2026年初中英语语法精讲精练 chapter 11 时态与被动语态

初中英语语法精讲精练 chapter 11 时态与被动语态 时态 一 、一般现在时 难点精讲 一般现在时适用于以下情况： 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或存在的状态。 常与often,usually,every day,sometimes,always,never,once a week,on Sundays 等时间 状语连用。 I get up at six o'clock every morning. 我每天早晨六点钟起床。 2. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。 The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 There are four seasons in a year:spring,summer,autumn and winter. 一年有四季：春、夏、秋、冬。 3. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Tell him about that when he comes. 他来的时候，告诉他。 We'll start as soon as you are ready. 你们一准备好，我们就开始。 If you ask her,she will help you. 你要是求她帮忙，她肯定会帮你的。 4. 构成：主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形 主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式。 一讲一练 1. We won't go unless you Soon. A. coming B. came C. will come D. come 『析』在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作或所处的状态。故选 D。 2. Japan to the east of China. A. lie B. lies C. is lies D. is lying 「析』表示客观事实或者普遍真理时用一般现在时。故选B。 3. The plane to Shanghai at 8:30. A. leaves B. leaving C. will leave D. leave 『析」用一般现在时表示将来确定要发生的动作，如已经安排好或者计划好的动作，能这样用 的动词有go,come,leave,start,arrive,be 等。故选A。 二、一般过去时 1. It Yang Liwei about 21 hours the earth 14 times in his spaceship. A. spent;circling B. took;traveling C. spent;to travel D. took;to circle 「析』此题句型结构为It takes sb. st. to do sth. 意为某人花费多少时间做某事，故选D。 2. —Your phone number again?I quite catch it. —It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 「析』本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过 · 去，因此应用过去时。句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时 ， 不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。故选A。 3. He said he me a present unless I in doing the experiment. A. had not given;had not succeeded B. would not give;succeed C. will not give;succeed D. would not give;will succeed. 「析』在时间，条件或让步状语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有 He said,故为过去式。主句 用将来时，故选 B。 C 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. There no bus stop here last year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. She said that they a good time. A. had B. has C. have D. will have 3. Mike until his father came back. A. went to bed B. doesn't go to bed C. didn't go to bed D. wouldn't go to bed 4. My sister and herself when she was riding her bike yesterday. A. falls. . . hurt B. falls. . hurts C. has fallen. …hurt D. fell. . hurt 5. He with us yesterday morning. A. doesn't go swimming B. goes swimming C. didn't go swimming D. went to swimming 6. your parents in Shanghai last year? A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were D 组：用所给动词的一般过去时填空 1. Tom (watch)TV at home last night. He (go) nowhere. 2. When I (be)young,I often (play)football. 3. He (be)not with me at that time. 4. She (give)Mary a present last Christmas. 5. It (happen)an hour ago. 6. They (go)to the park last Sunday. 7. I (have)a good time last holiday. 8. Mrs. Li (live)here many years ago. 9. he (do)his homework yesterday?No,he (not finish)it. 10. Fatherr (get)a letter from my sister last week. 11. Who (break)the window just now? 12. It was very cold,so he on his coat. (put) 13. The bed wasn't good,I very well. (sleep) 14. Bob was very tired,so he to bed earlier than before. (go) 15. The play wasn't interesting. They it very much. (enjoy) 16. I went to Lily's flat but she there. (be) 17. She was in a hurry,so she time to cook for you. (have) 答案：C 组：1～5 BACDC 6. D D 组：1. watched,went 2. was,played 3. was 4. gave 5. happened 6. went 7. had 8. lived 9. Did,do,didn’t finish 10. got 11. broke 12. put 13. slept 14. went 15. enjoyed 16. was 17. didn't have 三、一般将来时 难点精讲 1. 表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如： I(We)shall be back tomorrow. 我(我们)明天回来。 He'll come next week. 他下周来。 2. 一般将来时由shall(will,be going to)+动词原形构成。其中shall 用于第1人称，will 可 用于任一人称。 3“be going to+ 动词原形”结构，表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事；或表示说话人根据 已有的迹象认为很可能要发生的事情。如： We are going to have a party tonight. 今晚我们要举办一个晚会。 I am going to meet Mary at the station at ten. 我10点钟要到车站去接玛丽。 4. 一般现在时(限于某些瞬间动词),如：leave,arrive,return,come,go,start,open,get, meet,sail,spend,begin,finish 等，表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。如： The plane leaves at nine. 飞机9点起飞。 The museum opens at eight tomorrow morning. 这个博物馆明早8点开门。 一讲一练 1. When we get our tickets,be marked“first class” A. it is to B. it will C. they were to D. they will 『析」when 引出的时间状语从句中谓语用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句谓语应用一般将 来时。故选D。 2. Look!The woman with curl hair over there us a talk about DNA. A. is about to give B. would give C. was going to give D. had given 『析Jbe about 动词不定式，表示即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。故选A。 3. She _me at the airport this evening. A. is seeing;out B. is seeing;off C. sees;off D. will see;out 『析』一些动词的进行时表示将来的情况。故选B。 E 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. She to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. A. went B. would go C. has gone D. will go 2. There a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would be 3. They a new bridge over the river next year. A. have built B. are going to build C. are building D. were going to build 4. We to the Great Wall if it tomorrow. A. don't go;rains B. won't go;rains C. won't go;will rain D. go;doesn't rain 5. Either you or he there tomorrow. A. go B. goes C. are going D. is going 6. A present to me by Mother next week. A. will give B. is given C. will be give D. will be given F 组：用所给动词的一般将来时填空 1. I won't (be)free tomorrow. 2. The students (have)a meeting this weekend. 3. Lily (stay)with me tonight. 4. It's going to (rain)this evening. 5. We are going to (visit)the Summer Palace next Monday. 6. She is going to (help)Tim again on Sunday. 7. Jim (see)a film tomorrow. 8. We (visit)our teacher next Sunday. 9. you (need)me to help you? 10. They (not go)there if it snows tomorrow. 11. There (be)a meeting tomorrow morning. 12. She (come)here soon. 答案：E 组：1～6 DBBBDD F 组：1. be 2. will/are going to have 3. will/is going to stay 4. rain 5. visit 6. help 7. will/is going to see 8. shall/will/are going to visit 9. Will,need 10. will not go 11. will/is going to be 12. will/is going to come 四、过去将来时 难点精讲 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时主 要用在宾语从句中。如： She said she would go to Shanghai for the holiday. 她说她要到上海度假。 过去将来时的构成： 1. 过去将来时由“would+ 动词原形”构成，无人称变化。 would 常缩写为'd, 如 ：I'd,you'd, he'd 等 。would not 常缩写为 wouldn't。 2. 过去将来时由“was(were)going to+动词原形”构成 She said she was going to swim next week. 她说她下周要去游泳。 一讲一练 1. They the game when it began to rain. A. were about to start B. were about start C. were to starting D. were about to starting 「析』“was+were(about)+ 动词不定式”,表示某种过去将来的意义。故选A。 2. He was 8. In two years he 10. A. will go B. would go C. has gone D. goes 「析]表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事，都可以表示过去将来时。“他8岁了，再过2年就 10岁了。”故选B G 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. The teacher said that she us to the park the next day. A. will take B. has taken C. would take D. is taking 2. Mr. Brown asked who the message to Mr. Evans. A. was going to talk B. has taken C. could give D. will tell 3. —What did the scientist say? —He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly 4. He said there another new school near the lake soon. A. was B. had been C. would be D. was having H 组：用所给动词的过去将来时填空。 1. He told us that he (go)to London next month. 2. She said there (be)a new play that evening. 3. Mrs. Lee hoped that her son (come)to see her very soon. 4. We asked them what (happen)next. 5. That woman bodyguard told us she (let)us in if we could show her the passes. 6. Tony wanted to know when she (visit)the exhibition again. 答 案 ：G 组：1～4 CCBC F 组：1. would go 2. would be 3. would come 4. would happen 5. would let 6. would visit 五 、现在进行时 难点精讲 现在进行时适用于以下几种情况 1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。如：I am writing a letter. 我正在写信。 2. 表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如： She is translating a novel these days. 这些天她正在翻译一本小说。 3. 有些动词：如come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stay 等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的 动作，一般跟时间状语，表明动作发生的时间。如：The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 4. 现在进行时与always,forever 等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，含有“赞 叹”、“厌烦”等感情色彩。如：He is always thinking of his work. 他总是想着他的工作。 5. 构成：be(am,is,are)+ 现在分词。 一讲一练 1. Dictionary ,I have looked for it everywhere but still it. A. has lost;don't find B. is missing;don't find C. has lost;haven't found D. is missing;haven't found. 「析』前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成 时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。故选D。 2. My wife . A. has forever criticized me B. forever criticizes me C. does forever criticize me D. is forever criticizing me 『析」现在进行时与 always,continually,constantly,forever 等表示“经常”的状语连用，常表示 某种感情色彩。故选D。 1 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. Look!Li Lei Jim with his Chinese. A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help 2. Stay here,boy. Don't go out. It now. A. will rain B. is going to rain C. has rained D. is raining 3. The students of Class 3 a football game now. Let's go and watch it. A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had 4. Miss Gao ,she's working. A. isn't sleeping B. doesn't sleep C. is sleeping D. sleeps 5. The child on the chair and eating a cake. A. siting B. sitting C. is siting D. is sitting 6. Are all the twins the same clothes? A. put on B. putting on C. wear D. wearing 7. I don't think that it's true. He's always strange stories. A. tell B. telling C. told D. tells J 组：用所给动词的现在进行时填空 1. The students (read)English in the classroom now. 2. “What are you doing here?”“I (wait)for Tom. ” 3. Those students (work)in a factory these days. 4. More and more American people (give)up smoking. 5. Ms Lee (come) to see us tomorrow. And she (leave)for Beijing the day after tomorrow. 6. The Whites (go)to the concert this coming Saturday. 7. Look. A boy (write)on the wall. 8. Listen. The baby (cry). 9. they (do)their homework now? 10. —What he (play)now? —He (play)basketball. 11. Jenny (not watch)TV now. 12. Don't make any noise. My father (sleep). 答案：I 组：1～5 ADAAD6～7 DB J 组：1. are reading 2. am waiting 3. are working 4. are giving 5. is coming, is leaving 6. are going 7. is writing 8. is crying 9. Are,doing 10. is, playing, is playing 11. isn't watching 12. is sleeping 六、过去进行时 难 点 精 讲 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候，你在干什么? We were watching TV at seven o'clock last night. 昨天晚上7点钟，我们正在看电视。 过去进行时的构成： 2. was/were +现在分词。 一 讲 一 练 1. —I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday,why? —I for a long distance call then from my daughter in Canada. A. waited B. have waited C. was waiting D. will wait 「析』此题意为那个时候——过去某时刻，我正在打电话，所以应用过去进行时，故选C。 2. Mary a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 「析』割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when 表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服 时”为事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。故选 C。 3. As she the newspaper,Granny asleep. A. read;was falling B. was reading;fell C. was reading;was falling D. read;fell 「析』句中的 as=when,while, 意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行 时；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为“在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”中的 fell(fall 的过去时),是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。故选B。 4. James has just arrived,but I didn't know he until yesterday. A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. comes 「析』当主句谓语动词为过去时态，从句(特别是宾语从句)谓语动词常要受主句谓语动词的 时态影响。语法上称为“时态的呼应”。故选B。 K 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. When the teacher came in,the students A. talk B. are talking C. were talking D. will talk 2. —Were you writing a letter at 9 last night? —No, I A. were B. was C. wasn't D. weren't 3. Wang Lin and Zhou Hong for us when we got to the school gate. A. is waiting B. were waiting C. are waiting D. was waiting 4. My mother breakfast while I my face this morning. A. cooked;was washing B. was cooking;was washing C. was cooking;washed D. would cook;was washing 5. Joan Tom with his lessons at this time yesterday. A. was going to help B. was helping C. would help D. has helped 6. When I went to Linda's. She in bed reading. A. is lying B. has lain C. is going to lie D. was lying L 组：用所给动词的过去进行时填空 1. He (do)his homework at two o'clock yesterday afternoon. 2. They (have)a meeting from 8 to 10 last night. 3. Mary (watch)TV when we came in. 4. I (wash)my clothes this time yesterday. 5. At that time the boy (play)football. 6. While we (talk)with Mr. Wang in English, a foreigner came up. 答案：K 组：1～6 CCBBBD L 组：1. was doing 2. were having 3. was watching 4. was washing 5. was playing 6. were talking. 七、现在完成时 难点精讲 现在完成时是指： 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： I have just posted a letter. 我刚把信邮寄了。 2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态；常和表示一段时 间的状语，如：today,these days,since…,for…,this month,now 等连用。如： I have studied English for two years. 我学习英语已两年了。 They have been in Beijing since 1949. 他们从1949年起就住在北京。 一 讲 一 练 1. —What a nice bike!How long you it? —Just two weeks. A. will;buy B. did;buy C. are;having D. have;had 「析』此题考查现在完成时的用法，buy 是非延续性动词，因题中有表示延续意义的时间how long, 所以应把buy 转换为have, 故 选 D。 2. —Do you know our town at all? —No,this is the first time I here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 「析」This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 3. —Have you been to our town before? —No,it's the first time I here. A. even;come B. even;have come C. ever;come D. ever;have come 「 析Jever意为曾经或无论何时，反义词为never,此两词常用于完成时。This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is/was the first time +that clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。故选D。 4. A:I have received his letter for a month. ( ) B:I haven't received his letter for almost a month. (√) 「析』非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可 以持续的。 5. —May I go to play tennis with you,Dad? 一 you your composition yet? A. Are;finishing B. Did;finish C. Will;finish D. Have;finished 『析」yet 是现在完成时一般疑问句和否定句的常用标志，故选D。 6. You don't need to describe her. I her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 「析』首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告 知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。故选 B。 7. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh,not at all. I here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 「析』等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选 A。 M 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. Mr. Li isn't here. He to England. A. has been B. have been C. has gone D. have gone 2. Mike several places since he came to Beijing. A. will visit B. has visited C. is visiting D. visited 3. — your brother a new watch? —Not yet. A. Have;bought B. Did;buy C. Has;bought D. Will;buy 4. He here in 1980. He a teacher for over twenty years. A. came;was B. came;has been C. has come;is D. has come;has been 5. Lucy many friends since she went to Paris. A. made B. is going to make C. has made D. makes 6. She the dictionary to Alice yet. A. has returned B. hasn't returned C. would return D. returned 7. She said,“I'm sorry to hear that he ill for two weeks. ” A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 8. —Mum?May I go out and play basketball? you your homework yet? A. Do;do B. Are;doing C. Did;do D. Have;done N 组：用所给动词的现在完成时填空 1. He (go)to see Ms Lee and he'll be back in two hours. 2. Great changes (take)place in my hometown since 1996. 3. Ms Black (teach)maths for 21 years. 4. He (be)to Paris five times. 5. He joined the army when he was 18. He (be)an army man many years. 6. I don't want to see the film because I (see)it. I saw it last Monday. 7. He (live)in Beijing since he was born. 8. We (not hear)from them for a long time. 9. The Greens (be)to Shanghai twice. 10. Where is your father?He (go)to England. 11. How long you (learn)English? 12. They (not see)for two years. 答案：M组：1～5 CBCBC 6～8 BAD N 组：1. has gone 2. has taken 3. has taught 4. has been 5. has been 6. have seen 7. has lived 8. haven't heard 9. have been 10. has gone 11. have learned 12. haven't seen 八、过去完成时 难点精讲 过去完成时适用于以下情况： 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前，已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去”。 By the end of last month we had learned twelve English songs. 到上月底，我们已经学了12首英语歌曲。 2. 表示在过去某一时间之前开始，并一直延续到那时的动作或状态，如： She had lived in the north for five years before she came here. 她来这儿之前，在北方住了五年。 3. 构成：“助动词had+ 过去分词” 一讲一练 1. The students busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she in the office. A. had written;left B. writing;has left C. had written;had left D. were writing;had left 「析』“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“借书”这一动作发生在 过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when 表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于…… ” 这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。故选D。 2. I had hoped my letter. A. her to answer B. that she answer C. that she would answer D. her answering 「析』hope 一般情况下不带宾语补足语。本句主句为过去完成时，从句谓语通常用过去将来 时以保持时态一致。故选 C。 O 组：选择最佳答案填空 1. By the time school _over,the rain ,so I didn't use my raincoat. A. was;has stopped B. was;had stopped C. had been;stopped D. had been;had stopped 2. The film on for ten minutes when Jack got to the cinema. A. has been B. had been C. be D. would be 3. —Did you the concert last night? —Very much,I to a concert for a long time. A. enjoy;haven't gone B. enjoy;haven't been C. enjoy;hadn't gone D. enjoyed;didn't go 4. It nice to see John yesterday. I him for a long time. A. was;haven't seen B. had been;haven't seen C. was;hadn't seen D. had been;hadn't seen 5. Last night I studying at 9:30. Bill came at 9:50. By the time Bill came. I _my homework. A. finished;finished B. would finish;finished C. had finished;had finished D. finished;had finished P 组：用所给动词的过去完成时填空 1. He told me he (meet)her before. 2. She thanked me for what I _(do)for her son. 3. I (learn)300 English words by the end of last month. 4. He (leave)his office when I arrived there. 5. She (visit)the city three times before she died in 1997. 6. They knew she (borrow)a lot of money for her daughter. 答案：O组：1～5 BBCCD P 组：1. had met 2. had done 3. had learnt 4. had left 5. had visited 6. had borrowed 被动语态 一、被动语态的时态变化 难点精讲 1. 一 般现在时：助 动 词is(am,are)+过去分词 Russian is also taught in their school. 他们学校也教俄语。 The windows of our house are cleaned once a week. 我们房子的窗户一 星期擦一次。 2. 一般过去时：助动词was(were)+ 过去分词 Beijing was liberated in January,1949. 北京是一九四九年一 月解放的。 These photos were taken on the Great Wall. 这些照片是在长城拍摄的。 3. 一 般将来时：助 动 词will(be going to)+be+过去分词 A big theatre will be built here next year. 明年这里将建起一座大剧院。 This road is going to be repaired next month. 下个月修这条路。 4. 现在完成时：助 动 词have(has)+been + 过去分词 The vegetables have been put in the basket. 蔬菜已放在篮子里了。 The work has been finished. 这项工作已经完成了。 5. 现在进行时：助动词is(am,are)+being+ 过去分词 The reading-room is being cleaned now. 正在打扫阅览室。 6. 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态结构是：情态动词+be+ 过去分词 Your composition may be handed in next Monday. 你的作文可以在下星期一 交。 The work must be done before Thursday. 这项工作必须在星期四以前完成。 7. 被动语态转换，如下图示：宾语 the letter (be+过去分词) by him 谓语动词 wrote 主语 He (主动句) (被动句) was written The letter 一讲一练 1.Your bike needs A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repaired D.repairing 「析』不定式的被动语态由“to be+ 过去分词”构成。故选B。 2.Girls A.are wanted B.wanted C.wanting D.are wanting 『析」这是一则广告用语，助动词are 常常省略。类似的情况还有文章标题、新闻等。故选B。 3.Enough here of this issue. A.has been said B.have been said C.has said D.was said 『析』这句话的意思是“关于这个问题已经说得够多了。”,暗含“大家不要再说了”的意思。 这类出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方的时候用被动语态。而被动语态表示单数意义， 故选A。 4.China in 1949. A.liberated B.is liberated C.was liberated D.liberated 「析』没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。故选 C。 A组：选择最佳答案填空 1.Children in China. A.is taken good care B.have taken good care C.are taken good care of D.must take care of 2.The bridge by the peasants themselves in 1980. A.was built B.will be built C.has been built D.built 3.When the People's Republic of China A.was;found B.was;founded C.did;found D.does;found 4.Your exercise books after class. A.will hand in B.must hand in C.handed in D.must be handed in 5.The light in the room before you leave. A.must turn off B.will turn off C.are turned off D.must be turned off 6.English is a useful language. It widely in the world. A.is spoken B.was spoken C.can speak D.will speak 7.This key for locking the door. A.is used B.used C.uses D.are used B 组：将主动语态改为被动语态 1. The students clean the room every day. 2.She gave me a present. 3.The pupils asked the teacher to tell a story. 4.They will open a new school in the village soon. 5.Have you posted the letters yet? 6.You can't see the stars in the daytime. 答案：A 组：1～5 CABDD 6~7 AA B 组：1.The room is cleaned by the students every day. 2.I was given a present by her. 3.The teacher was asked to tell a story by the pupils. 4.A new school will be opened in the village soon. 5.Have the letters been posted yet? 6.The stars can't be seen in the daytime. 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $