摘要:
该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦数词核心考点,涵盖基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分数及日期、页码等中考高频考查内容,知识点按“构成规则-用法辨析-易错点警示”逻辑架构,通过“难点精讲(表格归纳基数词/序数词构成)、方法指导(连字符/and用法口诀)、真题训练(一讲一练+AB组分层练习)”环节,帮助学生系统突破数词难点。
亮点在于“讲练结合+易错诊断”策略,如分数表达用“分子基数分母序,分子大于1分母加s”口诀,培养思维品质;复合形容词“eight-year-old”中名词单数规则的对比讲解,提升语言能力。设选择填空(A组)与词型转换(B组)分层练习,配合错题即时解析(如hundred前有数字用单数),确保高效复习,教师可据此精准把控节奏,助力学生提升数词应考能力。
内容正文:
初中英语语法精讲精练 chapter 5 数词
一、数词的种类和用法
难点精讲
1.基数词
基数词的构成见下表:
1
one
16
sixteen
31
thirty-one
2
two
17
seventeen
40
forty
3
three
18
eighteen
50
fifty
4
four
19
nineteen
60
sixty
5
five
20
twenty
70
seventy
6
six
21
twenty-one
80
eighty
7
seven
22
twenty-two
90
ninety
8
eight
23
twenty-three
100
one hundred
9
nine
24
twenty-four
101
one hundred and one
10
ten
25
twenty-five
102
one hundred and two
11
eleven
26
twenty-six
123
one hundred and twenty-three
12
twelve
27
twenty-seven
1000
one thousand
13
thirteen
28
twenty-eight
1001
one thousand and one
14
fourteen
29
twenty-nine
2235
two thousand,two
hundred and thirty-five
15
fifteen
30
thirty
「 注 意 』
1.21~99之间的各数词,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-”。
2.101~999之间的数词,在百位数hundred 后应加 and,但有时在百位数与十位数之 间 的and 可省略,特别在美国,如:one(a)hundred(and)sixty-six。
3.hundred,thousand,million (百万)前面有数词修饰时,用单数形式。如:
There are nine hundred students in our school. 我们学校有900个学生。 表示概数用hundreds of,thousands of
4. 数词与其他词构成复合形容词,其中,名词要用单数形式,如:
an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩
2.序数词
第 1 ~ 第 1 2
第13~第19
第20~第90
1st first
2nd second 3rd third
4th fourth 5th fifth
6th sixth
7th seventh 8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh 12th twelfth
13th thirteenth 14th fourteenth 15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth 18th eighteenth
19th nineteenth
20th twentieth 30th thirtieth 40th fortieth
50th fiftieth
60th sixtieth
70th seventieth 80th eightieth
90th ninetieth
第 1 0 0 以 上
100th hundredth
1000th thousandth
1,000,000th millionth
「注意』
1. 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,如:1/5 (one-fifth),2/3(two-thirds)
2. 编号可用序数词或基数词表示。序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词。基数词位于名词之 后。如:
the Fourth Lesson =Lesson Four 第 4 课 the seventh paragraph=Paragraph seven第 7 段
the fifteenth page =Page Fifteen 第15页 the ninth part =Part Nine 第9部分
3. 数、分数、小数、百分数
( 1 ) 倍 数
This cup is two times as big as that one. 这个茶杯有那个茶杯两个大。
Three times three is nine. 三三得九。
(2)分数
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子为2以上时,分母(序数词)应变为复数。
此外还有下面的表示法:
( 3 ) 小 数
(
一一
)小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后面则须将数字
· 读出。
1 . 2 5 读 作 one point two five
0 . 5 6 读 作 nought point five six 或 zero point five six
125 . 09读作 one hundred and five point o nine
(4)百分数
百 分 数 由 per cent 表示,常常和 by 连 用 。 ( 百 分 号 % 读 作 percent)
5 % 读 作five percent
4. 常见数词的表示法及读法
(1)算式的读法
A+B=C→A plus B is C.(A and B is C.)
A-B=C→A minus B is C.(B from A is C.)
A×B=C→A times B is C.
A÷B=C→A divided by B is C.
A>B→A is more than B.
A<B→A is less than B.
(2)章节、页数的读法
第 一 章 :the first chapter;Chapter One
第二节:the second section;Section Two 第 三 课 :the third lesson;Lesson Three 第 4 6 3 页 :page four six three
第 2 5 6 4 页 :page two five six four(twenty-five sixty-four)
注:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。
(3)房间、门牌、电话号码的读法 第305 房 间 :Room three o( 零 )five
长 安 街 7 6 号 :seventy-six Chang'an Street
电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o( 零 )four two two(double two)four four
1 1 路 公 共 汽 车 :Bus(No.)eleven
(4)年代、日期、时刻的读法
A: 年份是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,如
公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
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B:日期使用一般的序数词来读取,如 5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
C: 时刻通常用基数词来读,如
8点45分:8:45(=eight forty-five)
D: 年代表示法:如
二十世纪九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
(5)hundred,thousand,million 用法
hundred,thousand,million 前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有of, 那
它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体的数目。如
two thousand 两千 thousands of 成千上万
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 数以百万计
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.
成千上万的人参观了这座城市。
一讲一练
1.In our class of the students are girls.
A.three fifths B.three fifth C.third five D.third fifths
『析』此题考查分数的用法,分数的结构应为分子为基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于1,分 母就加s, 如 three fifths, 故 选A。
2.The computer was cheap.I spent only two yuan on it.
A.thousands B.thousand C.thousands of D.thousand of
『析』此题考查千,百等数词,它的用法主要有数百或数千,用hundreds of,thousands of,而 几 百或几千,则用基数词加上 hundred 或 thousand,故 选 B。
3.There are people in my family.We live on the floor in a tall building.
A.five;six B.fifth;sixth C.fifth;six D.five;sixth
『析』此题考查基数词和序数词的用法,前者用基数词后者用序数词,故选 D。
4.Two days isn't enough for me to finish the work.I need day.
A.other B.the third C.a third .D.the other
「析」此题说两天不够,还需要一天,这里 a third day 只表示再一天,而不表示第三天,故选C。
5. ,my grandfather worked as a teacher.
A.On the 1950s B.In the 1950s C.At the 1950s D.In 1950s
『析Jin the 1950s是固定短语,表示20世纪50年代,故选 B。
6.He lives in
A.room 203 B.Room 203rd C.Room 203 D.203rd room
『析』本题选择 C, 表示序数的结构为:名词首字母大写+基数词。
7. of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, of them are women workers.
A.The number;first third B.The number;one third
C.A number;half D.A number;three quarters
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「 析 ]the number of和 a number of的用法不同,前者表示的数量,后者表示许多,由此题应用 the number of,后一个空是分数的用法,故选 B。
8.In our class of the students girls.
A.three fifths;are B.three fifth;are C.three fifths;is D.three fifth;is
『析』此题考察分数的用法,前一空为分数的构成,后一空为分数结构作主语的数的用法, students是可数名词的复数,所以谓语用复数形式,故选A。
9.—Excuse me,how does this number 20,135 read?
—It reads ·
A.twenty thousands one hundred and thirty-five
B.twenty thousand one hundred thirty five
C.twenty thousand one hundred and thirty-five
「析』此题考察数词的读法,读数时按千来划分,读成二十千,三位数的读法在百和十位中加 and, 十位和个位中加连字符,故选C。
10.He wrote a report.
A.two-thousand-words B.two-thousand-word
C.two-thousands-word D.two-thousands-words
「析』本题选 B 。与基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数,并用连字符连接。
11.A:I drove about half mile.( )
B:I drove about half a mile.(√)
「 析 半 小 时 为half an hour, 半天为 half a day, 半镑为 half a pound,尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要 用six months,two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done. Half of the books are sold. 当 Half作名词时,其谓语动词要看 of后面的名词而定。如名词是 不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。另外“一个半”的表 达法,如:One and a half apples is left on the table. 其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。
12.A:60 students are playing on the ground.( )
B:Sixty students are playing on the ground.(√)
『析』在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字,如数字过大则应放于句中,用阿拉伯数 字。如:There are 166 students playing on the ground. 有166个学生在操场上玩。
13.A:Tom was born on July eighteen.( )
B:Tom was born on July eighteenth.(√)
『析』月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。美语 July 18 读 作 July eighteenth 英语 July 18th 读 作 July the eighteenth。
14.A:I'll go to school at 7 a.m.in the morning.( )
B.I'll go to school at seven a.m.in the morning.( )
C.I'll go to school at 7a.m./at 7 in the morning.(√)
「析』a.m. 即表达在早上之意,不要再用in the morning; 另外,与符号或与缩写的字母连用 时一定要用数字,如:43%,67,No.2 … …
15.A:The film will begin at three quarters past one.( )
B:The film will begin at one quarter to two.(√)
『析』大于30分钟时不要使用past, 而要用差多少不到几点的to 来表达。故 B 正确。
16.A:One time two is two.( )
B:One times two is two.(√)
「析』times 此处表示“乘”的意思,一定要加s 。 故 B 正确。
A 组:选择最佳答案填空
1.There are in a year,aren't there?
A.three hundreds and sixty-five days B.three hundred and sixty five days
C.three hundred and sixty-five days D.three hundreds sixty-five days
2. is the easiest of all.
A.Lesson One B.The Lesson One C.Lesson First D.First Lesson
3.What time is it?It’s
A.twenty to two B.forty past one
C.one past forty D.two past twenty
4.May is month of the year.
A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.the fiveth
5. is the most difficult one of all the lessons.
A.The Lesson Nine B.The Nineth Lesson
C.Lesson The Nineth D.The Ninth Lesson
6.There are two students on the play ground.
A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds D.hundreds of
7.Macao ( 澳 门 )will be taken back by China at the end of the_ century.
A.twenty B.twenties C.twentieth D.twenty-first
8. of the students are girls in our class.
A.Two three B.Two threes C.Two thirds D.Second three
9.Our school has eight students.
A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundreds of D.hundred of
10. trees have been planted in our school in the past ten years.
A.Thousands of B.Two thousands
C.Thousand of D.Two thousand of
B 组:词型转换
1.We live on floor.(nine)
2.Please take turning on the left.(two)
3. month is April.(four)
4.We will learn unit.(three)
5. runner is a winner.(eight)
6.The meeting will be finished on December the (twenty-three).
7.October is the (ten)month of the year.
8.Look at the photo!The (five)man from the left is our class teacher,Mr.Wang.
9.Does Mary sit in the (one)row?
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10.The (twelve)month of the year is December.
11.—Is Thursday the (seven)day of the week?
—No,it isn't.
12.At the beginning of the (twenty)century,the world's population was about 1,700 million.
答案:A 组:1~5 CAACD 6~10 ACCBA
B 组:1.the ninth 2.the second 3.The fourth 4.the third 5.The eighth
6.twenty-third 7.tenth 8.fifth 9.first 10.twelfth 11.seventh
12.twentieth
cut the Gordian knot用断然的办法来解决困难,快刀斩乱麻
戈耳迪(Gordius)是小亚细亚佛律基亚(Phrygia)的国王,传说他原先是个
贫苦的农民。一天,他在耕地的时候,有只神鹰从天而且降,落在他马车的轭上, 久不飞走。戈耳迪就赶着马车进城去请求神示。其时,佛律基亚的老王突然去 世,一国无主,上下动乱不安,于是人们请求神示由谁来做国王。神示说:“在通 向宙斯神庙的大陆上,你们遇到的第一个乘马车者就是新王。”恰好这时戈耳迪 正乘着牛车前往宙斯的神庙,人们看见巍然屹立在车轭上的神鹰,认为这是掌握 政权的象征,就一致拥戴戈耳迪为国王。戈耳迪当了国王后,就把那辆象征命运 的马车献给宙斯,放置在神庙中。他用绳索打了个非常复杂的死结,把车轭牢牢 得系在车辕上,谁也无法解开。按神谕,能入主亚洲者才能解,公元前3世纪时, 古希腊罗马的马其顿国王亚历山大大帝在成为希腊各城邦的霸主后,大举远征 东方。公元前334年,他率军进入小亚细亚,经过佛律基亚时,看到这辆马车。 有人把往年的神谕告诉他,他也无法解开这个结。为了鼓舞士气,亚历山大拔出 利剑一挥,斩断了这个复杂的乱结,并说:“我就是这样解开的”。
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