2026年中考英语专题复习讲义——动词时态（一）

中考英语专题复习讲义——动词时态（一） 考点1：一般现在时 ●用法精讲： 表示习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实 第三人称单数需加-s/-es ●速记口诀： 经常习惯真理，一般现在牢记 ●典型例题： She ____ to school every day. (walks) The sun ____ in the east. (rises) ●举一反三： He ____ basketball on weekends. (plays) Water ____ at 100°C. (boils) They ____ English classes daily. (attend) 考点2：现在进行时 ●用法精讲： 表示正在进行的动作（am/is/are + doing） 常与now, look, listen等词连用 ●速记口诀： 动作正进行，be加doing形 ●典型例题： Look! They ____ football. (are playing) I ____ dinner now. (am cooking) ●举一反三： She ____ a letter. (is writing) The birds ____. (are singing) We ____ for the bus. (are waiting) 考点3：一般过去时 ●用法精讲： 表示过去发生的动作（动词过去式） 常与yesterday, last week等连用 ●速记口诀： 过去动作已完成，动词变形要记清 ●典型例题： He ____ TV last night. (watched) They ____ to Beijing in 2020. (went) ●举一反三： I ____ my homework yesterday. (finished) She ____ late this morning. (arrived) We ____ the museum last Sunday. (visited) 考点4：过去进行时 ●用法精讲： 表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作（was/were + doing） 常与at that time, when从句连用 ●速记口诀： 过去正进行，was/were加doing ●典型例题： I ____ when he called. (was sleeping) They ____ at 8 pm yesterday. (were studying) ●举一反三： She ____ dinner when I arrived. (was cooking) The phone rang while we ____. (were talking) He ____ a book at that time. (was reading) 考点5：现在完成时 ●用法精讲： 表示已完成但对现在有影响的动作（have/has + done） 常与just, already, never, ever连用 ●速记口诀： 过去动作影响今，have/has加过去分 ●典型例题： She ____ her homework. (has finished) I ____ never ____ sushi. (have; tried) ●举一反三： He ____ just ____ the report. (has; completed) They ____ already ____ lunch. (have; had) ____ you ever ____ to London? (Have; been) 考点6：过去完成时 ●用法精讲： 表示"过去的过去"（had + done） 常与by the time, before从句连用 ●速记口诀： 过去的过去动作，had加过去分词 ●典型例题： By 2020, he ____ in Beijing for 5 years. (had lived) She left after she ____ the letter. (had written) ●举一反三： When I arrived, they ____ already ____. (had; left) He realized he ____ his keys. (had lost) By then, we ____ the project. (had finished) 考点7：一般将来时 ●用法精讲： 表示将来动作（will/shall + do 或 be going to） will表临时决定，be going to表计划 ●速记口诀： 将来动作将发生，will或be going to ●典型例题： I ____ you tomorrow. (will call) They ____ to Paris next month. (are going to travel) ●举一反三： She ____ a doctor when she grows up. (will be) Look at the clouds! It ____. (is going to rain) We ____ the meeting at 3 pm. (will start) 考点8：过去将来时 ●用法精讲： 表示从过去看将来（would + do 或 was/were going to） 常用于宾语从句中 ●速记口诀： 过去视角看将来，would加动词原形 ●典型例题： He said he ____ the next day. (would come) They knew it ____ soon. (was going to rain) ●举一反三： She promised she ____ me. (would help) I thought I ____ late. (would be) We planned we ____ by train. (would go) 考点9：现在完成进行时 ●用法精讲： 表示持续到现在的动作（have/has been doing） 强调动作的持续性 ●速记口诀： 动作持续到现在，have/has been加doing ●典型例题： She ____ for 2 hours. (has been reading) How long ____ you ____ English? (have; been studying) ●举一反三： It ____ since morning. (has been raining) They ____ all day. (have been working) I ____ this project for weeks. (have been doing) 考点10：瞬间动词限制 ●用法精讲： begin/end/die等瞬间动词不用于进行时 完成时中不与for+时间段连用 ●速记口诀： 瞬间动词有特性，进行完成要慎用 ●典型例题： The meeting has begun. (√) The meeting has begun for 10 minutes. (×) ●举一反三： He has died. (√) He has died for 3 years. (×) The train has arrived. (√) 考点11：时态呼应 ●用法精讲： 主句过去时，从句需用相应过去时态 ●速记口诀： 主句若过去，从句跟过去 ●典型例题： He said he ____ busy. (was) I thought you ____ there. (had been) ●举一反三： She knew we ____ early. (would come) They believed it ____ true. (was) We heard she ____ ill. (was) 考点12：时间状语匹配 ●用法精讲： every day→一般现在时 yesterday→一般过去时 now→现在进行时 ●速记口诀： 时间状语是关键，时态搭配要准确 ●典型例题： ____ you often ____ to music? (Do; listen) They ____ football now. (are playing) ●举一反三： She ____ late yesterday. (arrived) We ____ every morning. (run) He ____ TV at the moment. (is watching) 考点13：被动语态时态 ●用法精讲： 被动语态结构：be + done（be随主句时态变化） ●速记口诀： 被动语态看时态，be加过去分词 ●典型例题： The letter ____ yesterday. (was written) The project ____ next month. (will be completed) ●举一反三： English ____ worldwide. (is spoken) The cake ____ already. (has been eaten) The room ____ when I arrived. (was being cleaned) 考点14：时态对比辨析 ●用法精讲： 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时： 过去时强调动作时间，完成时强调影响 ●速记口诀： 过去时重时间点，完成时重影响现 ●典型例题： He ____ Beijing last year. (visited) He ____ Beijing twice. (has visited) ●举一反三： I ____ the book yesterday. (read) I ____ the book already. (have read) They ____ the movie last night. (saw) 考点15：语境时态判断 ●用法精讲： 根据上下文逻辑判断时态 时间状语缺失时需分析动作关系 ●速记口诀： 语境逻辑定时态，动作关系细分析 ●典型例题： When I got home, Mom ____ dinner. (was cooking) By the time he arrived, we ____ the work. (had finished) ●举一反三： She ____ when the phone rang. (was studying) They ____ before we came. (had left) If it rains, we ____ inside. (will stay) 动词时态闯关训练 1.She usually ____ at 6 am. A. wake up B. wakes up C. woke up D. waking up 2.Listen! Someone ____ at the door. A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. was knocking 3.We ____ a picnic last Sunday. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 4.When I called, he ____ a shower. A. takes B. took C. is taking D. was taking 5.I ____ my keys. Can you help me find them? A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. am losing 6.By 2020, she ____ in Shanghai for a decade. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 7.They ____ to Japan next week. A. travel B. traveled C. will travel D. are traveling 8.He promised he ____ me. A. helps B. helped C. will help D. would help 9.It ____ since last night. A. rains B. rained C. is raining D. has been raining 10.The concert has ____. A. begin B. began C. begun D. begins 11.She said she ____ tired. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 12.I ____ tennis every weekend. A. play B. played C. am playing D. have played 13.The bridge ____ next year. A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built 14.He ____ the letter before she called. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. had written 15.If you study hard, you ____ the exam. A. pass B. passed C. will pass D. would pass 【答案】 1.B（考点1→一般现在时第三人称单数） 2.C（考点2→现在进行时表正发生） 3.B（考点3→last Sunday用一般过去时） 4.D（考点4→过去进行时表当时正进行） 5.C（考点5→现在完成时表影响现在） 6.D（考点6→过去完成时表"过去的过去"） 7.C（考点7→一般将来时表计划） 8.D（考点8→过去将来时用于宾语从句） 9.D（考点9→现在完成进行时表持续） 10.C（考点10→瞬间动词用完成时） 11.B（考点11→主句过去时，从句需过去时） 12.A（考点12→every weekend用一般现在时） 13.D（考点13→将来时被动语态） 14.D（考点14→过去完成时表"过去的过去"） 15.C（考点15→条件句主句用将来时） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $