考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（各地名校最新好题）（期末复习专项训练）高一英语上学期外研版

专题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题4 人际关系 话题2 食物（常考点） 话题5 环境保护 话题3 语言与文化（常考点） 话题6 自然生态 话题1 学校生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川成都·期末） When I was in middle school, I met my English literature teacher, who was new to teaching. She was only 22 but she always did her best to make learning fun. She would give us a special mini-notebook for every student’s birthday. I had this simple small notebook. She had filled the first few pages telling me how much she loved having me as a student, how far she knew I would go, and other affirmations. It seemed small but for a 13-year-old child who had a hard home life, it meant a lot! In my junior year of high school, in one English class, we were discussing a story when one student called Carl made a comment. The teacher was dismissive (不屑一顾的) and said Carl was wrong. The next day, the teacher said he was wrong to dismiss what Carl said so quickly. “Let’s take a look at that again.” After the discussion, it became clear that Carl’s comment was indeed unreasonable, but I was impressed that the teacher recognized his mistake publicly and did what he should. When I was in Grade One, my mother gave me a really odd haircut. On the first day back at school, the kids laughed at me, so I ran out and hid. The headmaster found me and took me back. He asked me to wait outside for a minute while he talked to the class. The next day, we had a meeting with the whole school and he walked up on the stage with all his hair cut and criticized (批评) the bad behavior. Twenty years later, I met him at the local college. I thought he didn’t remember me, but he said my name and the event. He was and is a hero in my eyes. 1．What does the underlined word “affirmations” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Orders. B．Suggestions. C．Encouragements. D．Descriptions. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Carl read a new story to the class before discussion. B．The author was impressed by the teacher’s teaching method. C．The English teacher made an immediate apology to Carl in class. D．Carl’s comment wasn’t paid much attention by the teacher at first. 3．Which of the following best describes the headmaster? A．Honest and brave. B．Patient and organized. C．Funny and strict. D．Kind and respectable. 4．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a life column. B．In science fiction. C．In a fashion magazine. D．In a guidebook. Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川成都） A recent study from the University of Minnesota has discovered a simple and powerful way to improve student learning: more natural light. The research team found that students in classrooms with large windows and plenty of sunlight showed considerably better learning performance and focus levels, compared to those in classrooms with smaller windows or primarily artificial (人工的) lighting. Dr. Emily Carter, the lead researcher, explained the findings. “We’ve long believed that environment matters, but this study provides strong evidence (证据) specifically for natural light,” she said. “It’s not just about seeing better; it’s about the biological influence of sunlight on our focus and mood. This could be a game-changer for how we design schools.” She added that spending money on better window design and skylights could be a cost-effective way to improve students’ learning performance. The study involved 101 students from three local high schools. Each student took part in learning sessions held in two different classroom environments on separate days: one was a “bright” room with large windows allowing plenty of sunlight, and the other was a “standard” room with smaller windows and relying mostly on ceiling lights. The students completed reading comprehension tasks and memory tests during each session. To ensure fairness, the order in which students experienced the rooms was randomized (随机安排), and the tasks were of similar difficulty. The results were clear. On average, students scored 10% higher on the memory tests and reported feeling more focused and less tired in the “bright” classroom. Dr. Carter and her team believe these findings offer practical guidance. They suggest that school planners should think about how to get more natural light when designing new school buildings. For existing buildings, simple changes, like moving desks closer to windows or using lighter curtains to allow more light in, can make a real difference. 5．What is the main finding of the study? A．Students prefer classrooms with more outside view. B．Large windows can make it hard for students to focus. C．Artificial lighting is harmful to students’ eyesight over time. D．Classrooms with more natural light improve student learning. 6．What does the underlined word “game-changer” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Something that makes a big difference. B．A game that can be played indoors. C．A challenge difficult to overcome. D．A project expensive to complete. 7．What is the main purpose of paragraph 3? A．To introduce the researchers. B．To present the students’ opinions. C．To describe the research methods. D．To discuss the cost of the changes. 8．What do the researchers suggest based on their study? A．Schools should stop using all artificial lights. B．Students should spend more time outdoors. C．Classrooms should be painted in brighter colors. D．School design should make better use of natural light. Passage 3 （25-26高一上・四川成都） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand. the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agent further improves the tutors’ learning. The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that improve learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agent fails, but happy when this virtual pupil succeeds as they develop pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment. 9．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To confirm an opinion. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce a topic. 10．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 11．What do students do to teach their teachable agent? A．They motivate it to think independently. B．They ask it to design its own questions. C．They encourage it to give immediate feedback. D．They use various ways to explain materials to it. 12．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. B．To explain how teaching others improves one’s own learning. C．To introduce the development of teachable agents like Betty’s Brain. D．To describe the emotional changes of students when tutoring others. Passage 4 （25-26高一上・四川成都） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept (概念) is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in “teaching”. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only by themselves. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college students to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they recognize problems in their own thinking. Betty’s questions and feedback push them to think in new ways and deepen their knowledge. Most importantly, teaching the agent has brought pride and satisfaction, proving that explaining to others is one of the best ways to learn. 13．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To document ideas. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce the topic. 14．What conclusion can be drawn according to paragraph 2? A．Learning is most effective when done alone. B．Students should master a subject before teaching it. C．Guiding others helps people learn and remember better. D．Younger siblings tend to be smarter thanks to older siblings’ help. 15．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is an educational tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 16．What is the purpose of writing the passage? A．To prove why having a sibling is an advantage. B．To introduce the latest development of teachable agents. C．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. D．To explain why teaching others can be an effective way to learn. 话题2 食物 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川广安友谊中学・期末） Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or cuisine traditions are so important to your culture? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an personal level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. It becomes a part of who each of us is. Many of us connect food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. On a larger scale, traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next. It also serves as an expression of cultural identity (身份). Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places. In China, harmony is a vital quality in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor (味道) is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes with flavors that go well together. The cuisine of the United States also reflects its history. The European colonization (殖民) of the Americas brought European ingredients (食材) and cooking styles to the U. S. As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to get cuisines from different cultures. We should keep our traditions through our culture’s food but we should also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. 1．What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1? A．Traditions on culture. B．Difficulties in cooking food. C．Concerns about food and culture. D．Connections between food and culture. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Memories. B．Traditional culture. C．Traditional cuisine. D．Generation. 3．How do people feel about Chinese food? A．It is rich in all kinds of vitamins. B．It balances the dishes of different countries. C．It is extremely significant to balance people’s daily life. D．It contains rich dishes with various flavors balanced. 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．What Food Tells Us About Culture. B．What Effect Food Causes on Culture. C．How Food Becomes More Globalized. D．How Traditional Cuisine is Passed Down. Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川成都・期末） You may find a lot of energy drinks in a store. People say these drinks can make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. These drinks have names like Red Bull, Monster, Ripped Force, Speed Stack and 5-Hour Energy. Young people like them very much. Scientists found three main things about the energy drinks. First there are hundreds of brands of energy drinks in most large countries. Second, the drinks are not clearly written with enough information. And third, the caffeine in the energy drinks is different greatly. Some have as little as fifty milligrams, others as much as five hundred. Too much caffeine is bad for our body. Some people put wine into energy drinks while drinking. They think they can drink more wine that way and it may not be bad for their body. But studies find that the wine still works. So the makers should write down clear information, such as how much caffeine it has and so on. For example, some makers of energy drinks give us advice. A popular energy drink asks pregnant women, women who are nursing a baby or children under the age of twelve not to drink. The study about energy drinks is still going on. They are now looking for young people who have had a bad feeling after drinking them. 5．Some people put wine into energy drinks because they think . A．it is good for health B．it is the most popular way C．the caffeine can be reduced D．in this way they can drink more wine 6．From the passage we know that if we drink energy drinks we should . A．drink only some famous brands B．read the information about them C．choose those with high caffeine D．find the date when it was made 7．Which of the following is true? A．Energy drinks are good for children and help them to think more clearly. B．Women having a baby should drink energy drinks instead of wine. C．Not all brands of energy drinks provide enough information for the consumers. D．Energy drinks of different brands have the same amount of caffeine. 8．What kinds of people are needed for the study about energy drinks? A．Young consumers who have had a bad feeling after drinking energy drinks. B．Energy drink makers who know how to write clear information. C．Young scientists who have conducted such experiments before. D．Children under the age of twelve who have benefited from energy drinks. Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・四川成都实验外国语学校） Since it was hot during the summer vacation, did you treat yourself to some ice cream? What was your favorite flavor? Today let’s talk about ice cream. While many people think of ice cream as a modern Western invention, it actually existed as early as the Tang Dynasty. Back then, it wasn’t called ice cream, though. Instead, it was known as “su shan”. “Su” was a milk product which is similar to cream or butter. It is believed to have been introduced to central China by nomads (游牧民族) from the north. “Su” was not only tasty but also nutritious (营养丰富的). According to some historical records, “su shan” was often made by women. They would heat “su” until it melted and then carefully pour it onto a plate, shaping it into the form of a mountain or coral reef (珊瑚礁). Afterwards, they would freeze it in an icebox. Sometimes, sugar was sprinkled on top. The dessert might also be decorated with some flowers and leaves to make it look more attractive. In the poem Ode to Su He Shan, the poet in the Tang Dynasty Wang Lingran described how people enjoyed “su shan”. He wrote, “it disappears as soon as it touches your teeth.” In The Noble Lady (《仕女图》), two out of the six ladies are holding “su shan”. At first, researchers thought they were holding potted plants. Upon closer examination, they concluded that it was something more like today’s ice cream, with flowers on top. “Su shan” was a popular dish during the Tang and Song dynasties. However, only wealthy people and royalty (王室成员) could afford large iceboxes to prepare this summer treat. Luckily, today, we can all enjoy ice cream whenever we want! 9．According to the text, what was “su” made from? A．Milk. B．Sugar and ice. C．Flowers and leaves. D．Potted plants. 10．Why did researchers think the ladies in The Noble Lady fresco were holding potted plants at first? A．The painting was damaged and hard to see. B．The shape of the objects looked like plants. C．The ladies were assumed to be gardeners. D．They knew the Tang Dynasty didn’t have desserts. 11．Why could only a few people enjoy “su shan” in the Tang and Song dynasties? A．It had to be kept in expensive iceboxes. B．It could only be eaten in specific seasons. C．It was made with rare ingredients by nomads. D．It could only be made by skilled craftswomen. 12．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Summer Treats for the Rich B．Ice Cream’s Origin in Ancient China C．Frozen Desserts in Chinese Art and Poems D．Iceboxes: China’s Smart Summer Invention Passage 4 （25-26 高一上・四川嘉祥教育集团） For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon. The fork’s journey to the dinner table was a long struggle. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. The fork slowly spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. Having the same worry about hygiene (卫生), wealthy Britons also started to buy forks, inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners. The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 in Social Etiquette, Maud C． Cooke declared the fork had finally won the battle against the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance on table is looked upon as an offense (冒犯) against good taste.” 13．What can we learn about forks from the first paragraph? A．They were used improperly in the 18th century. B．They had many different types in the 19th century. C．They led to North Americans’ rise in social position. D．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century. 14．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt? A．To eat food. B．To decorate tables. C．To cut food. D．To create works of art. 15．Who was against the use of forks? A．St. Peter Damian B．A Byzantine princess C．Queen Victoria D．Maud C． Cooke 16．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To show why forks are so popular. B．To explain the development of tableware. C．To describe the development of forks over time D．To explore the history behind using knives and forks. 话题3 语言与文化 Passage 1 （25-26 高一上・四川南充西充中学） Although South Africans are known for their friendliness and warmth, our accent (口音) is not well-received, with a new study showing our accent is the world’s 12th friendliest. According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me. The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly. Although the New Zealand accent is similar to the Australian accent, New Zealanders came 15th with just 1 in 100 choosing the Kiwi accent as the friendliest. In understanding why some accents are viewed as more friendly than others, Dr Christopher Strelluf from the University of Warwick said attitudes towards language varieties (变体) usually show the ideas “we have about people who speak those varieties”. “If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.” “The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for ‘correct’ English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf. “In this study, the attitudes towards English show the basic ways we continue to find our way through social relationships using language and our thoughts about language.” 1．How does the author probably feel about the study? A．Excited. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Satisfied 2．Which of the four accents is least friendly according to the study? A．The American accent. B．The Canadian accent. C．The Australian accent. D．The British accent. 3．What may the study lead people to think according to Strelluf? A．Americans are nice and warm. B．Americans are usually talkative. C．Americans like language to be varied. D．Americans like to explore the world. 4．Why does Strelluf mention people’s preferred Englishes in paragraph 4? A．To show the development of the global marketplace. B．To explain the importance of learning “correct English”. C．To draw attention to the changing face of global English. D．To compare the difference of English in the UK and the US. Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川南充西充中学） The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages. Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.” Among the benefits of learning a second language is the possibility to “increase brain power (智力)”, Ms Baker said. Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function (心智功能). “The future of our kids will not depend on academic (学业的) abilities as much as it has done,” she said. “We’re still really focused on academic grades. I’m not saying they are not important, but they’re not everything. We have to think about what the kids need for their future.” Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school: Advanced Higher French and German as well as beginner’s level Russian, which her French teacher taught “just for fun”. Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).” Since studying translation, she has worked as an in-house translator and an assistant language teacher (of English) in Osaka, Japan. She is now a translator in Edinburgh. “I love my job and I’ll always be thankful to my language teachers at school who taught me how to learn,” she said. 5．What does Ellie Baker suggest children do? A．Learn languages through music. B．Focus on their academic grades. C．Learn languages at an early age. D．Be clear about their real needs. 6．What does the underlined word “benefits” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Advantages. B．Types. C．Directions. D．Methods. 7．What is the major influence of learning languages on Cassandra Scott? A．It prepared her for her career. B．It helped her travel around the world. C．It made her fall in love with literature. D．It changed her understanding of English. 8．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage kids to learn several foreign languages. B．To discuss the importance of learning foreign languages. C．To show the challenge of learning foreign languages. D．To introduce a new study on foreign language learning. Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川安宁河高中振兴联盟） An accent is a regional form of pronunciation. The way English speakers pronounce words can be enough to show which country, or even city, they are from. For example, the way someone says “water” with a long ‘a’ sound might tell us they are from the southern part of the United States. So it’s helpful to know some common English accents. Typically English accents fall into three main kinds. They include British English, North American English and Australian English. Received Pronunciation is the official form of speech in England. It’s widely considered the standard form for broadcasting, stage performance and education. The term Cockney describes the accent found in East London. It is mainly spoken by working-class individuals and has developed through the influence of industry and social changes. The Yorkshire accent in England’s Yorkshire can be traced back to Old English. It heavily depends on slangs (俚语), making some of its phrases challenging to understand, even for native English speakers from other regions. The General American accent is considered a standard form of English spoken in North America. It’s not tied to any specific region or state but rather stands for a standardized form of English commonly taught in schools and used for media broadcasts. The accent tends to be quick and clear in its pronunciation. As a result, it’s often used by actors, news hosts and other public figures who need to communicate clearly with a broad audience. The Canadian accent, which belongs to North American English, is often mistaken for Americans by non-native English speakers, but it has unique features. For example, the letter “t” can also be pronounced differently, sometimes like a soft “d” (for example, little=liddle). The accent has been described as more neutral (中立的) than other accents of English worldwide. It may be because of its history, as Canada used to be a British colony before being heavily influenced by American pop culture and media. 9．What does the writer want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．English accents vary greatly. B．Accents tell where people are from. C．It’s difficult to learn English. D．All English speakers have accents. 10．What makes it hard for people to understand Yorkshire accent? A．Its dependence on slangs. B．The influence of social changes. C．The strange pronunciation. D．Its connection with Old English. 11．What can we learn about General American accent from the text? A．It is limited to a specific state. B．It stands for the most popular accent. C．It is usually used in formal situations. D．It is often mistaken for Canadian accent. 12．What may be talked about in the following paragraph? A．The development of British English. B．The changes of Received Pronunciation. C．The history of General American accent. D．The basic information of Australian accent. Passage 4 （25-26 高一上・四川广安友谊中学） Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use the doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 13．What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Work very hard. B．Have an unhappy life. C．Compete for the same things. D．Become successful. 14．If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A．It will rain cats and dogs. B．Every dog has its day. C．You lead a dog’s life. D．You are in the doghouse. 15．Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A．Become sick as a dog. B．Teach an old dog new tricks. C．Let sleeping dogs lie. D．Make people dog-tired. 16．What’s the text mainly about? A．Expressions in American culture. B．Dog’s influence on American culture. C．A fun way to learn English. D．Some expressions with the word dog. 话题4 人际关系 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川资阳安岳中学） My roommate Lily was well organised, while I was not. Each of her things had its place, but mine were always hidden somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签于) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Lily got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Lily came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Lily answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart. Slowly. I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so lost in my work that I even didn’t notice Lily had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression a kind of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Lily and I stayed roommates for the rest of the college years. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together, giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 1．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving some examples. C．By showing the difference. D．By describing a process. 2．What made Lily so angry one evening? A．She heard the author shouting loud. B．She saw the author’s shoes under her bed. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She couldn’t find her books anymore. 3．Why did the author clean up the room? A．Because she wanted to show her care for Lily. B．Because she hated herself for being so messy. C．Because Lily required her to do so. D．Because she was scared by Lily’s anger. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Hard Work Pays Off B．Learning to Be Roommates C．My Friend Lily D．How to Be Organised? Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安） I wasn’t the most popular student in my first year of high school - not at all. In fact, I felt awkward. I didn’t care about fashion, liked reading more than sports, and had trouble talking to boys. Because of this, my first year of high school was hard. I had no close friends. I usually stayed alone and read books a lot. That’s why I was so surprised when Ashley and I became friends the summer before my second year. Ashley was very different from me. She was outgoing and loved fashion. She listened to bands I never heard of and was good at art. She was popular, and I remembered she had always been like that. These were things I knew nothing about. We had been in the same class before, but we never talked much. I was always nervous around her. During summer school, we took classes to graduate early. The teacher paired us for a project. At first, Ashley seemed unwilling to work with me. But I think she agreed because none of her cool friends were in the class. We met at the library for the project and hit it off quickly. Ashley did most of the talking. We sat together for the rest of the summer, and after classes ended, we kept hanging out. We went shopping, listened to music, watched movies, and went to the beach. It was everything a great summer with a new friend should be. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．The author’s lonely first year of high school. B．How Ashley changed the author’s life. C．How the author and Ashley became friends. D．The importance of summer school. 6．Why was Ashley willing to work with the author eventually? A．She thought the author was a big reader. B．Her popular friends weren’t in the class. C．She has no close friends. D．She loved fashion. 7．What can we learn about the author and Ashley before summer school? A．They often argued with each other. B．They were classmates but seldom talked. C．Ashley admired the author. D．They were close competitors. 8．What does the phrase “hit it off” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Argued a lot. B．Worked efficiently. C．Got along well immediately. D．Found many differences. Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・第七中学） Last year, my dad was diagnosed with a progressive and deadly disease. It’s already taken my dad’s ability to talk and eat normally. There is no cure. When he told me about his diagnosis (诊断), I knew two things instantly: I wanted to spend as much time with him as possible and if I was going to be living in my childhood home, I would need a hobby. Though never skilled at handcrafts, I’ve always found comfort in knitting. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket (方格毯) in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was weaving out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping? “It’s unbelievably mindful,” says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. “That’s part of really sitting with something.” On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery’s church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop “Sadness & Weaving”. “I think it was important to have that in the name as well,” she says, “We are going to talk about sorrow, death and loss. But we’re also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a lot of things.” It’s a project that had been sitting in her workshop for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the “knitting light” for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn’t — being here is therapeutic. As Gatto says, after all, it’s not the end product that’s the therapy (治疗法). It’s the act of doing it. “A big thing with sadness is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that’s exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.” 9．What does the underlined word “game” in paragraph 2 mean? A．willing B．hesitant C．curious D．anxious 10．Why did the author turn to knitting after her father’s diagnosis? A．To create a gift for her father. B．To follow her mother’s hobby. C．To seek comfort and distraction. D．To master a new professional skill. 11．What is Rafferty’s attitude to the workshop? A．cautious B．supportive C．negative D．indifferent 12．What is the key to the therapy process according to Gatto? A．Forgetting sadness by keeping busy. B．Creating a valuable product as a symbol. C．Achieving high production through teamwork. D．Turning inner pain into a shared physical activity. 话题5 环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川内江・期末） Have you ever thrown old things into the bin? Yes, we all have this kind of experience, but many of us still haven’t taken part in a festival for that. In a small town in California, the community center hosts a monthly recycling festival where residents bring various recyclables like old newspapers, plastic bottles, and metal cans and local volunteers are on-hand to guide the proper sorting. Moreover, people exchange ideas on recycling, and children are taught how different materials can be transformed into new items. “I used to throw everything in one bin. But after coming to these festivals, I understand the importance of sorting,” said a local resident, Sarah. What other things can we do for the environment? In Portland, Oregon, the government sets a rule for gardening with native plants across the city. Native plants are adapted to the local climate, requiring less water and fewer pesticides. Many households have replaced their traditional lawns (草坪) with gardens filled with native flowers and grasses. These gardens not only beautify the neighborhood but also provide habitats for local wildlife. “Our garden has become a home for bees and butterflies. It’s wonderful to see them flying around, and it’s all thanks to our choice of native plants,” said Tom, a Portland homeowner. Another popular environmental proposal is the use of reusable items. In cities like New York, coffee shops advertise the benefits of recycling and encourage customers to bring their own reusable cups by offering a small discount (折扣). Grocery stores also promote the use of reusable bags with posters telling people the benefits of reusing bags. A shopper, Lisa, shared, “I always carry a reusable bag with me when I go shopping. It’s a simple step, but it helps reduce plastic waste significantly.” 1．Why is the monthly recycling festival hosted? A．To create jobs for local residents. B．To exchange second-hand materials. C．To promote sorting of recyclables. D．To change residents’ attitude to nature. 2．Which word best describes the practice of Portland? A．Fruitful. B．Fortunate. C．Costly. D．Meaningless. 3．How do New York coffee shops encourage reusable cups? A．By offering free drinks. B．By providing more coffee. C．By cutting down the price a little. D．By giving posters to customers. 4．What does the author want to stress about environmental protection? A．Advance in technologies. B．Supports from plant companies. C．Responsibilities of the government. D．Education and everyone’s participation. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川南充普通高中・期末） On the slopes of a volcano in central Mexico, biologist Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero and his team imaged a climate shelter for oyamel fir trees (南美洲冷杉) and the monarch butterflies that depend on them. In 2021, the researchers walked up the mountain to plant seedlings in freezing cold temperatures. “We’re doing something different. If we don’t do this, the trees in the monarch reserve are going to die,” says Sáenz-Romero, a researcher at the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo in Michoacán, also home to the reserve. By 2090, the reserve’s forest habitats, located around 11,000 feet, are expected to become worse, as temperatures warm. Using a technique called assisted migration, researchers might be able to move these trees to the nearby volcano. It also helps the forest move more quickly than it would do so naturally. “You collect seeds from a place with a specific climate, like the monarch reserve, and move them to an area that will have a similar climate in the future,” explains Sáenz-Romero. The experiment began in 2017, when Sáenz-Romero and his team gathered seeds from oyamel fir trees in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve at various altitudes. In 2023, six years after planting the seeds, they found that at two of those heights, 11,800 and 12,400 feet, nearly 70 percent of the seedlings had survived even at the higher altitude. “These types of experiments are extremely important,” say Sally Aitken, a professor in Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia, who wasn’t involved in the study. “However, assisted migration outside of a tree’s normal range comes with concerns,” Aitken says. Oyamel firs don’t normally grow at this height on Nevado de Toluca’s slopes. Moving a species could have unforeseen environmental impacts on other species present in that ecosystem. “There’s uncertainty around these field tests,” she explains, “but they’re crucial to better understand whether assisted migration could realistically save forest ecosystems.” 5．What will happen to the reserve’s forest habitats by 2090? A．They will become colder. B．They will expand to higher altitudes. C．They will decline due to rising temperatures. D．They will be taken over by other tree species. 6．Why do researchers use assisted migration for oyamel fir trees? A．To make trees grow taller. B．To attract more monarch butterflies. C．To reduce the number of seeds collected. D．To speed up the movement of the forest. 7．What does Sally Aitken think of assisted migration? A．It is supposed to be widely applied. B．It has no local ecosystem impact. C．It works but harms local ecosystems. D．It has risks but is vital for research. 8．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Saving Oyamel Fir Trees B．The Survival of Oyamel Firs C．Protecting Monarch Butterflies D．The New Method of Tree-planting Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川南充普通高中・期末） Plastics (塑料) are amazing materials which are widely used in our daily lives. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That’s about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental scourge (祸根). Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled. Another 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent ended up in landfills or in nature; And that plastic, like a single Lego block, takes a long time to decompose (降解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor. Many animals this rubbish for food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds, turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren’t the only problem. Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics. Winds blow these bits far and wide. Ocean waves can spread them throughout the sea. These pollutants build up inside animals. They also get into our food and drinking water. Each American is likely to consume (消费) more than 70,000 microplastic pieces per year. Right now, no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Microbes or mealworms with an appetite for plastic might someday eat the garbage. And new nanotechnology could help microplastics decompose in the environment. But many of these plans are still far from effective so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic — and then throwing it out — in the first place. 9．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to be recycled. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 10．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By making them suffer from hunger. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 11．What is the author’s attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Opposed. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 12．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to deal with plastic. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To introduce the current state of plastic pollution. 话题6自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26 高一上・四川成都锦江区嘉祥外国语高级中学） The dry land in Gir National Park and Wildlife Reserve (保护区), located in India, is the proud and only home of the Asiatic lion. By the early 1900s, however, their populations had decreased for habitat loss and hunting, leaving fewer than 50 alive. Though their numbers have risen over the past several decades — climbing to around 670 in 2020, a successful story — the lions are still considered endangered. One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, hard work. Some animals, like tigers and zebras, have special coat patterns that provide useful marks to the researchers. But for the Asiatic lions, researchers must look elsewhere. In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for India’s National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (准确性). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice. “It will be a fantastic tool for long-term lion monitoring,” says Banerjee. He adds, “It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information — how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.” Despite the advantages,  Banerjee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen. “Where tools like SIMBA really shine,” he says, “is in helping researchers develop monitoring plans that are keys to the protection of at-risk animals,” he says, “otherwise, all your efforts will be useless.” 1．What is the greatest difficulty in protecting Asiatic lions? A．Stopping them from being killed. B．Setting up natural reserves. C．Protecting their living environment. D．Keeping track of them. 2．How does SIMBA help researchers? A．By providing accurate information. B．By locating lions’ homes. C．By monitoring the animal stealers. D．By tracking other animals. 3．What’s  Banerjee’s opinion about the AI program? A．It needs to be widely used. B．It has saved the endangered animals. C．Its possible risks should be considered. D．Its disadvantages can be ignored. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The biggest challenge of an AI system. B．The measures of protecting Asiatic lions. C．The application of AI on protecting animals. D．An AI program for the endangered Asiatic lions. Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川郫都考试） John Charlie Veron—widely known as the “Father of Coral Reef (珊瑚礁) ” — is a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and has spent the past 45 years studying Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. But now the 73-year-old is raising the alarm about its future. The Great Barrier Reef, one of the natural wonders, is 2,300 kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space. It is considered a world treasure site due to its biodiversity (生物多样性) with 30 species of whales, dolphins and sharks. Within the reef itself, there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes. However, its health is threatened. After the recent mass bleaching (白化) events, Veron dived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage by himself. “I was seeing and feeling it and it was absolutely shocking,” he says. Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures are a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threat to the reef. Fortunately, earlier this year, the Australian government announced nearly 400million dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef. There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process of the funding. “It won’t be wasted, though,” Veron says. “Scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef. What the scientists hope to do is help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.” 5．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a world treasure site? A．It is a natural wonder. B．It can be seen from space. C．It has a rich variety of species. D．It is 2,300 kilometers long. 6．Which does Veron think is one of the biggest threats to the reef? A．Human activities. B．Climate change. C．Bleaching events. D．Tiny organisms and fishes. 7．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Uncaring. 8．What does the text mainly tell us? A．The health of the reef in the world is worrying. B．Climate change is threatening biodiversity. C．The reasons for the reef bleaching are clear. D．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction. Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・四川内江第一中学） The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 9．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 10．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 11．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 12．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题4 人际关系 话题2 食物（常考点） 话题5 环境保护 话题3 语言与文化（常考点） 话题6 自然生态 话题1 学校生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川成都·期末） When I was in middle school, I met my English literature teacher, who was new to teaching. She was only 22 but she always did her best to make learning fun. She would give us a special mini-notebook for every student’s birthday. I had this simple small notebook. She had filled the first few pages telling me how much she loved having me as a student, how far she knew I would go, and other affirmations. It seemed small but for a 13-year-old child who had a hard home life, it meant a lot! In my junior year of high school, in one English class, we were discussing a story when one student called Carl made a comment. The teacher was dismissive (不屑一顾的) and said Carl was wrong. The next day, the teacher said he was wrong to dismiss what Carl said so quickly. “Let’s take a look at that again.” After the discussion, it became clear that Carl’s comment was indeed unreasonable, but I was impressed that the teacher recognized his mistake publicly and did what he should. When I was in Grade One, my mother gave me a really odd haircut. On the first day back at school, the kids laughed at me, so I ran out and hid. The headmaster found me and took me back. He asked me to wait outside for a minute while he talked to the class. The next day, we had a meeting with the whole school and he walked up on the stage with all his hair cut and criticized (批评) the bad behavior. Twenty years later, I met him at the local college. I thought he didn’t remember me, but he said my name and the event. He was and is a hero in my eyes. 1．What does the underlined word “affirmations” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Orders. B．Suggestions. C．Encouragements. D．Descriptions. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Carl read a new story to the class before discussion. B．The author was impressed by the teacher’s teaching method. C．The English teacher made an immediate apology to Carl in class. D．Carl’s comment wasn’t paid much attention by the teacher at first. 3．Which of the following best describes the headmaster? A．Honest and brave. B．Patient and organized. C．Funny and strict. D．Kind and respectable. 4．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a life column. B．In science fiction. C．In a fashion magazine. D．In a guidebook. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过回忆作者学生时代的三位老师（英语文学老师、高中英语老师、校长）的具体事例，阐述了老师对学生产生的深远影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“She had filled the first few pages telling me how much she loved having me as a student, how far she knew I would go, and other affirmations. It seemed small but for a 13-year-old child who had a hard home life, it meant a lot!(她在前几页写满了她多么喜欢我作为她的学生，她知道我能走多远，以及其他 affirmations。这些话看似平常，但对一个时年十三、家境艰难的孩子而言，却有着千钧之重)”可知，老师在笔记本前几页写满了对作者的喜爱和对他未来的期待等内容，这些话语对家境艰难的作者来说意义重大。由此推知，老师写的都是鼓励学生的话语，让作者在逆境看到了希望。所以划线词affirmations的意思是“肯定、鼓励”，与C项“Encouragements”同义。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In my junior year of high school, in one English class, we were discussing a story when one student called Carl made a comment. The teacher was dismissive (不屑一顾的) and said Carl was wrong. The next day, the teacher said he was wrong to dismiss what Carl said so quickly.(高二那年英语课上，我们正讨论一篇小说，一位名叫Carl的同学发表了见解。老师当时不以为然地驳回了他的观点。次日，这位老师主动承认错误，表示自己不该如此草率地否定Carl的想法)”可知，老师最初没有重视Carl的观点。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I was in Grade One, my mother gave me one really odd haircut. On the first day back at school, the kids laughed at me, so I ran out and hid. The headmaster found me and took me back. He asked me to wait outside for a minute while he talked to the class. The next day, we had a meeting with the whole school and he walked up on the stage with all his hair cut and criticized (批评) the bad behavior.(一年级时，母亲给我理了个特别古怪的发型。开学第一天，同学们都嘲笑我，我直接冲出教室躲了起来。校长找到我，把我带回学校。他让我在教室外稍等，自己先进去和全班谈了话。第二天全校集会时，他竟剃光头发走上讲台，严厉批评了这种欺凌行为)”可知，作者因发型受到同学们的嘲笑，校长带头剪掉头发并公开批评这些学生的行为，既体现了他对学生的关爱，也展现了他值得尊敬的品格。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“When I was in middle school, I met my English literature teacher, who was new to teaching.(当我上中学的时候，我遇到了我的英语文学老师，她刚开始教书)”、第二段中“In my junior year of high school, in one English class, we were discussing a story when one student called Carl made a comment.(在我高中三年级的一节英语课上，我们正在讨论一个故事，这时一个叫卡尔的学生发表了评论)”和第三段中“When I was in Grade One, my mother gave me one really odd haircut. On the first day back at school, the kids laughed at me, so I ran out and hid.(我上一年级的时候，妈妈给我剪了一个很奇怪的发型。回到学校的第一天，孩子们嘲笑我，所以我跑出去躲了起来)”可知，作者回忆了学生时代的生活和老师们的影响，属于个人生活经历分享，最可能出现在生活专栏中。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川成都） A recent study from the University of Minnesota has discovered a simple and powerful way to improve student learning: more natural light. The research team found that students in classrooms with large windows and plenty of sunlight showed considerably better learning performance and focus levels, compared to those in classrooms with smaller windows or primarily artificial (人工的) lighting. Dr. Emily Carter, the lead researcher, explained the findings. “We’ve long believed that environment matters, but this study provides strong evidence (证据) specifically for natural light,” she said. “It’s not just about seeing better; it’s about the biological influence of sunlight on our focus and mood. This could be a game-changer for how we design schools.” She added that spending money on better window design and skylights could be a cost-effective way to improve students’ learning performance. The study involved 101 students from three local high schools. Each student took part in learning sessions held in two different classroom environments on separate days: one was a “bright” room with large windows allowing plenty of sunlight, and the other was a “standard” room with smaller windows and relying mostly on ceiling lights. The students completed reading comprehension tasks and memory tests during each session. To ensure fairness, the order in which students experienced the rooms was randomized (随机安排), and the tasks were of similar difficulty. The results were clear. On average, students scored 10% higher on the memory tests and reported feeling more focused and less tired in the “bright” classroom. Dr. Carter and her team believe these findings offer practical guidance. They suggest that school planners should think about how to get more natural light when designing new school buildings. For existing buildings, simple changes, like moving desks closer to windows or using lighter curtains to allow more light in, can make a real difference. 5．What is the main finding of the study? A．Students prefer classrooms with more outside view. B．Large windows can make it hard for students to focus. C．Artificial lighting is harmful to students’ eyesight over time. D．Classrooms with more natural light improve student learning. 6．What does the underlined word “game-changer” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Something that makes a big difference. B．A game that can be played indoors. C．A challenge difficult to overcome. D．A project expensive to complete. 7．What is the main purpose of paragraph 3? A．To introduce the researchers. B．To present the students’ opinions. C．To describe the research methods. D．To discuss the cost of the changes. 8．What do the researchers suggest based on their study? A．Schools should stop using all artificial lights. B．Students should spend more time outdoors. C．Classrooms should be painted in brighter colors. D．School design should make better use of natural light. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，自然光能显著提高学生的学习表现和专注力，研究者建议学校在设计或改造时优化采光方式以提升教学效果。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The research team found that students in classrooms with large windows and plenty of sunlight showed considerably better learning performance and focus levels, compared to those in classrooms with smaller windows or primarily artificial (人工的) lighting. (研究团队发现，与窗户较小或主要依赖人工照明的教室相比，有大窗户和充足阳光的教室里的学生表现出了明显更好的学习表现和专注水平。)”可知，研究发现，拥有更多自然光的教室可以提高学生的学习效果。故选D项。 6．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“It’s not just about seeing better; it’s about the biological influence of sunlight on our focus and mood.  (这不仅仅是看得更清楚；这与阳光对我们的注意力和情绪的生物学影响有关。)”强调自然光的重要意义，画线词的下文“She added that spending money on better window design and skylights could be a cost-effective way to improve students’ learning performance. (她补充说，把钱花在更好的窗户设计和天窗上，可能是提高学生学习成绩的一种经济有效的方式。)”建议学校考虑窗户设计和天窗以提升教学效果，由此可知，研究的发现可以影响学校设计，画线词指的是“能够带来重大改变的事物”。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study involved 101 students from three local high schools. Each student took part in learning sessions held in two different classroom environments on separate days: one was a “bright” room with large windows allowing plenty of sunlight, and the other was a “standard” room with smaller windows and relying mostly on ceiling lights. The students completed reading comprehension tasks and memory tests during each session. To ensure fairness, the order in which students experienced the rooms was randomized (随机安排), and the tasks were of similar difficulty. (这项研究涉及来自三所当地高中的101名学生。每个学生在不同的日子里参加在两个不同的教室环境中进行的学习：一个是“明亮”的房间，有大窗户，阳光充足；另一个是“标准”房间，窗户较小，主要依靠天花板灯。学生们在每个阶段都要完成阅读理解任务和记忆测试。为了确保公平，学生体验房间的顺序是随机的，任务的难度也差不多。)”可知，该段详细介绍了研究涉及的学生数量、学习环境、任务及公平性控制等，其目的是描述研究方法。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They suggest that school planners should think about how to get more natural light when designing new school buildings. (他们建议学校规划者在设计新校舍时应该考虑如何获得更多的自然光。)”可知，研究者建议学校设计应更好地利用自然光。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上・四川成都） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand. the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agent further improves the tutors’ learning. The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that improve learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agent fails, but happy when this virtual pupil succeeds as they develop pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment. 9．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To confirm an opinion. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce a topic. 10．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 11．What do students do to teach their teachable agent? A．They motivate it to think independently. B．They ask it to design its own questions. C．They encourage it to give immediate feedback. D．They use various ways to explain materials to it. 12．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. B．To explain how teaching others improves one’s own learning. C．To introduce the development of teachable agents like Betty’s Brain. D．To describe the emotional changes of students when tutoring others. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教学如何促进自身学习及其背后的原理。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段中““While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. (罗马哲学家Seneca说：“我们教的时候，也在学。”现在，科学家们正在将这一古老的智慧带到现代。)”可知，文章开头引用Seneca的话是为了引出文章主题——教学促进学习。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. (但目前正在开发的最前沿的工具是“可教的智能体”——一个像现实世界中的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错和提问的计算机角色。计算机科学家创造了一个名为Betty’s Brain的动画人物，数百名中学生已经“教”过它环境科学。)”可知，Betty’s Brain是一个正在开发中的教学工具。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. (智能体的问题迫使学生导师用不同的方式思考和解释材料，而观察智能体解决问题则让他们看到自己的知识付诸实践。)”可知，学生们用不同的方式向可教的智能体解释材料。故选D。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. (研究人员发现，报名辅导他人的学生更努力地理解材料，更准确地回忆材料，并更有效地应用材料。)”可知，文章主要介绍了教学如何促进自身学习及其背后的原理，如通过辅导他人来加深自己的理解、应用可教的智能体等，因此文章的写作目的是解释教学如何促进自身学习。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上・四川成都） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept (概念) is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in “teaching”. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only by themselves. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college students to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they recognize problems in their own thinking. Betty’s questions and feedback push them to think in new ways and deepen their knowledge. Most importantly, teaching the agent has brought pride and satisfaction, proving that explaining to others is one of the best ways to learn. 13．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To document ideas. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce the topic. 14．What conclusion can be drawn according to paragraph 2? A．Learning is most effective when done alone. B．Students should master a subject before teaching it. C．Guiding others helps people learn and remember better. D．Younger siblings tend to be smarter thanks to older siblings’ help. 15．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is an educational tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 16．What is the purpose of writing the passage? A．To prove why having a sibling is an advantage. B．To introduce the latest development of teachable agents. C．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. D．To explain why teaching others can be an effective way to learn. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了教授他人是一种有效的学习方式，并介绍了相关研究和实验。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段中““While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in “teaching”.( 罗马哲学家塞涅卡说过：“当我们教的时候，我们就学会了。”现在，科学家们将这一古老的智慧带到了现代。他们记录了为什么教学是一种富有成效的学习方式，并为年轻人设计了参与“教学”的创造性方式。)”可知，文章开篇引用罗马哲学家塞涅卡 “While we teach, we learn”的观点，紧接着就指出科学家们正在深入研究教学为何是有效的学习方式，并设计相关方式让年轻人参与教学。由此可见，引用这位哲学家的话是为了引出“教学是一种有效的学习方式”这一核心话题。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only by themselves. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects.( 研究人员发现，报名辅导别人的学生更努力地理解材料，更准确地回忆，更有效地应用。学生教师在考试中比自学的学生得分更高。但是，孩子们自己还在学习，怎么能教别人呢？一个答案是：他们可以辅导年幼的孩子。一些研究发现，头胎孩子比后出生的兄弟姐妹更聪明。这表明他们的高智商来自于他们花在教育兄弟姐妹上的时间。现在，教育工作者正在尝试将这种模式应用于学术科目。)” 可知，第二段首句就表明研究发现辅导他人的学生能更努力理解知识、更准确记忆并更高效运用知识，且这类学生考试分数更高。后文提到长子长女智商可能因教导弟妹而更高，以及教育工作者开展的学生分层教学实验，都是对“指导他人有助于自身更好学习和记忆知识”这一观点的佐证。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they recognize problems in their own thinking.( 但正在开发的最尖端工具是“可教代理”——一个像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误和提问的计算机角色。计算机科学家创造了一个名为“贝蒂的大脑”的动画人物，数百名中学生向她“教授”了环境科学知识。学生教师受到启发，帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料。在准备教学时，他们组织知识，提高自己的理解。当他们向它解释信息时，他们发现了自己思维中的问题。)”可知，原文提到最前沿的开发工具是“可教代理”，而贝蒂的大脑是计算机科学家创造的动画形象，中学生可向它传授环境科学知识，学生在教它的过程中能梳理知识、深化理解。结合原文及补充信息可知，它是用于助力学生学习的一款正在开发中的教育工具。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept (概念) is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in “teaching”.( 几千年来，人们都知道理解一个概念的最好方法是向别人解释。罗马哲学家塞涅卡说过：“当我们教的时候，我们就学会了。”现在，科学家们将这一古老的智慧带到了现代。他们记录了为什么教学是一种富有成效的学习方式，并为年轻人设计了参与“教学”的创造性方式。)”和全文内容可知，文章开篇就引出教学是有效学习方式的话题，随后通过研究结果表明辅导他人的学生学习效果更好，还列举了学生辅导低年级同学、“贝蒂的大脑”这类可教代理等例子，从不同角度论证教学他人为何能成为一种高效的学习方式。故选D项。 话题2 食物 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川广安友谊中学・期末） Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or cuisine traditions are so important to your culture? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an personal level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. It becomes a part of who each of us is. Many of us connect food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. On a larger scale, traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next. It also serves as an expression of cultural identity (身份). Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places. In China, harmony is a vital quality in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor (味道) is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes with flavors that go well together. The cuisine of the United States also reflects its history. The European colonization (殖民) of the Americas brought European ingredients (食材) and cooking styles to the U. S. As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to get cuisines from different cultures. We should keep our traditions through our culture’s food but we should also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. 1．What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1? A．Traditions on culture. B．Difficulties in cooking food. C．Concerns about food and culture. D．Connections between food and culture. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Memories. B．Traditional culture. C．Traditional cuisine. D．Generation. 3．How do people feel about Chinese food? A．It is rich in all kinds of vitamins. B．It balances the dishes of different countries. C．It is extremely significant to balance people’s daily life. D．It contains rich dishes with various flavors balanced. 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．What Food Tells Us About Culture. B．What Effect Food Causes on Culture. C．How Food Becomes More Globalized. D．How Traditional Cuisine is Passed Down. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物与文化之间存在着比人们想象中更多的联系，阐述了食物在个人和文化层面的意义，并举例说明不同国家的食物反映其文化。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or cuisine traditions are so important to your culture? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.(你有没有想过，你每天吃的食物能告诉你你来自哪里？你有没有想过为什么世界不同地区的人吃不同类型的食物？你有没有问过自己，为什么某些食物或烹饪传统对你的文化如此重要？食物和文化之间的联系比你想象的要多)”可知，作者通过提问引发思考，并在段尾表达食物和文化之间存在联系。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第三段中“On a larger scale, traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next. It also serves as an expression of cultural identity (身份).(从更大的层面来看，传统美食一代一代传承下来。它也是文化身份的一种表达)”可知，指示代词“It”指代的是前面提到的“traditional cuisine(传统美食)”。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In China, harmony is a vital quality in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor (味道) is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes with flavors that go well together.(在中国，和谐几乎是生活方方面面的重要特质。这在中国美食中得到了体现，几乎每一种味道都被平衡地运用，创造出各种味道相得益彰的美味菜肴)”可知，人们认为中国食物包含各种味道搭配平衡的丰富菜肴。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or cuisine traditions are so important to your culture? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.(你有没有想过，你每天吃的食物能告诉你关于你来自哪里的信息?你有没有想过为什么世界不同地方的人吃不同类型的食物?你有没有问过自己为什么某些食物或美食传统对你的文化如此重要?食物和文化之间的联系比你想象的要多)”可知，本文主要围绕食物能告诉我们关于文化的信息展开。故A项“What Food Tells Us About Culture(食物告诉我们的文化信息)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川成都・期末） You may find a lot of energy drinks in a store. People say these drinks can make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. These drinks have names like Red Bull, Monster, Ripped Force, Speed Stack and 5-Hour Energy. Young people like them very much. Scientists found three main things about the energy drinks. First there are hundreds of brands of energy drinks in most large countries. Second, the drinks are not clearly written with enough information. And third, the caffeine in the energy drinks is different greatly. Some have as little as fifty milligrams, others as much as five hundred. Too much caffeine is bad for our body. Some people put wine into energy drinks while drinking. They think they can drink more wine that way and it may not be bad for their body. But studies find that the wine still works. So the makers should write down clear information, such as how much caffeine it has and so on. For example, some makers of energy drinks give us advice. A popular energy drink asks pregnant women, women who are nursing a baby or children under the age of twelve not to drink. The study about energy drinks is still going on. They are now looking for young people who have had a bad feeling after drinking them. 5．Some people put wine into energy drinks because they think . A．it is good for health B．it is the most popular way C．the caffeine can be reduced D．in this way they can drink more wine 6．From the passage we know that if we drink energy drinks we should . A．drink only some famous brands B．read the information about them C．choose those with high caffeine D．find the date when it was made 7．Which of the following is true? A．Energy drinks are good for children and help them to think more clearly. B．Women having a baby should drink energy drinks instead of wine. C．Not all brands of energy drinks provide enough information for the consumers. D．Energy drinks of different brands have the same amount of caffeine. 8．What kinds of people are needed for the study about energy drinks? A．Young consumers who have had a bad feeling after drinking energy drinks. B．Energy drink makers who know how to write clear information. C．Young scientists who have conducted such experiments before. D．Children under the age of twelve who have benefited from energy drinks. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了饮用能量饮料应该谨慎，说明了其三个特点以及注意事项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some people put wine into energy drinks while drinking. They think they can drink more wine that way and it may not be bad for their body.(有些人在喝能量饮料的时候会往里面兑酒。他们认为这样一来他们就能喝更多的酒，而且这或许对他们的身体也没有坏处)”可知，有些人把酒加到能量饮料里是因为他们认为这样可以喝更多的酒。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“So the makers should write down clear information, such as how much caffeine it has and so on. For example, some makers of energy drinks give us advice. A popular energy drink asks pregnant women, women who are nursing a baby or children under the age of twelve not to drink.(所以生产商应该写下清晰的信息，比如咖啡因的含量等等。例如，一些功能饮料制造商给我们建议。一种流行的能量饮料要求孕妇、哺乳期妇女或12岁以下儿童不要饮用)”可推知，如果我们喝功能饮料，我们应该阅读有关它们的信息。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Second, the drinks are not clearly written with enough information.(第二，这些饮料并未清晰地标注足够的信息)”可知，C选项“不是所有品牌的能量饮料都能为消费者提供足够的信息”正确。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study about energy drinks is still going on. They are now looking for young people who have had a bad feeling after drinking them.(关于能量饮料的研究仍在继续。他们现在正在寻找那些在饮用能量饮料后有不适感觉的年轻人)”可知，能量饮料的研究需要饮用功能饮料后有不良感觉的年轻消费者。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・四川成都实验外国语学校） Since it was hot during the summer vacation, did you treat yourself to some ice cream? What was your favorite flavor? Today let’s talk about ice cream. While many people think of ice cream as a modern Western invention, it actually existed as early as the Tang Dynasty. Back then, it wasn’t called ice cream, though. Instead, it was known as “su shan”. “Su” was a milk product which is similar to cream or butter. It is believed to have been introduced to central China by nomads (游牧民族) from the north. “Su” was not only tasty but also nutritious (营养丰富的). According to some historical records, “su shan” was often made by women. They would heat “su” until it melted and then carefully pour it onto a plate, shaping it into the form of a mountain or coral reef (珊瑚礁). Afterwards, they would freeze it in an icebox. Sometimes, sugar was sprinkled on top. The dessert might also be decorated with some flowers and leaves to make it look more attractive. In the poem Ode to Su He Shan, the poet in the Tang Dynasty Wang Lingran described how people enjoyed “su shan”. He wrote, “it disappears as soon as it touches your teeth.” In The Noble Lady (《仕女图》), two out of the six ladies are holding “su shan”. At first, researchers thought they were holding potted plants. Upon closer examination, they concluded that it was something more like today’s ice cream, with flowers on top. “Su shan” was a popular dish during the Tang and Song dynasties. However, only wealthy people and royalty (王室成员) could afford large iceboxes to prepare this summer treat. Luckily, today, we can all enjoy ice cream whenever we want! 9．According to the text, what was “su” made from? A．Milk. B．Sugar and ice. C．Flowers and leaves. D．Potted plants. 10．Why did researchers think the ladies in The Noble Lady fresco were holding potted plants at first? A．The painting was damaged and hard to see. B．The shape of the objects looked like plants. C．The ladies were assumed to be gardeners. D．They knew the Tang Dynasty didn’t have desserts. 11．Why could only a few people enjoy “su shan” in the Tang and Song dynasties? A．It had to be kept in expensive iceboxes. B．It could only be eaten in specific seasons. C．It was made with rare ingredients by nomads. D．It could only be made by skilled craftswomen. 12．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Summer Treats for the Rich B．Ice Cream’s Origin in Ancient China C．Frozen Desserts in Chinese Art and Poems D．Iceboxes: China’s Smart Summer Invention 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多人认为冰淇淋是现代西方发明，实则中国唐代已有类似的 “酥山”。文章介绍了其原料、制作、相关诗画记载及唐宋时仅限权贵享用的情况。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Su” was a milk product which is similar to cream or butter.( “酥”是一种奶制品，类似于奶油或黄油。)”可知，“酥”是奶油制成的。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“They would heat “su” until it melted and then carefully pour it onto a plate, shaping it into the form of a mountain or coral reef (珊瑚礁).( 他们会加热“酥”，直到它融化，然后小心地把它倒在盘子里，塑造成一座山或珊瑚礁的形状。)”以及第五段中“In The Noble Lady ( 《仕女图》), two out of the six ladies are holding “su shan”. At first, researchers thought they were holding potted plants.(在《 仕女图》中，六位贵妇中有两位手持“酥山”。起初，研究人员以为他们拿的是盆栽植物。)”可知，研究人员认为《仕女图》壁画中的女士们一开始是拿着盆栽是因为物体的形状看起来像植物。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, only wealthy people and royalty (王室成员) could afford large iceboxes to prepare this summer treat.( 然而，只有富人和皇室才能负担得起大型冰窖来准备这一夏日美食。)”可推知，唐宋只有少数人能享受“酥山”是因为它必须保存在昂贵的冰窖里。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段“While many people think of ice cream as a modern Western invention, it actually existed as early as the Tang Dynasty. Back then, it wasn’t called ice cream, though. Instead, it was known as “su shan”.(虽然许多人认为冰淇淋是现代西方的发明，但它实际上早在唐朝就存在了。但那时候，它还不叫冰淇淋。相反，它被称为“酥山”。)”点明“很多人认为冰淇淋是现代西方发明，但其实唐朝已有类似食品‘酥山’”，后文围绕“酥山的原料、制作、相关记载及食用人群”展开，核心是“冰淇淋的中国古代起源”。由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是“冰淇淋在中国古代的起源”。故选B项。 Passage 4 （25-26 高一上・四川嘉祥教育集团） For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon. The fork’s journey to the dinner table was a long struggle. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. The fork slowly spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. Having the same worry about hygiene (卫生), wealthy Britons also started to buy forks, inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners. The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 in Social Etiquette, Maud C． Cooke declared the fork had finally won the battle against the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance on table is looked upon as an offense (冒犯) against good taste.” 13．What can we learn about forks from the first paragraph? A．They were used improperly in the 18th century. B．They had many different types in the 19th century. C．They led to North Americans’ rise in social position. D．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century. 14．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt? A．To eat food. B．To decorate tables. C．To cut food. D．To create works of art. 15．Who was against the use of forks? A．St. Peter Damian B．A Byzantine princess C．Queen Victoria D．Maud C． Cooke 16．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To show why forks are so popular. B．To explain the development of tableware. C．To describe the development of forks over time D．To explore the history behind using knives and forks. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍叉子从古代到近代在不同地区的发展历程及使用情况。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything.(对于19世纪末的北美人和欧洲人来说，餐具的陈列能很大程度上反映一个人的社会地位，因为富人会特意为各种用途准备不同种类的叉子。)”可知，19世纪时叉子有许多不同的类型。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. (在古埃及、希腊和罗马，叉子被用来将食物切成小块，或从锅或火上夹起肉。)”可知，古埃及时期叉子的功能是切食物。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. (11世纪末，来自奥斯蒂亚的圣彼得・达米安写道，一位拜占庭公主使用叉子，他将她死于疾病视为这种“炫耀行为”的惩罚。)”可知，圣彼得・达米安反对使用叉子。故选A项。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything.(对于19世纪末的北美人和欧洲人来说，餐具的陈列能很大程度上反映一个人的社会地位，因为富人会特意为各种用途准备不同种类的叉子。)”以及后文可知，文章按时间顺序，从古代埃及、希腊、罗马时期叉子的用途，到中世纪中东和拜占庭帝国的使用情况，再到欧洲、北美的传播与普及，详细讲述了叉子的发展历程。故选C项。 话题3 语言与文化 Passage 1 （25-26 高一上・四川南充西充中学） Although South Africans are known for their friendliness and warmth, our accent (口音) is not well-received, with a new study showing our accent is the world’s 12th friendliest. According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me. The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly. Although the New Zealand accent is similar to the Australian accent, New Zealanders came 15th with just 1 in 100 choosing the Kiwi accent as the friendliest. In understanding why some accents are viewed as more friendly than others, Dr Christopher Strelluf from the University of Warwick said attitudes towards language varieties (变体) usually show the ideas “we have about people who speak those varieties”. “If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.” “The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for ‘correct’ English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf. “In this study, the attitudes towards English show the basic ways we continue to find our way through social relationships using language and our thoughts about language.” 1．How does the author probably feel about the study? A．Excited. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Satisfied 2．Which of the four accents is least friendly according to the study? A．The American accent. B．The Canadian accent. C．The Australian accent. D．The British accent. 3．What may the study lead people to think according to Strelluf? A．Americans are nice and warm. B．Americans are usually talkative. C．Americans like language to be varied. D．Americans like to explore the world. 4．Why does Strelluf mention people’s preferred Englishes in paragraph 4? A．To show the development of the global marketplace. B．To explain the importance of learning “correct English”. C．To draw attention to the changing face of global English. D．To compare the difference of English in the UK and the US. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于不同英语口音友好程度的研究，并探讨了人们对不同口音的态度及其背后的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to the study, only 1 in every 100 participants (参与者) considered the South African accent as the most friendly-sounding — a big drop since 2019 when it was considered the second most beautiful accent worldwide, which was an astonishing result for me.(根据这项研究，每100名参与者中只有1人认为南非口音听起来最友好——自2019年以来大幅下降，当时南非口音被认为是世界上第二美丽的口音，这对我来说是一个惊人的结果)”可知，作者对这项研究的结果感到惊讶。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study found Americans had the friendliest English accent in the world with one in five seeing the American accent as the friendliest. Though the Canadian accent is the most closely related to general American English, with similar rules for pronunciation and accent, only one in 12 selected it as the friendliest accent. The British accent is considered the second most friendly accent, with one in seven selecting it as the friendliest. The Australian accent came in third place, with almost one in 10 considering it to be friendly.(研究发现，美国人的英语口音是世界上最友好的，每五个人中就有一个认为美国口音最友好。尽管加拿大口音与通用美式英语最为接近，发音和口音规则相似，但只有十二分之一的人选择它作为最友好的口音。英国口音被认为是第二友好的口音，每七个人中就有一个选择它作为最友好的口音。澳大利亚口音排在第三位，几乎每十个人中就有一个认为它很友好)”可知，美国口音、英国口音和澳大利亚口音都被认为比较友好，而加拿大口音被认为最不友好。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段““If people around the world think American English sounds friendly, it’s good news for Americans because it means people think of Americans as friendly people.”(“如果全世界的人都认为美式英语听起来很友好，这对美国人来说是个好消息，因为这意味着人们认为美国人是友好的人。”)”可知，根据斯特雷卢夫的说法，这项研究可能会让人们认为美国人很友好。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段““The meanings of Englishes worldwide are also changing rapidly across many dimensions (维度). For example, while British English has historically provided an international model for “correct” English, people who live in countries where English is being learned for getting into the global (全球的) marketplace increasingly prefer American English as their standard,” said Strelluf.(斯特雷卢夫说：“世界各地的英语含义也在许多维度上迅速变化。例如，虽然英式英语历来为“正确”英语提供了国际模式，但生活在以学习英语进入全球市场的国家的人们越来越倾向于以美式英语为标准。”)”可知，斯特雷卢夫提到人们偏爱的英语是为了引起人们对全球英语不断变化的关注。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川南充西充中学） The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages. Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.” Among the benefits of learning a second language is the possibility to “increase brain power (智力)”, Ms Baker said. Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function (心智功能). “The future of our kids will not depend on academic (学业的) abilities as much as it has done,” she said. “We’re still really focused on academic grades. I’m not saying they are not important, but they’re not everything. We have to think about what the kids need for their future.” Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school: Advanced Higher French and German as well as beginner’s level Russian, which her French teacher taught “just for fun”. Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).” Since studying translation, she has worked as an in-house translator and an assistant language teacher (of English) in Osaka, Japan. She is now a translator in Edinburgh. “I love my job and I’ll always be thankful to my language teachers at school who taught me how to learn,” she said. 5．What does Ellie Baker suggest children do? A．Learn languages through music. B．Focus on their academic grades. C．Learn languages at an early age. D．Be clear about their real needs. 6．What does the underlined word “benefits” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Advantages. B．Types. C．Directions. D．Methods. 7．What is the major influence of learning languages on Cassandra Scott? A．It prepared her for her career. B．It helped her travel around the world. C．It made her fall in love with literature. D．It changed her understanding of English. 8．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage kids to learn several foreign languages. B．To discuss the importance of learning foreign languages. C．To show the challenge of learning foreign languages. D．To introduce a new study on foreign language learning. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了英国中学学习外语的青少年数量下降的现象，并探讨了学习外语的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Being introduced to languages at a young age is something that teacher Ellie Baker believes strongly in. She founded Bilingual Sing, which runs musical French and Spanish classes for children. “Since 2013, I’ve been teaching from babies upwards,” Ms Baker said. “We should prepare children for our uncertain future.”(Ellie Baker老师坚信，从小接触语言是件好事。她创立了Bilingual Sing，为孩子们开设了法语和西班牙语音乐课程。贝克女士说:“从2013年开始，我一直在教授婴儿及更大年龄段的孩子。”“我们应该为孩子们不确定的未来做好准备。)”可知，Ellie Baker建议孩子们在很小的时候学习语言。故选C。 6．词句猜测题。根据下文“Studies have suggested that learning a second language can slow brain aging, and can lead to higher mental function.(研究表明，学习第二语言可以减缓大脑衰老，并可以提高心智功能。)”可知，学习第二语言的好处之一是有可能“增强脑力”，由此可知，benefits意为“好处，益处”，与Advantages意义相近。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Scott said, “Learning languages at school did wonders for my English, giving me a new view on my language and also more practice in learning literature, but more importantly, it set the course for my career (事业).”(Scott说：“在学校学习语言对我的英语有很大的帮助，让我对我的语言有了新的看法，也让我在学习文学方面有了更多的实践，但更重要的是，它为我的职业生涯奠定了基础。”)”可知，学习语言对Cassandra Scott的主要影响是为她的职业生涯奠定了基础。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“The number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since 2000, a BBC study has found. The attitude to the research was mixed. Why learn a foreign language when English is spoken by hundreds of millions of people worldwide, some people wondered. Others questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is developing so quickly. However, many speakers of foreign languages praised the advantages.(英国广播公司的一项研究发现，自2000年以来，英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了45%。对这项研究的态度褒贬不一。有些人想知道，当全世界有数亿人说英语时，为什么还要学习一门外语。其他人则质疑，当翻译技术发展得如此之快时，是否需要第二语言。然而，许多外语使用者称赞了它的优点。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了英国中学学习外语的青少年数量下降的现象，目的是探讨学习外语的重要性。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川安宁河高中振兴联盟） An accent is a regional form of pronunciation. The way English speakers pronounce words can be enough to show which country, or even city, they are from. For example, the way someone says “water” with a long ‘a’ sound might tell us they are from the southern part of the United States. So it’s helpful to know some common English accents. Typically English accents fall into three main kinds. They include British English, North American English and Australian English. Received Pronunciation is the official form of speech in England. It’s widely considered the standard form for broadcasting, stage performance and education. The term Cockney describes the accent found in East London. It is mainly spoken by working-class individuals and has developed through the influence of industry and social changes. The Yorkshire accent in England’s Yorkshire can be traced back to Old English. It heavily depends on slangs (俚语), making some of its phrases challenging to understand, even for native English speakers from other regions. The General American accent is considered a standard form of English spoken in North America. It’s not tied to any specific region or state but rather stands for a standardized form of English commonly taught in schools and used for media broadcasts. The accent tends to be quick and clear in its pronunciation. As a result, it’s often used by actors, news hosts and other public figures who need to communicate clearly with a broad audience. The Canadian accent, which belongs to North American English, is often mistaken for Americans by non-native English speakers, but it has unique features. For example, the letter “t” can also be pronounced differently, sometimes like a soft “d” (for example, little=liddle). The accent has been described as more neutral (中立的) than other accents of English worldwide. It may be because of its history, as Canada used to be a British colony before being heavily influenced by American pop culture and media. 9．What does the writer want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．English accents vary greatly. B．Accents tell where people are from. C．It’s difficult to learn English. D．All English speakers have accents. 10．What makes it hard for people to understand Yorkshire accent? A．Its dependence on slangs. B．The influence of social changes. C．The strange pronunciation. D．Its connection with Old English. 11．What can we learn about General American accent from the text? A．It is limited to a specific state. B．It stands for the most popular accent. C．It is usually used in formal situations. D．It is often mistaken for Canadian accent. 12．What may be talked about in the following paragraph? A．The development of British English. B．The changes of Received Pronunciation. C．The history of General American accent. D．The basic information of Australian accent. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英语口音的相关知识，包括英语口音能显示说话者来自哪里，以及英式英语、北美英语（含美国通用口音和加拿大口音）等不同类型英语口音的特点。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The way English speakers pronounce words can be enough to show which country, or even city, they are from(说英语的人发音的方式足以表明他们来自哪个国家，甚至哪个城市)”以及“For example, the way someone says “water” with a long “a” sound might tell us they are from the southern part of the United States.(例如，有人把water发成长音a的方式可能会告诉我们他们来自美国南部)” 可知，作者通过第一段的例子想告诉我们口音能表明人们来自哪里，故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Yorkshire accent in England’s Yorkshire can be traced back to Old English. It heavily depends on slangs (俚语), making some of its phrases challenging to understand, even for native English speakers from other regions(英格兰约克郡的约克郡口音可以追溯到古英语。它严重依赖俚语，这使得它的一些短语即使对于来自其他地区的以英语为母语的人来说也很难理解)”可知，约克郡口音依赖俚语这一点使得人们很难理解它，故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s not tied to any specific region or state but rather stands for a standardized form of English commonly taught in schools and used for media broadcasts(它不与任何特定的地区或州相关联，而是代表了一种在学校普遍教授并用于媒体广播的标准化英语形式)” 以及“The accent tends to be quick and clear in its pronunciation. As a result, it’s often used by actors, news hosts and other public figures who need to communicate clearly with a broad audience(这种口音的发音往往快速清晰。因此，它经常被演员、新闻主播和其他需要与广大观众清晰沟通的公众人物使用)”可知，美国通用口音通常用于正式场合，如学校教学、媒体广播以及公众人物与大众沟通等场景，故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Typically English accents fall into three main kinds. They include British English, North American English and Australian English(通常英语口音主要分为三种。它们包括英式英语、北美英语和澳大利亚英语)”提到英语口音主要分为三种，包括英式英语、北美英语和澳大利亚英语。再根据第三段“Received Pronunciation is the official form of speech in England. It’s widely considered the standard form for broadcasting, stage performance and education. The term Cockney describes the accent found in East London. It is mainly spoken by working-class individuals and has developed through the influence of industry and social changes. The Yorkshire accent in England’s Yorkshire can be traced back to Old English. It heavily depends on slangs(俚语), making some of its phrases challenging to understand, even for native English speakers from other regions(Received Pronunciation是英格兰的官方发音。它被广泛认为是广播、舞台表演和教育的标准形式。Cockney这个术语描述的是伦敦东部的口音。它主要由工人阶级使用，并且通过工业和社会变化的影响而发展。英格兰约克郡的口音可以追溯到古英语。它严重依赖于俚语，这使得一些短语即使对于其他地区的母语人士来说也难以理解)”可知本段详细介绍了英式英语中的几种口音，第四段“The General American accent is considered a standard form of English spoken in North America. It’s not tied to any specific region or state but rather stands for a standardized form of English commonly taught in schools and used for media broadcasts. The accent tends to be quick and clear in its pronunciation. As a result, it’s often used by actors, news hosts and other public figures who need to communicate clearly with a broad audience(通用美式口音被认为是北美英语的标准形式。它不与任何特定地区或州相关联，而是一种在学校中普遍教授并在媒体广播中使用的标准化英语形式。这种口音在发音上倾向于快速而清晰。因此，它常被演员、新闻主持人和其他需要与广泛观众清晰沟通的公众人物使用)”介绍了北美英语中的美国通用口音和加拿大口音。可知英式英语、北美英语都已经进行了介绍，还剩澳大利亚英语没有介绍，可推理出接下来应该介绍澳大利亚英语的相关基本信息，故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26 高一上・四川广安友谊中学） Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use the doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 13．What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Work very hard. B．Have an unhappy life. C．Compete for the same things. D．Become successful. 14．If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A．It will rain cats and dogs. B．Every dog has its day. C．You lead a dog’s life. D．You are in the doghouse. 15．Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A．Become sick as a dog. B．Teach an old dog new tricks. C．Let sleeping dogs lie. D．Make people dog-tired. 16．What’s the text mainly about? A．Expressions in American culture. B．Dog’s influence on American culture. C．A fun way to learn English. D．Some expressions with the word dog. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式，并解释了这些表达方式的含义和用法。 13．词句猜测题。根据上文“Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.They say that to be successful,(有人说，我们生活在一个“弱肉强食”的世界里。意思是很多人都在争夺同样的东西，比如好工作。他们说，要想成功)”和下文“The hard work can make people dog-tired.(这份辛劳会让人“筋疲力尽”。)”可知，他们说，要想成功，就得“拼命工作”。由此可知，work like a dog意为“非常努力工作”。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life.(尽管如此，人们还是说每个人都会有成功的时候。这意味着每个人在一生中都会有一段成功的时期。)”可知，如果一个人在工作中失败了，他的妻子可能会说“每个人都会有成功的时候”来鼓励他。故选B。 15．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems.(不过，丈夫或许会觉得最好顺其自然，别再引发更多麻烦。)”可知，let sleeping dogs lie意为“别自找麻烦”与“leave things untouched”意思相同。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans use many expressions with the word dog.(美国人使用很多带有‘dog’这个词的表达。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式。故选D。 话题4 人际关系 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川资阳安岳中学） My roommate Lily was well organised, while I was not. Each of her things had its place, but mine were always hidden somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签于) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Lily got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Lily came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Lily answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart. Slowly. I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so lost in my work that I even didn’t notice Lily had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression a kind of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Lily and I stayed roommates for the rest of the college years. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together, giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 1．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving some examples. C．By showing the difference. D．By describing a process. 2．What made Lily so angry one evening? A．She heard the author shouting loud. B．She saw the author’s shoes under her bed. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She couldn’t find her books anymore. 3．Why did the author clean up the room? A．Because she wanted to show her care for Lily. B．Because she hated herself for being so messy. C．Because Lily required her to do so. D．Because she was scared by Lily’s anger. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Hard Work Pays Off B．Learning to Be Roommates C．My Friend Lily D．How to Be Organised? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了室友之间的冲突及如何通过理解和互相包容解决矛盾的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“My roommate Lily was well organised, while I was not. Each of her things had its place, but mine were always hidden somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签于) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Lily got neater and I got messier. (我的室友Lily非常有条理，而我没有。她的每样东西都有固定的位置，而我的东西总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给所有的东西都贴上了标签。我总是到处找东西。随着时间的推移，Lily变得越来越整洁，而我则越来越杂乱。)”可知，第一段主要描述了作者和室友Lily在组织习惯上的不同，Lily很有条理，而作者则很杂乱。所以作者是通过叙述两人之间的差异来组织这一段的内容的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Soon, I heard her screaming. ‘Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!’ (很快，我听到她尖叫：‘把你的鞋拿走！为什么会在我的床下！’)”可知，让Lily发怒的是她看见作者的鞋子在她的床下面，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart. (显然，这是她不应该独自经历的事情。突然间，一股温暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”可知，作者打扫房间是因为她同情Lily，想要表达自己对她的关心，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together, giving in, cleaning up and holding on. (我们并不总是一致，但我们学会了共同生活的关键，学会妥协、整理和坚持。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者与自己的室友Lily的生活习惯很不相同，后来她们两个人之间发生的一场冲突让作者学会了关心室友，学会了如何与室友相处，因此最好的标题应该是B选项“Learning to Be Roommates (学会做室友)”，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安） I wasn’t the most popular student in my first year of high school - not at all. In fact, I felt awkward. I didn’t care about fashion, liked reading more than sports, and had trouble talking to boys. Because of this, my first year of high school was hard. I had no close friends. I usually stayed alone and read books a lot. That’s why I was so surprised when Ashley and I became friends the summer before my second year. Ashley was very different from me. She was outgoing and loved fashion. She listened to bands I never heard of and was good at art. She was popular, and I remembered she had always been like that. These were things I knew nothing about. We had been in the same class before, but we never talked much. I was always nervous around her. During summer school, we took classes to graduate early. The teacher paired us for a project. At first, Ashley seemed unwilling to work with me. But I think she agreed because none of her cool friends were in the class. We met at the library for the project and hit it off quickly. Ashley did most of the talking. We sat together for the rest of the summer, and after classes ended, we kept hanging out. We went shopping, listened to music, watched movies, and went to the beach. It was everything a great summer with a new friend should be. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．The author’s lonely first year of high school. B．How Ashley changed the author’s life. C．How the author and Ashley became friends. D．The importance of summer school. 6．Why was Ashley willing to work with the author eventually? A．She thought the author was a big reader. B．Her popular friends weren’t in the class. C．She has no close friends. D．She loved fashion. 7．What can we learn about the author and Ashley before summer school? A．They often argued with each other. B．They were classmates but seldom talked. C．Ashley admired the author. D．They were close competitors. 8．What does the phrase “hit it off” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Argued a lot. B．Worked efficiently. C．Got along well immediately. D．Found many differences. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中第一年并不受欢迎，感到尴尬且没有亲密朋友，但在第二年前的夏天与性格迥异的Ashley成为朋友，两人一起上课、完成项目，并在暑假期间一起度过了许多美好时光的故事。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇介绍作者高一时的孤独处境（不受欢迎、没朋友），随后引出与 Ashley 的友谊让她意外；接着对比两人的不同之处，以及过去几乎不交流的状态；最后重点讲述暑假补习时，因老师分配合作项目，两人逐渐熟悉并成为朋友，还描述了一起相处的经历。全文核心是围绕“作者和 Ashley 如何从陌生到成为朋友”展开，清晰呈现了友谊建立的过程。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The teacher paired us for a project. At first, Ashley seemed unwilling to work with me. But I think she agreed because none of her cool friends were in the class.()”可知，作者推测Ashley最终愿意和自己合作，是因为Ashley那些酷酷的朋友都不在这个暑假补习班的班级里。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We had been in the same class before, but we never talked much. I was always nervous around her.(我们以前在同一个班，但很少说话。我在她身边时总是很紧张。)”可知，在暑假补习之前，作者和Ashley曾是同班同学，但很少交流，作者在Ashley身边还总是很紧张。故选B。 8．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在语境“At first, Ashley seemed unwilling to work with me. But I think she agreed because none of her cool friends were in the class. We met at the library for the project and hit it off quickly. Ashley did most of the talking. We sat together for the rest of the summer, and after classes ended, we kept hanging out. We went shopping, listened to music, watched movies, and went to the beach. It was everything a great summer with a new friend should be.(一开始，Ashley似乎不太愿意和我合作。但我觉得，她之所以同意，是因为她那些酷酷的朋友都不在这个班里。我们在图书馆为了项目碰面，很快就……。大部分时间都是Ashley在说话。那个夏天剩下的日子里，我们一直坐在一起；课程结束后，我们也还继续一起玩。我们一起去购物、听音乐、看电影、去海滩。那完全就是和新朋友共度美好夏天该有的样子。)”可知，作者和Ashley因暑假补习的项目被分到一组，起初Ashley似乎不愿合作，但两人在图书馆碰面后，两人关系发生了变化。而且后来两个人一起度过了整个夏天。由此可知，两人见面后很快就相处融洽，关系迅速拉近。“hit it off”在此处意为“一见如故，很快相处融洽”，与C选项“Got along well immediately.(立即相处得很好)”含义一致。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・第七中学） Last year, my dad was diagnosed with a progressive and deadly disease. It’s already taken my dad’s ability to talk and eat normally. There is no cure. When he told me about his diagnosis (诊断), I knew two things instantly: I wanted to spend as much time with him as possible and if I was going to be living in my childhood home, I would need a hobby. Though never skilled at handcrafts, I’ve always found comfort in knitting. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket (方格毯) in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was weaving out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping? “It’s unbelievably mindful,” says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. “That’s part of really sitting with something.” On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery’s church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop “Sadness & Weaving”. “I think it was important to have that in the name as well,” she says, “We are going to talk about sorrow, death and loss. But we’re also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a lot of things.” It’s a project that had been sitting in her workshop for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the “knitting light” for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn’t — being here is therapeutic. As Gatto says, after all, it’s not the end product that’s the therapy (治疗法). It’s the act of doing it. “A big thing with sadness is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that’s exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.” 9．What does the underlined word “game” in paragraph 2 mean? A．willing B．hesitant C．curious D．anxious 10．Why did the author turn to knitting after her father’s diagnosis? A．To create a gift for her father. B．To follow her mother’s hobby. C．To seek comfort and distraction. D．To master a new professional skill. 11．What is Rafferty’s attitude to the workshop? A．cautious B．supportive C．negative D．indifferent 12．What is the key to the therapy process according to Gatto? A．Forgetting sadness by keeping busy. B．Creating a valuable product as a symbol. C．Achieving high production through teamwork. D．Turning inner pain into a shared physical activity. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在父亲确诊不治之症后，为陪伴父亲并缓解心绪重拾编织，母亲也一同参与的经历。通过这次经历，作者发现编织的疗愈力不在于成品，而在于动手协作、身心共同梳理情绪的过程。 9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Though never skilled at handcrafts, I’ve always found comfort in knitting. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was weaving out dozens of multicolored squares. (虽然我向来不擅长手工活，但一直觉得编织能带来慰藉。母亲在二十多岁时曾织过一条方格毯，她也……重新学习编织。年轻时，编织方格毯曾是她晚饭后的日常，很快我也织出了几十个色彩斑斓的方格。)”可知，母亲曾有编织经历，并且母亲的参与让编织项目顺利推进。由此可知，她积极参与了编织。选项A“willing”，意为“乐意的”，符合语境。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When he told me about his diagnosis, I knew two things instantly: I wanted to spend as much time with him as possible and if I was going to be living in my childhood home, I would need a hobby.(当他告诉我诊断结果时，我立刻明确了两件事：一是我想尽可能多地陪伴他；二是既然要住回童年的家，我需要培养一个爱好。)”以及第二段“Though never skilled at handcrafts, I’ve always found comfort in knitting. (虽然我向来不擅长手工活，但一直觉得编织能带来慰藉。)”可知，作者父亲确诊后，既想多陪伴父亲，又需要一项爱好填补生活，而编织能给她带来慰藉。这说明作者选择编织是为了寻求心灵慰藉并转移注意力。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn’t — being here is therapeutic.(身为治疗师的Rafferty说，她差点想跳过工作坊，在家陪狗，但最终很庆幸自己来了——在这里的经历具有疗愈效果。)”可知，Rafferty虽一度想放弃参加工作坊，但最终庆幸自己前往，且明确表示在这里的经历具有疗愈效果，体现出她对工作坊的认可与支持态度。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As Gatto says, after all, it’s not the end product that’s the therapy. It’s the act of doing it. “A big thing with sadness is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that’s exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.”(正如Gatto所说，归根结底，疗愈的关键不在于最终的成品，而在于编织的过程本身。“面对悲伤，重要的是从心理和身体两方面去接纳它、度过它，”Gatto说，“这正是我们在这里所做的事。我们带着心中或许沉重的思绪或情感而来，然后用双手去编织，去梳理，去彼此陪伴着共同面对。”)”可知，Gatto明确表示疗愈的关键不在于最终成品，而在于动手做的过程——人们带着内心沉重的情绪而来，通过双手编织这一身体活动，彼此协作共同面对悲伤，即把内心痛苦转化为共同参与的身体行动。故选D。 话题5 环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川内江・期末） Have you ever thrown old things into the bin? Yes, we all have this kind of experience, but many of us still haven’t taken part in a festival for that. In a small town in California, the community center hosts a monthly recycling festival where residents bring various recyclables like old newspapers, plastic bottles, and metal cans and local volunteers are on-hand to guide the proper sorting. Moreover, people exchange ideas on recycling, and children are taught how different materials can be transformed into new items. “I used to throw everything in one bin. But after coming to these festivals, I understand the importance of sorting,” said a local resident, Sarah. What other things can we do for the environment? In Portland, Oregon, the government sets a rule for gardening with native plants across the city. Native plants are adapted to the local climate, requiring less water and fewer pesticides. Many households have replaced their traditional lawns (草坪) with gardens filled with native flowers and grasses. These gardens not only beautify the neighborhood but also provide habitats for local wildlife. “Our garden has become a home for bees and butterflies. It’s wonderful to see them flying around, and it’s all thanks to our choice of native plants,” said Tom, a Portland homeowner. Another popular environmental proposal is the use of reusable items. In cities like New York, coffee shops advertise the benefits of recycling and encourage customers to bring their own reusable cups by offering a small discount (折扣). Grocery stores also promote the use of reusable bags with posters telling people the benefits of reusing bags. A shopper, Lisa, shared, “I always carry a reusable bag with me when I go shopping. It’s a simple step, but it helps reduce plastic waste significantly.” 1．Why is the monthly recycling festival hosted? A．To create jobs for local residents. B．To exchange second-hand materials. C．To promote sorting of recyclables. D．To change residents’ attitude to nature. 2．Which word best describes the practice of Portland? A．Fruitful. B．Fortunate. C．Costly. D．Meaningless. 3．How do New York coffee shops encourage reusable cups? A．By offering free drinks. B．By providing more coffee. C．By cutting down the price a little. D．By giving posters to customers. 4．What does the author want to stress about environmental protection? A．Advance in technologies. B．Supports from plant companies. C．Responsibilities of the government. D．Education and everyone’s participation. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国，人们如何保护环境的一些做法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In a small town in California, the community center hosts a monthly recycling festival where residents bring various recyclables like old newspapers, plastic bottles, and metal cans and local volunteers are on-hand to guide the proper sorting. Moreover, people exchange ideas on recycling, and children are taught how different materials can be transformed into new items. “I used to throw everything in one bin. But after coming to these festivals, I understand the importance of sorting,” said a local resident, Sarah.(在加利福尼亚州的一个小镇上，社区中心每月举办一次回收节，居民们会带来各种可回收物，如旧报纸、塑料瓶和金属罐，当地志愿者也在现场指导正确的分类。此外，人们就回收利用交换意见，孩子们被教导如何将不同的材料转化为新的物品。当地居民Sarah说：“我过去常常把所有东西都放在一个垃圾桶里。但在参加了这些节日后，我明白了分类的重要性。”。)”可知，举办每月一次的回收节的目的是促进可回收物品的分类。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Native plants are adapted to the local climate, requiring less water and fewer pesticides. Many households have replaced their traditional lawns (草坪) with gardens filled with native flowers and grasses. These gardens not only beautify the neighborhood but also provide habitats for local wildlife. “Our garden has become a home for bees and butterflies. It’s wonderful to see them flying around, and it’s all thanks to our choice of native plants,” said Tom, a Portland homeowner.(本地植物适应当地气候，需要更少的水和更少的农药。许多家庭把传统的草坪换成了种满了花草的花园。这些花园不仅美化了社区，还为当地野生动物提供了栖息地。波特兰房主汤姆说：“我们的花园已经成为蜜蜂和蝴蝶的家园。看到它们飞来飞去真是太棒了，这都要归功于我们选择了当地的植物。”。)”可知，波特兰的实践是富有成效的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In cities like New York, coffee shops advertise the benefits of recycling and encourage customers to bring their own reusable cups by offering a small discount (折扣).(在纽约等城市，咖啡店宣传回收利用的好处，并通过提供小折扣鼓励顾客自带可重复使用的杯子。)”可知，纽约的咖啡店是通过给折扣，即把价格降低一点，来鼓励使用可重复使用的杯子。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In a small town in California, the community center hosts a monthly recycling festival where residents bring various recyclables like old newspapers, plastic bottles, and metal cans and local volunteers are on-hand to guide the proper sorting.(在加利福尼亚州的一个小镇上，社区中心每月举办一次回收节，居民们会带来各种可回收物，如旧报纸、塑料瓶和金属罐，当地志愿者也在现场指导正确的分类。)”和第二段中“Many households have replaced their traditional lawns (草坪) with gardens filled with native flowers and grasses.(许多家庭把传统的草坪换成了种满了花草的花园。)”以及第三段中“In cities like New York, coffee shops advertise the benefits of recycling and encourage customers to bring their own reusable cups by offering a small discount (折扣). Grocery stores also promote the use of reusable bags with posters telling people the benefits of reusing bags.(在纽约等城市，咖啡店宣传回收利用的好处，并通过提供小折扣鼓励顾客自带可重复使用的杯子。杂货店还通过海报宣传重复使用塑料袋的好处，以促进人们使用可重复使用的塑料袋。)”可知，关于环境保护，作者想强调教育和人人参与相结合。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川南充普通高中・期末） On the slopes of a volcano in central Mexico, biologist Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero and his team imaged a climate shelter for oyamel fir trees (南美洲冷杉) and the monarch butterflies that depend on them. In 2021, the researchers walked up the mountain to plant seedlings in freezing cold temperatures. “We’re doing something different. If we don’t do this, the trees in the monarch reserve are going to die,” says Sáenz-Romero, a researcher at the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo in Michoacán, also home to the reserve. By 2090, the reserve’s forest habitats, located around 11,000 feet, are expected to become worse, as temperatures warm. Using a technique called assisted migration, researchers might be able to move these trees to the nearby volcano. It also helps the forest move more quickly than it would do so naturally. “You collect seeds from a place with a specific climate, like the monarch reserve, and move them to an area that will have a similar climate in the future,” explains Sáenz-Romero. The experiment began in 2017, when Sáenz-Romero and his team gathered seeds from oyamel fir trees in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve at various altitudes. In 2023, six years after planting the seeds, they found that at two of those heights, 11,800 and 12,400 feet, nearly 70 percent of the seedlings had survived even at the higher altitude. “These types of experiments are extremely important,” say Sally Aitken, a professor in Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia, who wasn’t involved in the study. “However, assisted migration outside of a tree’s normal range comes with concerns,” Aitken says. Oyamel firs don’t normally grow at this height on Nevado de Toluca’s slopes. Moving a species could have unforeseen environmental impacts on other species present in that ecosystem. “There’s uncertainty around these field tests,” she explains, “but they’re crucial to better understand whether assisted migration could realistically save forest ecosystems.” 5．What will happen to the reserve’s forest habitats by 2090? A．They will become colder. B．They will expand to higher altitudes. C．They will decline due to rising temperatures. D．They will be taken over by other tree species. 6．Why do researchers use assisted migration for oyamel fir trees? A．To make trees grow taller. B．To attract more monarch butterflies. C．To reduce the number of seeds collected. D．To speed up the movement of the forest. 7．What does Sally Aitken think of assisted migration? A．It is supposed to be widely applied. B．It has no local ecosystem impact. C．It works but harms local ecosystems. D．It has risks but is vital for research. 8．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Saving Oyamel Fir Trees B．The Survival of Oyamel Firs C．Protecting Monarch Butterflies D．The New Method of Tree-planting 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了生物学家库奥特梅克·萨恩斯-罗梅罗及其团队对为南美洲冷杉树提供的气候庇护所以及依赖这些冷杉树生存的帝王蝶进行研究，然后提出辅助迁移技术。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段末句“By 2090, the reserve’s forest habitats, located around 11,000 feet, are expected to become worse, as temperatures warm.(到2090年，该保护区海拔约11000英尺的森林栖息地预计会因气温升高而变得更加恶劣)”可知，栖息地因气温升高而减少。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Using a technique called assisted migration, researchers might be able to move these trees to the nearby volcano. It also helps the forest move more quickly than it would do so naturally.(通过一种名为“辅助迁移”的技术，研究人员或许能够将这些树木移至附近的火山处。这种方法还能使森林的迁移速度比自然迁移更快)”可知，辅助迁移技术用于帮助森林加速迁移。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据末段中的“Moving a species could have unforeseen environmental impacts on other species present in that ecosystem.(迁移某一物种可能会对该生态系统中现存的其他物种造成意想不到的环境影响)”以及“but they’re crucial to better understand whether assisted migration could realistically save forest ecosystems.(但它们对于更深入地理解人工迁移是否能够切实保护森林生态系统而言至关重要)”可知，这种技术有不好的一面但是对研究至关重要。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。结合本文首段“On the slopes of a volcano in central Mexico, biologist Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero and his team imaged a climate shelter for oyamel fir trees and the monarch butterflies that depend on them.(在墨西哥中部一座火山的山坡上，生物学家库奥特梅克·萨恩斯-罗梅罗及其团队对南美洲冷杉及其所依赖的帝王蝶的栖息地进行了影像拍摄)”以及末段末句“There’s uncertainty around these field tests,” she explains, “but they’re crucial to better understand whether assisted migration could realistically save forest ecosystems.”(她解释道：“这些实地测试存在一定的不确定性，但它们对于更深入地了解辅助迁移是否能够切实保护森林生态系统具有至关重要的意义”)”可知，本文旨在交代要保护南美洲冷杉，A项“拯救冷杉”适合作标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川南充普通高中・期末） Plastics (塑料) are amazing materials which are widely used in our daily lives. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That’s about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental scourge (祸根). Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled. Another 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent ended up in landfills or in nature; And that plastic, like a single Lego block, takes a long time to decompose (降解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor. Many animals this rubbish for food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds, turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren’t the only problem. Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics. Winds blow these bits far and wide. Ocean waves can spread them throughout the sea. These pollutants build up inside animals. They also get into our food and drinking water. Each American is likely to consume (消费) more than 70,000 microplastic pieces per year. Right now, no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Microbes or mealworms with an appetite for plastic might someday eat the garbage. And new nanotechnology could help microplastics decompose in the environment. But many of these plans are still far from effective so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic — and then throwing it out — in the first place. 9．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to be recycled. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 10．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By making them suffer from hunger. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 11．What is the author’s attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Opposed. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 12．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to deal with plastic. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To introduce the current state of plastic pollution. 【答案】9．A 10．A 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料制品的广泛应用及其带来的严重污染问题，指出大部分塑料垃圾难以分解，危害动植物和人类健康。作者客观分析了现有清理方法的局限性，最终呼吁减少塑料使用以保护环境。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“And that plastic, like a single Lego block, takes a long time to decompose.(而那种塑料就像一个单独的乐高积木一样，需要很长的时间才能分解。)”可知，作者将塑料垃圾比作单个的乐高积木，是为了说明塑料垃圾很难分解。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many animals this rubbish for food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer.( 许多动物把这种垃圾当作食物。如果它们吃饱了，这些动物可能会忘记去吃真正的食物，从而遭受不良后果。)”可知，许多动物把塑料垃圾当作食物，如果它们吃撑了，就可能会忘记吃真正的食物，从而遭受饥饿之苦。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But, many of these plans are still far from effective so far.(目前许多清理塑料垃圾的方法还远未达到有效)”可知，作者对目前清理塑料垃圾的方法持怀疑态度。选项D“Doubtful (怀疑的)”符合题意。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Plastics are amazing materials, which are widely used in our daily life. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That’s about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away.(塑料是一种神奇的材料，在我们的日常生活中被广泛应用。此外，它们的制造成本通常较低。迄今为止，已生产了约 83 亿公吨的塑料。这大约是吉萨大金字塔重量的 1400 倍。其中部分塑料仍在使用中。但约有 58 亿公吨的塑料已被丢弃。)”以及通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了塑料垃圾的产量和现状，接着阐述了塑料垃圾对环境和动物的影响，然后介绍了目前清理塑料垃圾的方法及其局限性，最后提出了减少塑料垃圾购买和丢弃的建议。整篇文章主要是在介绍塑料污染的现状。D选项“To introduce the current state of plastic pollution.(介绍当前塑料污染的现状。)”符合题意。故选D。 话题6自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26 高一上・四川成都锦江区嘉祥外国语高级中学） The dry land in Gir National Park and Wildlife Reserve (保护区), located in India, is the proud and only home of the Asiatic lion. By the early 1900s, however, their populations had decreased for habitat loss and hunting, leaving fewer than 50 alive. Though their numbers have risen over the past several decades — climbing to around 670 in 2020, a successful story — the lions are still considered endangered. One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, hard work. Some animals, like tigers and zebras, have special coat patterns that provide useful marks to the researchers. But for the Asiatic lions, researchers must look elsewhere. In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for India’s National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (准确性). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice. “It will be a fantastic tool for long-term lion monitoring,” says Banerjee. He adds, “It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information — how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.” Despite the advantages,  Banerjee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen. “Where tools like SIMBA really shine,” he says, “is in helping researchers develop monitoring plans that are keys to the protection of at-risk animals,” he says, “otherwise, all your efforts will be useless.” 1．What is the greatest difficulty in protecting Asiatic lions? A．Stopping them from being killed. B．Setting up natural reserves. C．Protecting their living environment. D．Keeping track of them. 2．How does SIMBA help researchers? A．By providing accurate information. B．By locating lions’ homes. C．By monitoring the animal stealers. D．By tracking other animals. 3．What’s  Banerjee’s opinion about the AI program? A．It needs to be widely used. B．It has saved the endangered animals. C．Its possible risks should be considered. D．Its disadvantages can be ignored. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The biggest challenge of an AI system. B．The measures of protecting Asiatic lions. C．The application of AI on protecting animals. D．An AI program for the endangered Asiatic lions. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI程序SIMBA助力保护濒危亚洲狮的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the biggest challenges to keep the lions’ future is to track them, a hard work.(保障狮子未来的最大挑战之一是追踪它们，这是一项艰巨的工作)”可知，保护亚洲狮最大的困难是追踪它们。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2019, Banerjee, who worked for India’s National Tiger Conservation Authority, developed an AI system to recognize the lions with high accuracy (准确性). The AI program, SIMBA, has been applied in practice. “It will be a fantastic tool for long-term lion monitoring,” says Banerjee. He adds, “It could help forest officials arrive at a more accurate estimate (评估) of Gir’s lion population. In a few years, the group will have a rich collection of information-how many lions are male, female, how many will bear babies and how many are dead.”(2019年，在印度国家老虎保护局工作的Banerjee开发了一个人工智能系统，可以高精度地识别狮子。该人工智能程序SIMBA已在实践中得到应用。班纳吉说：“这将是长期监测狮子的绝佳工具。”。他补充道：“这可以帮助森林官员更准确地估计吉尔的狮子数量。几年后，该小组将收集到丰富的信息——有多少狮子是雄性、雌性，有多少会生下幼崽，有多少已经死亡。”)”可知，SIMBA通过提供准确信息来帮助研究人员。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the advantages, Baneijee also adds his worries. He suggests certain rules be made to prevent main information from being stolen.(尽管有优势，Banerjee也表达了他的担忧。他建议制定某些规则以防止主要信息被盗)”可推知，Banerjee认为应该考虑AI程序可能存在的风险。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了亚洲狮的生存现状，第二段指出保护亚洲狮面临的最大挑战是追踪它们，第三段介绍了Banerjee开发的用于识别亚洲狮的AI程序SIMBA及其作用，第四段提到Banerjee对AI程序的担忧。整体围绕用于保护濒危亚洲狮的AI程序展开。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26 高一上・四川郫都考试） John Charlie Veron—widely known as the “Father of Coral Reef (珊瑚礁) ” — is a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and has spent the past 45 years studying Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. But now the 73-year-old is raising the alarm about its future. The Great Barrier Reef, one of the natural wonders, is 2,300 kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space. It is considered a world treasure site due to its biodiversity (生物多样性) with 30 species of whales, dolphins and sharks. Within the reef itself, there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes. However, its health is threatened. After the recent mass bleaching (白化) events, Veron dived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage by himself. “I was seeing and feeling it and it was absolutely shocking,” he says. Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures are a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threat to the reef. Fortunately, earlier this year, the Australian government announced nearly 400million dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef. There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process of the funding. “It won’t be wasted, though,” Veron says. “Scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef. What the scientists hope to do is help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.” 5．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a world treasure site? A．It is a natural wonder. B．It can be seen from space. C．It has a rich variety of species. D．It is 2,300 kilometers long. 6．Which does Veron think is one of the biggest threats to the reef? A．Human activities. B．Climate change. C．Bleaching events. D．Tiny organisms and fishes. 7．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Uncaring. 8．What does the text mainly tell us? A．The health of the reef in the world is worrying. B．Climate change is threatening biodiversity. C．The reasons for the reef bleaching are clear. D．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。“珊瑚礁之父”Veron警示，大堡礁因气候变化等受威胁，澳大利亚投巨资保护，他对其未来持积极态度。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is considered a world treasure site due to its biodiversity (生物多样性) with 30 species of whales, dolphins and sharks. Within the reef itself, there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes.(由于其生物多样性，它被视为世界瑰宝，有30种鲸鱼、海豚和鲨鱼。在珊瑚礁内部，还有许多微小的生物和鱼类。)”可知，大堡礁被视为世界瑰宝是因为其物种丰富多样。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures are a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threat to the reef.(Veron说，过去几年的大规模白化事件以及失去大自然最伟大宝藏之一的可能性，为世界在应对气候变化的更广泛斗争中敲响了警钟，气候变化与海水温度上升一起被认为是对珊瑚礁的最大威胁。)”可知，Veron认为气候变化是珊瑚礁最大的威胁之一。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘It won’t be wasted, though,’ Veron says. ‘Scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef. What the scientists hope to do is help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.’(‘不过，它不会被浪费，’Veron说。‘科学家们将能够创建一种种子库来保护该物种，直到气候足够好，可以重建珊瑚礁。科学家们希望在二氧化碳大幅增加结束并开始下降后，能帮助大自然继续前进。’)”可知，Veron对珊瑚礁的未来持积极态度。故选A项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures are a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threat to the reef.(Veron说，过去几年的大规模白化事件以及失去大自然最伟大宝藏之一的可能性，为世界在应对气候变化的更广泛斗争中敲响了警钟，气候变化与海水温度上升一起被认为是对珊瑚礁的最大威胁。)”可知，文章主要讲述了“珊瑚礁之父”John Charlie Veron警示大堡礁因气候变化等面临威胁，以及澳大利亚政府的相关应对措施，核心是讲述大堡礁正处于灭绝的危险中。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26 高一上・四川内江第一中学） The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 9．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 10．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 11．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 12．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气候变化对亚马逊雨林中鸟类的影响。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change.(鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态平衡的指标。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings.(同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。)”可知，约33%的物种长出更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，故选A。 11．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size(他们认为，体型较小的鸟类或许更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，体型较小的动物，其体表面积与身体大小的比率更大。)”可知，较小动物散发热量更快，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与give off（散发）的词义一致 。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds.(然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处。)”可知，研究人员可能会进一步研究鸟类翅膀长度变化的好处。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $