Unit 7 Happy Birthday词汇和知识点- 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级上册

本初中英语讲义围绕“Happy Birthday!”主题，系统整合词汇（如celebrate多词性变化、surprise用法）、短语（如blow out candles, make a wish）及核心语法点，构建从基础词汇到句型应用的学习支架，涵盖日期表达（序数词+月份）、时间介词on/in/at辨析、疑问词how much/how many用法等关键内容。 资料通过词性对比表（如surprise/surprised/surprising）、语法辨析表格（时间介词适用范围及例句）及分层练习，助力学生提升语言能力（精准运用词汇句型）和思维品质（对比分析语法差异）。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可借助练习查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Unit 7 Happy Birthday! 单词 celebrate v.庆祝 celebration n. 庆祝 surprise 惊喜；使惊讶 party n. 聚会 something pron.某事，某物 balloon n. 气球 sale n. 销售，促销 chocolate n. 巧克力 kilo(=kilogram) n. 千克，公斤 pizza n. 比萨 yogurt n. 酸奶 candle n. 蜡烛 total 总计的；总数 cake n. 蛋糕 price n. 价格 enjoy v. 享受 list 清单；列出来 contact v./n. 接触；联系 own 自己的；拥有 blow v. 吹 example n.例子，实例 grow v. 成长；生长 language n.语言 symbol n. 象征 international adj. 国际的 village n. 村庄 mark 分数；标记 height n. 高度 national adj.国家的，全国性的 later adv. 稍后 found v. 创立，建立（find 的过去式） whom pron. 谁（宾格） meaningful adj. 有意义的 birthday n. 生日 meaningless adj. 无意义的 post v./n. 发布；邮件 sell v.出售 priceless adj.无价的 短语 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 mark with 用...做标记 on sale 出售 go ahead 继续 in total 总共 how much 多少（用于不可数名词） in a good price 以一个合理的价格 how many 多少（用于可数名词复数） make a list 列清单 birthday gift 生日礼物 blow up a balloon 吹气球 have a sale 举行促销活动 on one’s own 独自地 National Day 国庆节 for example 例如 buy...for... 为……买…… how old 多大年纪 blow out 吹灭 be meaningful to... 对……有意义 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 post office 邮局 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 keep in contact with... 与……保持联系 the height of... ……的高度 grow up 长大 plant a tree 种一棵树 make a wish 许愿 next time 下次 have a birthday cake 吃生日蛋糕 want to do sth. 想要做某事 take a photo 拍照 do something different 做一些不同的事情 birthday noodles 长寿面 a symbol of long life 长寿的象征 知识点： 1.“几月几日”的表达：先写日(用序数词)，再写月。例：2rd March 3月2日 月份： 中文月份 英文全称 英文缩写 一月 January Jan. 二月 February Feb. 三月 March Mar. 四月 April Apr. 五月 May 无缩写 六月 June Jun. 七月 July Jul. 八月 August Aug. 九月 September Sep./Sept. 十月 October Oct. 十一月 November Nov. 十二月 December Dec. 日： 基数词 序数词（单词形式） 序数词（数字+后缀） 备注 1 first 1st 特殊变形 2 second 2nd 特殊变形 3 third 3rd 特殊变形 4 fourth 4th 直接加 th 5 fifth 5th ve 变 f 加 th 6 sixth 6th 直接加 th 7 seventh 7th 直接加 th 8 eighth 8th 去 t 加 th 9 ninth 9th 去 e 加 th 10 tenth 10th 直接加 th 11 eleventh 11th 直接加 th 12 twelfth 12th ve 变 f 加 th 13 thirteenth 13th 直接加 th 14 fourteenth 14th 直接加 th 15 fifteenth 15th 直接加 th 16 sixteenth 16th 直接加 th 17 seventeenth 17th 直接加 th 18 eighteenth 18th 直接加 th 19 nineteenth 19th 直接加 th 20 twentieth 20th y 变 ie 加 th 21 twenty-first 21st 只变个位 22 twenty-second 22nd 只变个位 23 twenty-third 23rd 只变个位 24 twenty-fourth 24th 只变个位 25 twenty-fifth 25th 只变个位 26 twenty-sixth 26th 只变个位 27 twenty-seventh 27th 只变个位 28 twenty-eighth 28th 只变个位 29 twenty-ninth 29th 只变个位 30 thirtieth 30th y 变 ie 加 th 31 thirty-first 31st 只变个位 练习： 1.My mother's birthday is ______ May 5th. A. in B. on C. at 2.—When is Children's Day?—It's on ______. A. June 1 B. 1st June C. both A and B 3.______ is the National Day of China? A. What B. When C. How old 4.The sports meeting is on the ______ of August. A. twelve B. twelfth C. twelveth 2.询问生日的句型：—When is sb’s birthday? —It’s on + 日期./ It’s in + 月份. 例：When is your birthday？你的生日是什么时候？ It's on 1st May.五月一日。 介绍某人的生日：Sb’s birthday is on + 日期. 例：My birthday is on 2rd January. 练习： 1.__________ ______ your birthday?（你的生日是什么时候？ 2.My mother's birthday is ______ May 5th. A. in B. on C. at 3.—When is Children's Day?—It's on ______. A. June 1st B. 1th June C. June one 4.—______ is your father's birthday?—It's on March 10th. A. When B. What C. How old 5.—______ is Tom?—He is twelve years old. A. When B. How old C. What 3.辨析时间介词 on/in/at ，三者都表示 “在…… 时候” 介词 适用范围 例句 on 1. 具体日期（几月几日） 2. 具体星期 3. 带修饰词的上午 / 下午 / 晚上 - My birthday is on October 1st. - We have a party on Sunday. - He was born on a rainy morning. in 1. 年 / 月 / 季节 2. 泛指的上午 / 下午 / 晚上 - in 2025; in July; in winter - in the morning; in the afternoon at 1. 具体时刻（几点几分） 2. 固定搭配 - at 7:30; at 8 o'clock - at noon; at night 练习：用 on/in/at 填空 1.We have an English party ______ Friday afternoon. 2.My birthday is ______ October 12th. 3.She usually gets up ______ 6:30 a.m. 4.It often snows here ______ winter. 5.They will have a trip ______ 2025. 6.The meeting starts ______ the morning of September 1st. 7.His father was born ______ 1990. 8.I go to the park ______ Sundays. 9.The concert is ______ three o'clock ______ the afternoon. 4.surprise的用法 词性 含义 常用搭配/结构 例句 名词 惊讶； 惊喜 a surprise 一个惊喜 We prepared a surprise for her birthday. 我们为她的生日准备了一个惊喜。 in surprise 惊讶地 He looked at me in surprise. 他惊讶地看着我。 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, he won the game. 令我惊讶的是，他赢了比赛。 give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜 I want to give my mom a surprise on Mother’s Day. 我想在母亲节给妈妈一个惊喜。 动词 使吃惊；使意外 surprise sb. 使某人惊讶 The good news surprised all of us. 这个好消息让我们所有人都很惊讶。 be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事 She was surprised to see her old friend. 她看到老朋友很惊讶。 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 My teacher is surprised at my progress. 我的老师对我的进步感到惊讶。 形 容 词 surprised 感到惊讶的 多用于人作主语，表达主观感受，修饰人 I’m surprised at the result. 我对这个结果感到惊讶。 surprising 令人惊讶的 多用于事物、现象作主语，强调客观性质，修饰事或物 It’s a surprising story. 这是一个令人惊讶的故事。 练习：用 surprise/surprised/surprising 填空 1.To my ______, my best friend came to my birthday party. 2.She looked very ______ when she heard the good news. 3.It is a ______ result. No one expected it. 4.My parents want to give me a big ______ on my birthday. 5. how much和how many的用法 疑问词 修饰对象 例句 how much 1. 不可数名词 2. 询问价格 How much milk do you need? 你需要多少牛奶？ How much is this book? 这本书多少钱？ how many 可数名词复数 How many apples are there in the box? 盒子里有多少个苹果？ 练习：用 how much 或 how many 填空 1.______________ apples do you want? 2._____________ milk is there in the bottle? 3._____________ books are there on the desk? 4._____________ is this pair of shoes? 5._____________ water do you drink every day? 6._____________ people are there in your family? 6. buy...for...的用法 用法类别 结构形式 例句 表示“为某人购买某物” buy + 物品 + for + 人 My dad buys a new bike for me. 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。 Can you buy some snacks for us? 你能给我们买些零食吗？ 表示“以……价格购买某物” buy + 物品 + for + 金额 He bought this T-shirt for 50 yuan. 他花50元买了这件T恤。 They bought these books for 20 dollars. 他们花20美元买了这些书。 同义句型转换 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. She buys me a pen. = She buys a pen for me. 她给我买了一支笔。 练习： 1.I want to ______ a gift ______ my best friend. A. buy; to B. buy; for C. buy; / 2.My uncle bought a watch ______ 200 dollars. A. with B. for C. on 3.I like this toy car. Please ______ it ______ me. A. buy; for B. buy; to C. buy; / 4.She ______ some apples ______ her brother last week. A. buys; for B. bought; for C. bought; to 7. enjoy的用法 用法 含义 例句 易错点 enjoy+ 名词/代词 喜欢某物 / 某人； 享受某事 I enjoy the birthday cake. She enjoys it a lot. enjoy是及物动词，必须接宾语，不能单独使用 enjoy + doing 喜欢做某事 He enjoys playing football. We enjoy watching TV at night. enjoy oneself 玩得开心； 过得愉快 = have a good time =have fun Did you enjoy yourself at the party? The kids enjoyed themselves in the park. 反身代词要和主语对应： I → myself； they → themselves 变形：enjoyable（形容词）,令人愉快的；enjoyment（名词）,愉快；乐趣 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My brother enjoys ______ (play) basketball after school. 2.We all enjoy ______ (watch) cartoons on weekends. 3.Did you enjoy ______ (you) at the birthday party? 4.She enjoys ______ (read) storybooks before going to bed. 8. 形容词修饰复合不定代词 常见的复合不定代词： 类别 代词 含义 指人 someone / somebody 某人 anyone / anybody 任何人 everyone / everybody 每个人 no one / nobody 没人 指物 something 某物 anything 任何事物 everything 一切事物 nothing 没有东西 结构：复合不定代词 + 形容词。 例：something important 当复合不定代词后接形容词 + 不定式（to do）时，形容词仍放在代词后 例：She wants something nice to wear to the party. 练习： 1.I'm hungry. I want to eat ______. A. something delicious B. delicious something C. anything delicious 2.There isn't ______ in the box. It's empty. A. something important B. important anything C. anything important 3.—Did you do ______ last weekend?—Yes, I visited my grandparents. A. something interesting B. interesting anything C. anything interesting 4.We need ______ to help us with the work. A. someone strong B. strong someone C. anyone strong 9. 特殊疑问词 类别 疑问词 含义 用法 & 例句 问时间 when 什么时候 对时间点、时间段提问 — When is your birthday? — It's on July 5th. what time 几点钟 对具体时刻提问（更精准） — What time do you get up? — At 7:00 a.m. 问地点 where 在哪里 — Where is the park? — It's near the school. 问人/身份 who 谁 对主语或宾语的人提问 — Who is that girl? — She is my sister. whom 谁（宾格） 对宾语的人提问（正式用法） — Whom are you waiting for? — My father. 问物品 /事物 what 什么 — What is this? — It's a book. 问数量 how many 多少 对可数名词复数数量提问 — How many pens do you have? — Three. 问数量/价格 how much 多少；多少钱 1. 对不可数名词数量提问 — How much milk do you need? — A glass. 2. 对价格提问 — How much is this T-shirt? — 50 yuan. 问方式 / 程度 how 怎样；如何 对方式、程度、身体状况等提问 1：— How do you go to school? — By bike. 2：— How are you? — I'm fine. 问年龄 how old 多大年纪 — How old is your brother? — He's 10. 问时间/长度 how long 多长时间；多长 对时间段提问 — How long do you study every day? —For 2 hours. 对物体长度提问 — How long is the desk? — 1 meter. 问距离 how far 多远 对距离提问 — How far is it from your home to school? — 2 kilometers. 问原因 why 为什么 回答用 because — Why do you like English? — Because it's interesting. 问所属关系 whose 谁的 — Whose bag is this? — It's Lily's. 问选择 which 哪一个 / 哪些 — Which book do you like? — The red one. 注意： 特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序（be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词提前） ✅ Where is your pen? ✅ What do you like? 若疑问词在句中作主语，后面直接跟陈述句语序 ✅ Who is in the classroom? ✅ What happened yesterday? 练习： 1． 单项选择 1.—______ is the library?—It's next to the hospital. A. When B. Where C. What 2.—______ apples do you want?—Two kilos. A. How much B. How many C. How 3.—______ is your mother?—She is thirty-five years old. A. How old B. How C. Who 4.—______ do you often do on weekends?—I often watch TV. A. Where B. What C. Why 5.—______ shirt is this?—It's my brother's. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose 二．用适当的特殊疑问词填空 1.—_____________ is your English teacher?—Miss Li. 2.—_____________ do you usually get up?—At 6:30 a.m. 3.—_____________ is your schoolbag?—It's on the desk. 4.—_____________ books do you have?—I have five. 5.—_____________ is this T-shirt?—It's 30 yuan. 6.—_____________ do you like pandas?—Because they are cute. 7.—_____________ pen is this?—It's Tom's. 8.—_____________ subject do you like best?—Math. 9.—_____________ is your birthday?—It's on October 1st. 10.—_____________ do you go to school every day?—By bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $