much more reliable income for the fishermen than the unstable and often dangerous job of shark fishing. For now, Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns — but stricter government regulation is needed. 36. How did Kathy Xu feel the first time she saw a shark in the wild? A. Scared. B. Curious. C. Sad. D. Moved. 37. What was special about the snorkeling sites offered by Xu's team? A. They were only accessible to experienced divers. B. They were popular destinations listed on travel websites. C. They were exclusive locations known only to local fishermen. D. They were protected areas with restricted access. 38. What can be learned about The Dorsal Effect? A. It is primarily focused on providing entertainment for tourists. B. It provides a more reliable income for local fishermen. C. It has successfully eliminated the demand for shark fins. D. It was funded by a former school teacher to focus on conservation. 39. The main idea of the passage can be concluded as _________. A. an eco-friendly way of living for fishermen worldwide B. an innovative ecotourism venture to help tackle shark fishing C. a personal journey from a water sport enthusiast to a marine researcher D. a successful business model to combine conservation with education (B) ASK US ANYTHING How do you grow plants in the dark? Plants are crucial to human survival, even when there’s no sunlight. But dealing with darkness is second nature for someone like Howard Levine, chief scientist for NASA’s ISS Research Office. Space might be an extreme example, but enclosed, dark habitats exist on the ground too. Keeping your houseplants alive in windowless rooms or during short winter days can be a challenge. Luckily, there are strategiees to help, even when their sunny source of energy is limited. Mini indoor greenhouses Darkness usually means a decline in natural heat. In Iceland, horticulturist James McDaniel uses geothermal (地热的) heat in his greenhouses to protect his plants. Each of the structures has holes beneath that stretch deep to a pocket of steaming — hot water, he explains. “You can channel that steam into the pipes through the greenhouse and use natural airflow to keep the temperature a set range. “But you don’t need volcanic energy to run a mini indoor greenhouse, which can be as simple as putting a cabinet or shelf together. A heater can add warmth, although you might want to pair it with a dampness regulator to keep from drying your houseplants out. For individual plants, glass covers can trap heat from limited sunlight and also enclose water vapors, which protect plants from the air conditioner in the summer and the heater in the winter. Grow lights Plant grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy boost in dark spaces. These specialized light rays have different features, colors, and prices. LEDs, for instance, are the cheapest and most energy-efficient option, using about a third of the electricity of old lightbulbs. While most devices stick to a warm white band, plants respond differently to various color wavelengths. In Levine’s experiments on Earth, red light worked well for the thin flowering plants Arabidopsis. But in the ISS’s weightless environment, they stretched into funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. Bright surfaces If electricity is a limiting factor, you can try to reflect light with mirrors. Even brightening up your space with white decor, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow onto your plants. The makeup of your indoor garden will dictate how much brightness you need to add, Levine explains. Some plants including lettuce and tomatoes need more light than those like Arabidopsis. Therefore, research the plants’ native ranges to learn how much sunshine they’d naturally get. 40. If a gardener is planning to set up a mini indoor greenhouse in a room with limited sunlight, which of the following setups would be most effective for maintaining a suitable environment for plant growth? A. A cabinet with a heater and a dampness regulator. B. A shelf with glass covers for natural airflow. C. A greenhouse with holes connected to a geothermal heat source. D. A greenhouse with steam pipes for controlling volcanic energy. 41. The primary purpose of using grow lights for plants in dark environments is_________ A. to provide additional heat B. to create a decorative effect C. to supply energy through light D. to absorb light using special devices 42. According to the article, which method may work well for reflecting light to help plants grow? A. Using dark-colored tablecloths. B. Painting walls white. C. Replacing lightbulbs with LED lamps. D. Removing mirrors from the garden. (C) When a fire at a supplier’s factory forced a temporary shutdown at the plant of a large European manufacturer of consumer goods, Tim Schweisfurth and his colleagues at the Technical University of Munich found a surprising upside: The idleness (闲散) led to an outpouring of ideas for improvements. The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity. We discovered this when we looked at the online system the company used to collect plant workers’ ideas and suggestions. People could enter submissions whenever they were on-site. Some proposed small changes, like replacing worn tools; others, major ones, such as a new paint-ordering system that saved the firm €280, 000 a year. The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers. We also studied an unexpected interruption at the plant that didn’t lead to idle time: a flood that required employees to clean up the damage. That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task. A similar thing happens when your focus immediately shifts after a social media app beeps to signal a new post. There are many good reasons to take a vacation, but our research doesn’t suggest it will improve your creativity at work, because it wouldn’t be an unexpected interruption. When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration. When we do something that allows us to totally disengage, such as taking a long weekend or a vacation, we don’t experience the same attention residue, so we don’t have the same kinds of breakthroughs. 43. What did the study find about employees who experienced a 4-day shutdown? A. Their creativity decreased significantly. B. They submitted mostly minor tool suggestions. C. Most of their ideas were approved by managers. D. They produced more and better ideas after returning. 44. What conclusion can be drawn concerning unexpected interruptions based on the_________. A. Idle time has a negative impact on the generation of creative ideas. B. Creativity depends upon how much attention remains on the original task. C. Creativity is determined by how focused an individual person is. D. Employees are motivated to be more creative in the face of a challenge. 45. The underlined words “attention residue” in the last paragraph means_________. A. persistent mental engagement B. fundamental spiritual basis C. temporary psychological refreshment D. habitual task-switching routine 46. Which of the following situations is most likely to boost creativity? A. An extended weekend at home. B. A five-day planned trip to a scenic spot. C. A short, unexpected break from work. D. An unexpected work-related assignment. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____47____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____48____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____49____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____50____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. Ⅲ.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 该校的作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 53. 若漠视生活中的小确幸，你的世界将会黯然失色，枯燥乏味。(or) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 54. 作家饱受战争摧残的童年充斥着不安，给他的作品投下阴影，孕育出黑暗的主题。(give rise) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 55. 睡姿关乎心脑健康，因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。（where）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请根据所给图片，完成一篇结构完整的英语短文。内容需包括： 1. 描述图片中的主要内容； 2. 阐释它给你带来的启示与思考。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $