2026年中考英语语法精讲精练 chapter 4 形容词和副词

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦形容词和副词专题，覆盖用法、易混词辨析、比较级三大中考核心考点，以“难点精讲-一讲一练-分层训练”为架构，通过考点梳理、真题解析和错题诊断帮助学生突破语法难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“对比辨析+规则归纳+分层突破”策略，如通过all与whole、alone与lonely等易混词对比培养思维品质，比较级规则与不规则变化系统归纳提升语言能力。设A组选择、B组词型转换等分层练习，配合即时反馈机制，确保高效复习，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

初中英语语法精讲精练 chapter 4 形容词和副词 一 、形容词和副词的用法 难 点 精 讲 1.形容词作表语要放在系动词后面。常见的系动词有：look 看起来，sound 听起来， 闻 起来，taste 尝起来，get 变得，become 变成，grow 长成，turn 转变成，go 变 ，come 成为。 2.副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时也修饰整个句子，但也可用作表语、定语 等。 通常情况下，形容词加-ly 可变为副词，如： strong—strongly,bad—badly,heavy—heavily 但并不是所有的词尾是-ly 的词都是副词，例 如 ：friendly是形容词。 有的形容词与副词形式相同，如：early,late,fast,hard等。它们既可作形容词又可作副 词 。 3.修饰合成不定代词something,anything,nothing等的形容词要后置。用作副词，修饰形容 词或其他副词的enough 也要后置。 enough 修饰名词，则不用后置。如：something interest- ing 而不说 interesting something,fast enough 而不说 enough fast。 一 讲 一 练 1.We found the children in dinosaurs. A.interesting B.interest C.interested D.are interested 『析』此处结构为 be interested in,故 把A、B排 除 。D 应改为were interested 才对，因为把这句 话理解成宾语从句的话，主句为过去式从句时态应该与主句一致。而 C 的用法为形容词作 宾语补足语，如：I found her clever. 故 C 正确。 2.—What was the weather like yesterday? —It was terrible.It rained so that people could go out. A.hardly;hard B.hardly;hardly C.hard;hardly D.hard;hard 「析』雨下得大，用hard, 副词修饰动词，hardly 是副词，表示几乎不，不可以理解为 hard 的 副 词形式，依题意选C。 3.A:The young likes playing football very much.( ) B:The young like playing football very much.(√) 「析』定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要 看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。 4.A:The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.( ) B:The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.(√) 『析』在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时，其顺序如下： ①指示代词，定冠词 ②数量词 ③性质词 ④ 大 小 ⑤ 形 状 ⑥ 老 少 ， 新 旧 ⑦ 颜 色 ⑧ 材料。但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。 5. A:Please tell me where the shoes shop is?( ) B:Please tell me where the shoe shop is.(√) 「析』在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店；a fruit shop 水果店；a book shop 书店；a post office 邮局；a police station 警察局；a bus stop 汽车站。 A 组：选择最佳答案填空 1.He works very .He has a rest on Sundays. A.hard;hardly B.hardly;hard .hard;hard D.hardly;hardly 2.He learns Russian A.good B.nice C.well D.fine 3.The boy didn't run to catch the bus. A.fast enough B.enough fast C.quick enough D.enough quickly 4.He has been to Shanghai,has he? A.already B.never C.ever D.still 5.Eating is bad for our health. A.much too B.too much C.too more D.too many 6.Have you ever seen big panda before? A.a such B.such a C.so a D.as 7.He looks very today. A.worried B.worry C.worrying D.to worry 8.Listen to me.I have to tell you. A.important something B.important anything C.something important D.anything important B 组：词型转换 1.English is very .(use) 2.It is today,isn't it?(cloud) 3.The wind is blowing .(strong) 4.Tom runs very .(quick) 5.Please speak .I can't understand you.(slow) 6.The child played in the park .(happy) 7.Mr.Li said ,“Don't look at me.”(angry) 8.I don't know.(real) 9.Please write the words .(careful) 10.It rained yesterday.(heavy) 答案：A 组：1～5 ACABB 6～8 BAC B 组：1.useful 2.cloudy 3.strongly 4.quickly 5.slowly 6.happily 7.angrily 8.really 9.carefully 10.heavily 二、易混形容词和副词辨析 难点精讲 1.all 与 whole 都可译为“整个的”“全部的”其区别： (1)修饰单数可数名词或抽象名词时，它们可以互换，但词序不同：all 放 在 the,this,that, my,your 等词之前，whole 则放在之后。试比较： She has worked all the afternoon. =She has worked the whole afternoon.她工作了整个下午。 (2)修饰复数可数名词时，all 的意义是“所有的” ,whole 的意义是“整整的”,不可互换。 试比较： All students will go there for a meeting. 所有的学生都将去那儿开会。 It rained for two whole days.雨下了两天整。 (3)修饰地名时，whole 不能直接跟地名。试比较： 1)All Japan was surprised at the news. =The whole of Japan was surprised at the news.全日本听到那个消息都震惊了。 (4)all 可以修饰物质名词，而whole 不能。如： He ate all the food.他吃了所有的食物。 2.alone 与 lonely alone 与 lonely 意义相近，alone 表示“独自一人”的状态，而 lorely 表示“孤单；寂寞”的情 绪 。 (1)alone 作形容词用时，只作表语。如： But the children are not alone. 但是孩子们不是独自待着的。 He will be alone from now on. 他从此将 一个人了。 (2)alone 也可用作副词，修饰动词。如： She was sitting in the bed alone when we went to see her. 我们去看她的时候，她正一个人坐在床上。 (3)lonely 一般只用作形容词。如： So we never feel lonely. 所以我们从来不感到孤独。 Robert is a very lonely traveller. 罗勃特是一个极其孤单的旅行者。 3.every 与 each 的区别 (1)every 和 each 作形容词时，都是“每一个”的意思，但实际含义并不完全相同。 each 着 重个别情况，而 every 则着重整体情况。当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。如： The teacher gave a present to each student. 老师给了每个学生一份礼物。 当我们说 every child 或 every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与all 接近，表示他们都如此。如： Every student loves his teacher.(=All students love their teacher.) 每个学生都爱他的老师。 (2)each 可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但every 则只能用于指三个或三个以上的 数量，不能指两个。如： Two boys entered. Each(不能用Every)boy was carrying a large box. 进来了两个男孩，每人都扛个大箱子。 4.either,both 与 neither 都含有“两者”的意思，either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,是单数意思，它后面跟单数名词； 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 both表示“两者都”,是复数意思，它后面跟复数名词；作 主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 neither表示“两者中的任何一者都不”,是否定含义，它后 面跟单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。试比较： Either book is interesting. 这两本书(中的任何一本)都很有趣。 Both books are interesting. 这两本书都很有趣。 Either book is interesting. 这两本书(中的任何一本)都没趣。 5.big,large 与 great 的区别 (1)在谈论物体大小的时候，big 和 large 都可以用来表示“大的”。 big 在口语中使用得较 多。如： This box is big. 这个盒子大。 There is a big hospital near our school. 我们学校附近有个大医院。 I want a large box,this is too small. 我想要个很大的盒子，这个太小了。 This is too large for me. 这对我来说太大了。 (2)great 主要修饰抽象的东西，表示在范围上或程度上比一般的大。在修饰具体事物时 常常带有感情色彩。如： We like China very much.It's great! 我们都很喜欢中国，它太伟大了。 6.high 与 tall 都可表示“高”,其区别：high 通常用于物之高，而tall 常用于指人的个子及细长之物。 (building和 pole用 high或 tall都可以)。 7.black 与 dark 都可作形容词，也可作名词，其区别：black 的意思是“黑色”(的):指颜色，其反义词是 white; 而 dark 的意思是“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指无光。试比较：All the windows have been painted black. 所有的窗户已经漆成黑色。 It is too dark to read here. 这里光线太暗，不能看书。 8.real 与 true 都可翻译为“真的”,其区别：real 的意思是“真的，实在的”,用来表示“客观存在而不是想 象或虚构的”或“真的而非假造的”。 true 的意思是“真正的，真实的，确实的，名副其实 的”。试比较： It's true that he is married. 他确实是结婚了。 Is that a real flower? 那是真花吗? It is real silk. 这是真丝绸。 Is what you said true? 你所说的是事实吗? 9.too,also 与 either 的区别 这三个词作副词用时，都含有“也”的意思，但用法不同。 (1)too 和 also不能用于否定句，只能用于肯定句中。如： I’m in Row 1,too. 我也在第 一 行。 Chinese take-away food is also popular.中国的外卖食品也很流行。 Her sister has also gone to town. 她姐姐也去镇上了。 I enjoy swimming and I like football,too. 我也喜欢游泳和足球。 (2)either只能用于否定句中， 一般放在句尾。如： We don't like the same colours,either.我们也不喜欢同样的颜色。 10.already,yet,ever 与 never already 意为“已经”,通常用于陈述句；用于疑问句时表示惊异、怀疑；不用于否定句。 yet 意为“尚”、“仍然”,常用于否定句和疑问句。 ever 意为“曾经”。 never 意为“从不”,never 含否定意义，因此在反意疑问句中，如果陈述句部分用了never, 反意疑问句部分应该用肯定形式。如： He has never been to London,has he? 他从没去过伦敦，是吗? 11.hard 与 hardly hard 作形容词，意为“艰苦的”,作为副词，意为“努力地”、“猛烈地”,如：hard work(艰 苦 的工作),work hard(努 力 工 作) ; hardly 不 是 hard 的副词形式，而是另外一个词，意为“几 乎不”。用在反意问句中，疑问部分要用肯定句。如： He works hard.他努力工作。 It was raining hard. 雨在猛烈地下着。 He hardly listened to me. 他几乎没听我说。 Hardly had he arrived when she started crying. 他一到，她就开始哭。 You hardly know her,do you? 你几乎不认识她，对吗? 12.ago 与 before 都可译为“以前”,其区别：ago 只与过去时连用，ago 前通常要有表示时间的词；before 常 与现在完成时或过去(完成)时连用。并且，可以当介词，后面接介词宾语。试比较： She saw the film three days ago. 她三天前看了这个电影。 She said she had seen the film three days before. 她说她三天前看过这个电影。 I have never seen this man before. 我从没有见过这个男人。 I told him before. 我以前就告诉他了。 He left before eleven. 他1 1点以前离开了。 13.late 与 lately late 表示“迟、晚”。lately 是“最近、近来”的意思。试比较： He always arrives home late. 他经常很晚才回家。 Father likes to stay late. 父亲喜欢晚睡。 Have you been to the cinema lately? 你近来看过电影吗? I haven't been there lately. 我最近没到那里去。 14.instead 与 instead of 都可译为“代替”,其区别：instead 只能单独使用，常位于句首或句尾。 instead of 后 面 要 跟名词、动名词、代词、或介词短语。试比较： She is very tired,let me go instead. 她很累，让我去吧。 He never studies hard.Instead,he plays with water all day. 他从不努力学习，而是整天玩水。 Shall we have fish instead of eggs today? 我们今天不吃鸡蛋改吃鱼好吗? 15.fine,nice,good 与 well (1)fine,nice 和 good 都是形容词，都可以放在名词前修饰该名词。如： fine weather,a nice boy,good news (2)well 放在动词之后，表达“健康；妥善”等意思。不能放在名词之前修饰一般物品等。 (3)在问候时多用形容词fine 或 well。 16.sometimes,sometime与 some time (1)sometimes 的意思是“有时，往往，不时地”。如： Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. 有时我们忙，有时我们不忙。 I sometimes have letters from him. 我不时地收到他的信。 (2)sometime 的意思是“某个时候”,可指将来，也可指过去。例如： We'll take our holiday sometime in May. 我们将在五月份的某个时候休假。 (3)some time的意思是“一段时间”,可以是几分钟、几小时、几天、甚至几年。 The fire went on for some time before it was brought under control. 火灾持续了一段时间以后才得到了控制。 17.so 与 such so 是副词，意为“如此”,修饰形容词，如：so fast such 是形容词，意为“如此”,修饰名词。如：such a good boy 一讲一练 1.The kind of skirt looks and sells . A.nice;well B.nice;good C.well;well D.good;nice 「析』“看起来好看”是系表结构，用形容词 nice, 卖得好中的好用副词well, 故 选 A。 2.He did everything to make everyone A.happily B.dearly C.terribly D.friendly 「析』此题结构为make +sb.+ 形容词，只有 D 是形容词，故选 D。 3.My grandpa lives ,but he never feels with the little dog. A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.alone;alone D.lonely;lonely 『析]alone 有副词词性，live alone 结构中alone 是副词，修饰动词，后一空感到孤独，lonely 是 有感情色彩的形容词，故选 B。 4.A:It is the gold age of the young.( ) B:It is the golden age of the young.(√) 『析』golden 在英语中多用于比喻，如：golden hair 金发，golden voice 金嗓子。 而gold 多用于 表达金质的，如：a gold bar(金条),a gold coin(金币),但gold fish (金 鱼 )例外。 5.A:The ill man nearly died.( ) B:The sick man nearly died.(√) 「析』ill 一般不作定语来形容某人有病，而要用sick, 但作表语时则都可以。如：He is ill/ sick 作定语时则另有他意，如：ill luck(厄运),ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好)。 6.A:He was friendly to me.(√) B:He worked with me friendly.( ) 「析』不是所有结尾是ly 的词都是副词，如 friendly 就是形容词，这样的词还有 lovely,lone- ly,costly,lively,monthly,weekly。但有些以ly结尾的词既是副词，又是形容词，如：early, hourly,monthly.. C 组：用all 或whole 的适当形式填空 1.I'm sure the world will be angry. 2. London was sad at the terrible news. 3. the country will be at war. 4.His family can swim very well. 5. the class loved her. 6.He will see the of Beijing. 7.It took me a day to read the book. 8.It snowed for three days. 9.He ate the pie. 10.The class will have a meeting. 11.He spent his money. 12.They ate the soup. 13.She threw away the bread. 答案：1.whole 2.All 3.All 4.whole 5.All 6.whole 7.whole 8.whole 9.whole 10.whole 11.all 12.all 13.all D组：用 alone 或 lonely 填空 1.He came because his brother was ill. 2.With all his friends away from him,he feels very 3.I don't like going out after dark. I 组：用 real 或 true 的适当形式填空 1. friendship lasts for ever. 2.Is it that he has stolen your money? 3.He is a friend of mine. 4.He is to his friends. 5.You can not find such a man in life. 6.I want to buy that diamond. 答案：1.True 2.true 3.true 4.true 5.real 6.real J 组：用 too,also 或 either 的适当形式填空 1.Mary won't go and Peter won't go 2.I didn't sing that song 3.He sings and paints sometimes. 4.I, ,know where he is to be found. 5.He hates Japanese, · 6.He can play the guitar and sings, 7.I have been to Paris, 8.We, ,are going away. 9.My dog is thirsty.Is your dog thirty? 10. ,some students came to see Mr.Smith that afternoon. 答案：1.either 2.either 3.also 4.too 5.too 6.too 7.too 8.too 9.also 10.Also K 组：用 ago 或 before 填空 1.He got to the place one month _ · 2.I took the chair at a meeting some time _ · 3. 1998,he had finished writing the book. 4.“How long was it?”“Oh,a short time ,not very many hours.” 5.“How long was this?”“It has been nearly 6 years now.” 6.He ought to have been here long 7.That was over 20 years ,but Tom remembered it clearly. 8.The girl has never had such good luck 9.It will be 5months we meet again. 答案：1.ago 2.ago 3.Before 4.ago;ago 5.ago 6.before 7.ago 8.before 9.before L 组：用instead 或 instead of 填空 1.If you have no time,I'll go you. 2.He never studies. he plays all day and all night. 答案：1.instead of 2.Instead M 组：用 fine,nice,good 或 well 填空 1.She is a girl. 2.She draws 3.My grandpa is very strong.He feels very 4.What's the weather like today?It's very 5.What a watch it is. 答案：1.nice/good 2.well 3.well 4.fine 5.nice N 组：用sometime,sometimes,some time填空 1.Willyou come again next week? 2. he goes to school by bus. 3.I'll stay here forr 答案：1.sometime 2.Sometimes 3.some time 三、形容词和副词的比较级 难点精讲 1.规则变化 (1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾+er/+est: long—longer—longest;slow—slower—slowest (2)以不发音的e 结 尾 +r/+st; nice—nicer—nicest;late—later—latest (3)词尾是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，应先双写该辅音字母+er/+est; big—bigger—biggest;hot—hotter—hottest; fat—-fatter—fattest;thin—thinner—thinnest; wet—wetter—wettest;sad—sadder—saddest;red—redder—reddest; (4)以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的，把y 变 成i,+er/+est: easy—easier—easiest;happy—happier—happiest; early—earlier—earliest;heavy—heavier—heaviest; (5)多数双音节词和多音节词，在其前加上more 或加上 most: careful—more careful—the most careful; interesting—more interesting—the most interesting; popular—more popular—the most popular; slowly—more slowly—the most slowly 2.不规则变化 原形 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill,badly worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther(further) farthest(furthest) 3.同级比较 表示两者在某方面程度相同要用同级比较。即用“as+ 形容词(副词)原级+as” 结构，如： Mike is as tall as Bill. 迈克和比尔 一样高。 表示两者在某方面程度不同，则用“not as(so)+形容词(副词)原级+as” 结构，如： He doesn't drive so carefully as his father.他开车没有他父亲小心。 4.程度不同的比较 (1)表示“某人或某物在某一方面程度超过别人或别的物”时，要用比较结构。即：形容词 ( 副 词 ) 比 较 级 +than + 比较对象。 形容词和副词的比较级前可用 much,a lot(……得 多 ) ,a little,a bit( 一 点 ) ,three times(三倍),以及具体数词，如：three years 等修饰。 (2)“比较级+and+ 比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”,多音节词要用“more +and+more +原级”,如： The people are getting richer and richer. 人民变得越来越富裕。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美丽。 (3)“the+ 比 较 级 ，the+ 比较级”结构，表示“越是……就越”,如： The more,the better. 越多越好。 The busier he is,the happier he feels. 他越忙就越感到高兴。 5. 最高级的比较 (1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，要使用形容词或副词的最高级。其结构是：the +形容词(副词)最高级+of(in) 短 语 。 of 后接可数名词复数或all 等代词，如： She is the youngest of the girls. 她是女孩中最年轻的。 He is the tallest in our class.他是我们班最高的。 下面情况下可以不用the: ①副词最高级，不用定冠词，如： He studies hardest in our class.他是我们班学习最努力的。 ②形容词的最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不用定冠词。如： Jim is my best friend.吉姆是我最好的朋友。 一讲一练 1.—Which is ,the sun,the moon or the earth? —Of course,the moon is. A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest 『析』在三者中选择应用最高级，形容词的最高级必须加定冠词the, 故 选D。 2.Yesterday I was ill but I feel today. A.badly;more better B.badly;very well C.terrible;even better D.terribly;much better 「析』病得很厉害，可以用terribly ill或 badly ill,今天好些了用比较级，much 可以修饰比较级better, 故选 D。 3.The ice in the lake is as as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest D.the thinnest 『析』本题选A, 此题考查形容词的同级比较，结构为as+ 形容词原级+as。 4. you dive into the water, you breathe: A.Deeper;harder B.The deeper;the harder C.The deep;the hard D.Deep;hard 『析』此题结构为 the 比较级+the 比较级，表示越……越……的意思，故选 B。 5.A:The danger has gone,so the worst are over.( ) B:The danger has gone,so the worst is over.(√) · 「析』意为：“危险已经过去，最困难的状况已结束。”用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看 作单数形式。故选B。 6.A:Who is taller of the two?( ) B:Who is the taller of the two?(√) 「析』两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。故B 正确。 O 组：选择最佳答案填空 1.Jane is of the three. A.young B.younger C.youngest D.the youngest 2.This picture is than that one. A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the more beautiful 3.This box is than that one. A.heavy B.more heavy C.heavyer D.heavier 4.This question is than that one. A.easy B.easier C.easyer D.more easier 5.She speaks English than any other student in her class. A.well B.best C.better D.good 6.There are students in their class than in ours. A.many B.much C.a lot of D.more 7.Shanghai is one of cities in our country. A.larger B.large C.the largest D.largest 8.July and August are the _months in a year. A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.hotest 9.It is in summer than in winter in North China. A.hot B.hotter C.the hotter D.the hottest 10.Of all the students in our class,Betty writes A.very carefully B.the most carefully C.more carefully D.the most careful 11.Which is ,the sun,the moon or the earth? A.big B.bigger C.the biggest D.biggest 12.Of all the stars,the sun is to the earth. A.near B.nearer C.nearest D.the nearest 13.Which subject do you like ,English or maths? A.best B.better C.well D.very much 14.Which is ,the moon or the earth? A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest 15.The Huanghe River isn't as as the Changjiang River. A.long B.longer C.longest D.more long P 组：词型转换 1.Shanghai is city in China.(large) 2.Beihai Park is than Zizhuyuan Park.(beautiful) 3.Our school is than their school.(big) 4.I feel today than yesterday.(well) 5.Who has apples,Lily or Lucy?(many) 6.Which is ,the blue one or the red one?(nice) 7.Who is in our class?(tall) 8.Which book is ,English book,Chinese book or the story-book? (interesting) 9.Li Lei studies hard.He is the (good)student in our class. 10.Which is the (beautiful)skirt of the three? 11.His hands are not so as yours.(dirty) 答案：0组：1～5 DBDBC 6～10 DCCBB 11～15 CDBBA P 组 ：the largest 2.more beautiful 3.bigger 4.better 5.more 6.nicer 7.the tallest 8.the most interesting 9.best 10.most beautiful 11.dirty 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $