2026年译林版中考英语语法精讲精练 chapter 7 介词

该初中英语讲义聚焦“介词”这一中考高频考点，针对介词的固定搭配（动词+介词、形容词+介词等）和重点介词（at/in/on/to等）用法，设计了“难点精讲-真题解析-分层练习”三个教学环节，通过分类梳理帮助学生建立介词知识体系，运用典型例题突破易混用法难点。 亮点在于“对比辨析”和“情境记忆”的教学策略，如通过“on+具体某天/有修饰的早中晚”“in+时间段”“at+时刻”的对比表格，结合“一讲一练”中“born on a Friday evening”的真题实例，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特设20道基础练习题，配合即时答案解析，确保学生快速掌握介词搭配规律，教师可利用此资料精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生的语法应用和应考能力。

初中英语语法精讲精练 chapter 7 介词 一、介词的常见搭配 难点精讲 介词的搭配能力特别强，它常与动词、形容词、名词等一起构成固定的搭配表示不同的意思。介词的固定搭配有以下几种： 1. “动词+介词”的搭配 agree with/to 同意 arrive at/in 到达 ask for 向……要 begin with 从……开始 break into 闯入 call on 拜访 catch up with 赶上 change into 变成 come across 遇见 come from 来自 deal with 对待(人、事物), 处理 depend on 依靠 die of/from 死于 dream of 梦 见 fall behind 落后于 feed on 以……为食 fight against 与……战斗 get through 通过，拨通(电话) get to 到达 give off 发出(光，蒸气等) give out 散发；用完 go on 进 行 go over 检查；复习 hear from 收到 … … (的信) hear of 听说 join in 参加(比赛、活动等) knock at 敲(门、窗等) laugh at 嘲笑 lead to 通往，导致 listen to 听 look after 照顾 look at 看 look for 寻找 look into 调查 look like 看起来像 look over 检查 move in 迁入 move to 搬到pay for 付款 put on 穿上(衣服等) prefer...to. … 更喜欢 point to 指 向send for 派人去请 shout at/to 对……喊叫 stand for 代表，代替 succeed in 成功 talk with与 … … 交谈 talk about 谈论 talk of 谈起 think about 考虑 think of 想起 wait for 等待 2.“动词+名词+介词”的搭配 make fun of 嘲笑，取笑 make sure of 查明，弄确实 make use of 利用 say hello to 向……问候 set fire to 点燃 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 3.“(be)+ 形容词/过去分词+介词”的搭配 be afraid of 害怕 be angry about 因……生气(后面接表示“事情”的名词), 愤愤不平 be angry with 生某人的气(后面接表示“人”的名词) be bad at 不擅长 be bad for 有害于…… be busy with 忙于 … … 二、重点介词的用法 难点精讲 1.at的用法 (1)用于时刻前。如：at noon 中 午 at night 夜 晚 at sunrise 日出时 (2)用于钟点前。如：at one o'clock 一 点 at a quarter past two 两点一刻 (3)用于固定搭配中。如：at Christmas 圣诞节 at new year 元旦等 2.in 的用法 (1)用于某个较长的时间。如：事迹，年，季节，月份等。 in the twenty-first century 在 2 1 世 纪 at one's thirties 在某人30多岁时 in 2005 在2005年 in autumn 在秋天 in March 在三月 (2)用于泛指一天的上午，下午，晚上等。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening (3)用于表示”“从现在起，多长时间后或多久以后”的短语。如： They will finish the work in an hour. 一 小时后他们将完成这项工作。 3.on 的用法 (1)用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分), 如：on Sundays/weekdays, on Saturday morning/ afternoon/evening ( 2 ) 用 于morning, afternoon, evening, night, day前，指具体的某天，或当上述名词前有描 绘性修饰语时，如：on September 1, on a cold morning, on the night of October 1, on the first day, on his birthday, on Sunday morning (3)用于公共节假日前，如：on Teachers' Day, on Christmas Day, on National Day 「 注 意 ]at, on 都可用来表示节假日，但at 侧重指“休假的时节”, 而不是指具体的哪一天；on 侧重指具体的时日，与它连用的短语中多含“Day”。 试 比 较：at New Year 在新年期间 on New Year's Day 在元旦那天 4.to 的用法 (1)表示“到”、“向”、“往”, 如：We walk to town. 我们走进城。 (2)表示接受者，意为“给”, 如：I gave the book to Mary. 我把书给了玛丽。 (3)表示几点差几分，如：It's ten minutes to six.五点五十分。 (4)表示“直到”, 如： She read the book from the beginning to the end. 这本书她从头至尾看了一遍。 (5)表示引起某种情绪的原因，如： To his surprise, he found nobody there.令他感到奇怪的是，他发现那里一个人也没有。 (6)表示相对的位置，如：Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。 5.by 的用法 (1)表示“乘”、“用”某种交通工具，如：He often goes work by bus. 他经常乘公共汽车上班。 (2)表示动作的执行者，意为“被”、“由”, 如： The window was repaired by him. 这窗子是由他修理的。 (3)表示时间，“到……为止”, 通常用于过去完成时，如： By the end of last term, we had learnt three thousand English words. 到上学期末为止我们已经学习了3000个英语单词。 6.with 的用法 (1)表示并列关系，意为“和”、“和……一起”, 如： Can you come to play football with us.你能和我们一起去踢足球吗? (2)表示“带有”、“具有”, 如： China is a large country with a long history.中国是一个有悠久历史的大国。 I like tea with nothing in it.我要什么也不加的茶。 (3)表示使用的工具、手段，意为“用”, 如：He is writing with a pen. 他正在用钢笔写字。 (4)表示行为的对象，意为“对着”、“就……来说”, 如： Our English teacher is always strict with us. 我们的英语老师一贯严格要求我们。 (5)表示原因，意为“由于”、“因为”, 如：They were trembling with fear.他们害怕得直发抖。 (6)表示随身携带，如： It looks like rain.You'd better take a raincoat with you.看起来要下雨，你最好带上雨衣。 7.without 的用法 (1)without 用以表示“没有”、“没有带(吃、穿、戴等)”。如： There is no rose without a thorn. 没有不带刺的玫瑰 (世界上没有完美的事)。 She likes tea without sugar. 她喜欢喝茶不加糖。 (2)without 用以表示“不(做) … … 没有(做) …… ”。如： She spoke without thinking. 她不假思索地说。 (3)without 用以表示“(条件)若无……、假如没有 …… ”。如： Without water we cannot live. 没有水，我们就活不了。 一讲一练 1.—When will Mr.Black come to Beijing? September 5. A.On B.To C.At D.In 「 析J on 可与表示某一天的时间短语连用，如某月某日，故选 A。 2.The twins were born a Friday evening. A.in B.at C.on D.of 『 析 』on 可与表示某一天的上午，下午和晚上连用，故选 C。 3.This table is made wood and the paper is made wood too.They are both made my town. A.of;from;in B.in;from;of C.from;of;in D.from;in;of 「 析 ]be made of和 be made from 都表示“由……构成”, 前者表示能看出原材料，而后者表示 看不出原材料，桌子是由木头制成的，用be made of, 纸是由木头制成的，用be made from, 最后 一 空be made in 表示“在……制造”, 故选A。 4.Our next match was a team from No.2 Middle school. A.to B.against C.with D.at 『 析 ]be against 意为“play against”, 表示“与……打比赛”, 故选B。 5.My brother is coming to see me.He will come here. A.in a few days B.after several days C.four days before D.two days 『析Jin a few days 和 after several days都表示几天后，前者用于将来时，后者用于过去时，故 选 A。 6.—What did Mary have breakfast this morning? —She was late for school and hurried off breakfast. A.for;without B.at;without C.for;after D.at;after 「析」前一空的结构为have sth.for breakfast, 后一 空without 意思是“没有吃早饭”, 故选A。 7.We are doing much better English our teachers'help. A.in;at B.at;in C.in;with D.with;with 「析』本题的短语结构为 do well in 和 with one's help, 故 选 C。 8.Are you ready?We'll go out for a picnic three o'clock. A.in B.after C.for D.since 「 析 ]in 与段时间连用，它通常是表示将来时的，如：in five days, after与点时间连用，它通常 也是表示将来时的，如：after three o'clock, 故 选B。 9.—How long has this bookshop been in business? 1982. - A.After B.In C.From D.Since 『析」根据 How long的语境含义及现在完成时的时态特点，该空应该填Since, 表示“自从”, 故 选 D。 10.The train leaves at 6:00pm.So I have to be at the station 5:40pm at the latest. A.until B.after C.by D.around 「析』分析语境和句意的逻辑关系可知，该空应填 by, 表示“到……为止”, 故选 C。 A 组：选择最佳答案填空 1.Can you tell me the story Japanese? A.with B.in C.by D.at 2. the morning of June 2 our school held a sports meeting. A.In B.Of C.On D.At 3.It's the best time to plant trees spring. A.on B.in C.at D./ 4.She goes to school everyday Sunday. A.about B.on C.except D.in 5.Look, Mr.Wu is walking us.Let's go and meet him. A.to B.towards C.at D.on 6.Go this road and take the second turning on the left.The bookshop is on your right. A.through B.past C.across D.pass 7.She has been an English teacher 2000. A.for B.since C.in D.on 8.I have studied English 2003. A.since B.for C.from D.in 9.He has read the news the newspaper. A.at B.in C.on D.over 10.Suddenly, all the dogs ran the house. A.in B.into C.to D.at 11.The boat is passing the bridge. A.under B.below C.through D.past 12. the help of the teachers, he found out his mistakes. A.Under B.With C.At D.On 13.I have good news you. A.to B.for C.with D.at 14.His father left Nanjing Beijing last night. A.to B.for C.from D.towards 15.My uncle lives 108 Beijing street. A.at B.on C.to D.in 16.The girl the red dress is the best student in our class. A.on B.in C.with D.under 17.The dress is so beautiful that I want A.to try it on B.try it on C.to try on it D.try on it 18.It is very kind you to show me the way. A.of B.to C.for D.with 19.Our teacher is very strict us. A.in B.with C.on D.of 20.It is impossible for me to work out this difficult problem your help. A.with B.without C.no D.about 答案：1~5 BCBCB 6～10 CBABB 11～15 ABBBA 16～20 BAABB Better to do well than to say well.说得好不如做得好。 Example is better than precept.身教胜过言教。 Practise what you preach.正人先正己。 Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 He that talks much errs much.言多必失。 A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入，祸从口出。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $