2026年上海市中考英语考纲词汇用法手册 part L

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了考纲词汇L部分（874-941词），涵盖名词、动词、形容词等多词性核心词汇，构建了从基础词义、词形变化到语境应用的完整知识框架，为学生提供全面的词汇复习体系。 清单通过“星级重难点标注”“词形拓展表”“语境例句”三维呈现知识，如***标注“look”等高频词并附“look forward to”等8个词组，“lie”“lay”设表格对比不同词义的时态变化，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。融入“All roads lead to Rome”等谚语及反义疑问句用法点拨，搭配“let”的祈使句反义疑问句规则等实用提示，助力学生高效记忆与应用，既便利学生自主梳理，也为教师针对性教学提供清晰指引。

上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part L L 874.lab /læb/(= laboratory /lə'bɔrətri/)n. 实验室 We usually have Science in the science lab.我们通常在科学实验室里上科学课。 875.lady /'lerdi/ ( 复ladies) n. 女士；夫人 Who is that beautiful young lady? 那位漂亮的年轻女士是谁呀? 876.**lake /leɪk/n. 湖 The lake looks beautiful in the moonlight.I often take a walk around it. 在月光下湖看起来很漂亮。我经常沿着湖散步。 877.lamp /læmp/n. 灯 The lamp is powered by two small batteries. 这盏灯由两节小电池供电。 878.*land /lænd/n. 陆地；土地 v. 登陆；降落 We will fly over the sea to our beautiful land . 我们将飞越海洋到我们那片美丽的土地。 It was sent flying into the air and landed 20 feet away. 它被抛入空中，在20英尺以外落地。 879.*language /'længwidʒ/n. 语言 It goes without saying that studying vocabulary is a key part of language learning. 不用说也知道，学习词汇是学习语言的一个主要部分。 880.lantern /'læntən/n. 灯笼 There is an ice lantern show in Harbin every year in winter. 每年冬天，哈尔滨都有一次冰灯展。 881.*large/la:dʒ/adj.大的；巨大的 With an area of 200,000 square metres,the new National Museum has become the largest museum in the world.新的国家博物馆占地面积20万平方米，已成为世界上 最大的博物馆。 反义 little;small 882.*last /la:st/adj.最近刚过去的；最后的 adv. 最近刚过去；最后地 n. 最后 v. 持续；延续 In the last few months we have been very busy. 最近几个月我们一直都很忙。 Last but not least,I want to be able to spend more time with family and friends. 最后同样重要的是，我希望能够花更多的时间与家人和朋友在一起。 You are always the last to finish. 你总是最后完成的那一位。 The snowstorm will last till tomorrow afternoon. 暴风雪将持续到明天下午。 常用词组 at last 最后；终于 反义 first 883.*late /lert/adj. 晚的；迟的 adv. 晚地；迟地 I'm sorry I'm late .I was kept at the office. 对不起，我迟到了。我在办公室有点事儿被耽搁了。 It is unhealthy to stay up late and go to work without having breakfast. 熬夜和不吃早饭上班是不健康的。 词形拓展 later adj. 晚些的；迟些的 adv. 后来，以后 lately adv. 最近 常用词组 be late for…… 迟到 反 义 early 谚语 There is a saying that it is never too late to mend. 有句谚语：亡羊补牢，未为迟也。/改过不嫌晚。 884.*later /'lertə/adj. 晚些的，迟些的 adv. 后来，以后 All data are recorded on magnetic tape for later detailed analysis. 为了以后作仔细分析，全部数据记录在磁带上。 The young man fell in love with a lovely girl and they got married two months later.这个年轻人爱上了一个可爱的女孩，两个月后，他们结婚了。 885.*laugh /la:f/v.&n. 笑，大笑；嘲笑 The funny story told by Feng Gong made the little girl laugh a lot. 冯巩讲的那个有趣的故事使得这个小女孩笑个不停。 Lysenko gave a deep rumbling laugh at his own joke. 李森科对自己讲的笑话报以朗声大笑。 词形拓展 laughter n.笑；笑声 常用词组 laugh at 嘲笑 谚语 There is a saying that he who laughs last laughs best. 有句谚语：谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。 886.*law /lɔ:/n.法律 Courts are constituted by law .法庭是依法设立的。 词形拓展 lawyer n. 律师 887.*lawyer/'lɔ:jə/n.律师 The groom is a lawyer .新郎是一位律师。 888.lay/le/(laid /led/, laid) v. 放，搁；下(蛋) How many eggs does this hen lay each week? 这只母鸡一星期下多少个蛋? 常用词组 lay the table(饭前)摆好餐具 889.lazy /'lerzi/adj.懒惰的 He is a lazy boy.他是个懒家伙。 词形拓展 lazily adv.懒惰地 laziness n.懒惰 890.lead /li:d/(led/led/,led)v. 领导；带领 He led us to his home. 他带我们去他家。 词形拓展 leader n. 领导人 常用词组 lead to 导致 谚语 There is a saying that all roads lead to Rome. 有句谚语：条条大路通罗马。 891.*learn/l₃:n/(learnt /ls:nt/,learnt或 learned/ls:nd/,learned)v. 学习；学会 In some English classes,pictures are used to help the students learn new words. 在一些英语课上，图片被用来辅助学生学习新单词。 We soon learned how to grow organic vegetables. =We soon learned how they grew organic vegetables. 我们很快就学会如何种植有机蔬菜。 常用词组 learn ...from向……学习 谚 语 There is a saying that learn young, learn fair. 有句谚语：学习趁年轻，学就要学好。 892.*leave /li:v/(left /left/,left)v. 离开；把……留下；剩下 n. 准假 Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.离开教室时把灯关掉。 Oh,my goodness!I left my iPhone in the car just now. 哦，我的天哪!刚才，我把我的 iPhone 留在车里了。 He left China six years ago.=He's been away from China for six years. 6年前他离开了中国。 He wants to ask for leave.他想请假。 常用词组 leave a message 留个口信 leave for 动身去 leave(secondary)school (中学)毕业 893.*lecture /'lektʃə/n. 讲座；演讲 He gave us a lecture on physics.他给我们作了一次有关物理学的演讲。 词形拓展 lecturer n.演讲者；讲师 894.*left /left/adj. 左边的 adv. 向 左 n. 左，左边 Put on your left hand. 举起左手。 Turn left! 向左转! The bank is on your left .银行在你的左边。 反义 right 895.leg /leg/n. 腿 A spider has 8 legs. 一只蜘蛛有8条腿。 896.lend /lend/(lent /lent/,lent)v. 借(出);把……借给 There is something wrong with my computer.So Mary lent me hers. 我的电脑坏了。玛丽就把她的借给了我。 897.*length /lenθ/n.长度 The length of that bridge is over 200 metres. 那座桥的长度超过200米。 词形拓展 long adj. 长的 898.*lesson/'lesən/n. 课；功课；教训 If Tony isn't careful enough with his lesson ,more mistakes will be made later. 托尼如果不仔细做功课，他将犯更多的错误。 常用词组 have a lesson 上课 899.**let /let/(let /let/,let)v.让 Don't let such a thing happen again,or you willlose your job! 不要让这样的事情再次发生，否则你会失去你的工作! I was let to have a look at the new flat. 我被允许去看这套新公寓。 谚 语 There is a saying that let's cross the bridge when we come to it. 有句谚语：船到桥头自然直。 名师点拨 let 是常考单词，常出现在反义疑问句句型中，所以学生一定要掌握祈使句 在反义疑问句中的习惯用法： 1)祈使句的反义疑问句，疑问部分用 will you? 2)Let's 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we? 3)Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you? 例如：Let's show the German friends around the town in the holiday, shall we? Let us show the German friends around the town in the holiday, will you? 让我们在假期陪德国朋友参观这座城市，好吗? 900.*letter /'letə/n. 信；字母 —What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he would visit the Disney World the next day. ——你儿子在信里说什么了? ——他告诉我他第二天要去迪士尼世界。 901.*level /'leval/n. 水平线；水平 This is a high level conference on economy.这是一个有关经济的高水平交流会。 902.*librarian /laɪ'breərion/n. 图书馆管理员 Benjamin is a librarian.本杰明是个图书馆管理员。 K 词形拓展 library n. 图书馆；图书室 903.*library /'laibrəri/n. 图书馆；图书室 I've borrowed two books from our school library.我从学校图书馆借了2本书。 904.*lie /lai/n.&v. 谎言；说谎 (lay/leɪ/, lain /lern/)v. 躺；卧；位于 Don't tell lies .Nobody likes those dishonest people. 不要说假话。没有人喜欢那些不诚实的人。 Gork lay down on his bed.高克躺在床上。 常用词组 tell a lie 说谎 近义 be located 反义 truth 名师点拨 lie 是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其正确含义及用法。 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 lie lay lain lying 躺；位于(vi.) lie lied lied lying 说谎(vi.) lay laid laid laying 放(vt.);下蛋(vi.&vt.) 例如：Don't lie in bed all morning. 别一上午都躺在床上。 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东面。 He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。 The hen laid three eggs this week.这个星期母鸡下了3个蛋。 He lied about his age to join the army.他为了参军而谎报了年龄。 905.*life /laif/ ( 复lives /laivz/)n. 生命；生活；人生 Nothing is more important than life. 没有什么比生命更重要。 Because of NATO's accidental bombing,many Libyan citizens lost their lives . 因为北约误炸，许多利比亚公民丧生。 Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometime in his life . 每个人在他生活中的某个时刻都需要有个肩膀来哭泣。 词形拓展 live v.生活；居住；活着 谚 语 There is a saying that to save time is to lengthen life . 有句谚语：珍惜时间就是珍惜生命。 常用词组 all one's life 一辈子 906.lift /lift/v. 举起；抬起 n. (英)电梯 I cannot lift this box. 我不能举起这个盒子。 The lift is out of order again. 这部电梯又出了故障。 907.*light /lart/n. 光；灯光 adj. 明亮的；轻的；浅色的 People turn off their lights for an hour on Earth Day every year. 每年地球日那天，人们关灯一个小时。 —I like light music better than pop music. —Me too. ——比起流行音乐我更喜欢轻音乐。 — — 我也是。 反义 dark;heavy 谚 语 There is a saying that light come, light go. 有句谚语：来得容易，去得快。 908.*like /lark/prep. 像；跟……一样 v. 喜欢；喜爱；想要(should/would like) They helped their parents work and had hobbies like fishing and sailing. 他们帮助父母干活，捕鱼和出海等是他们的爱好。 How do you like the film Avatar? 电影《阿凡达》你认为怎么样? Generally speaking,I don't enjoy swimming,but I'd like to swim this afternoon. 总的来说，我不喜欢游泳，但今天下午我想去游泳。 词形拓展 likely adj.很可能的 adv. 很可能地 反义 dislike;unlike 名师点拨 like 是常考单词，常出现在保持句意基本不变的句型转换练习中，所以学生 一 定要掌握其固定搭配：like..better than与 prefer.….to 意思相同，在句中可以 互换。 例 如 ：Arnold's parents like rice dumplings better than hamburgers. =Arnold's parents prefer rice dumplings to hamburgers. 相比汉堡，阿诺德的父母更喜欢粽子。 909.*likely /'larkli/adj.很可能的 adv. 很可能地 It's very likely that nobody will come. 很有可能没有人会来。 Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million. 利润将极有可能增长约2500万美元。 910.limit /'limit/n. 极限；限制；限度；界限 v. 限制；限定 There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们对疼痛的忍耐是有限度的。 He limited payments on the country's foreign debt.他对该国外债的偿还作出了限制。 911.limited /'limitid/adj.有限的；限制的 Fresh water is so limited that we can't waste it any more. 净水如此有限，我们再也不能浪费。 词形拓展 limit n. 极限；限制；限度；界限 v. 限制；限定 912.*line /lain/n. 排，行；线路 v.排队 The middle line has seven words.中间的一行有7个单词。 My stomach is growling.Let's line up. 我饿得肚子咕咕叫，我们排队吧。 913.*link /link/v.&n. 连接；联系 Some people link the world warming to the El Nino Phenomenon. 有些人把全球气温上升跟厄尔尼诺现象联系在一起。 Do you know the link between smoking and lung cancer? 吸烟和肺癌之间的关系，你知道吗? 914.lion /'laiən/n. 狮子 She was frightened by the roars of a lion .她被狮子的吼叫声吓呆了。 915.liquid /'likwid/n. 液体 Air is a fluid but not a liquid .空气是流体而不是液体。 916.*list/list/n.目录；清单 He made a list of the things he wanted.他开出了他所需物品的清单。 917.*listen /'lisan/v. 听；仔细听 How wonderful the music is!I will listen to it again. 这音乐多么美妙!我会再听一遍的。 常用词组 listen to 听 …… (讲话) 918.litter /'litə/n. 废物，垃圾 v. 乱丢杂物 Don't leave litter everywhere. 不要把垃圾扔得到处都是。 If you litter ,you will spoil the natural beauty of the surroundings.如果你随手乱扔垃圾的话，就会破坏周围环境的自然美。 919.*little /'litl/ (比较级less/les/, 最高级least /list/)adj. 小的；少的 adv. 很少地；稍许 n. 没有多少；一点 There is little pollution here in Shanghai,is there? 上海这里很少有污染，是吗? Marco had little time for fun. 马可几乎没有时间享乐。 Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic,so it will take us less time to go to Pudong International Airport.上海外环隧道已经通车，所以我们去浦东国际 机场将花费更少时间。 I have seen him very little recently. 最近我很少见到他。 Little remains to be done about it. 关于这一点，几乎没有什么可做的。 反 义 big;large;much 名师点拨 littl e 是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其习惯用法，及比较与few 的用法 区 别 ： 1)few,a few 用来修饰可数名词； little,a little用来修饰不可数名词。 2)a few,a little表示肯定意义； few,little 表示否定意义。 例如：I can speak a little English. 我能讲一点英语。 He has made a few mistakes in the exam. 他在考试中犯了一些错误。 There is little sugar left.I will go to the supermarket to buy some. 几乎没有糖了。我要去超市买一些。 3 ) 在 only 和 quite 后面要用 a few 或 a little,不能用 few 或 little。 例如：only a little water 只有一点点水 quite a few students 不少学生 920.*live /liv/v. 生活；居住；活着 adj. 活的；现场直播的；现场演出的 Miss Wang has got a big room to live in. 王小姐住在一间大房间里。 This is my favourite live album of all time. 这是我最喜爱的现场版专辑。 词形拓展 lively adj.活泼的；生气勃勃的 living adj.活着的 常用词组 live on靠……为生 反义 die 谚语 There is a saying that live and learn. 有句谚语：活到老，学到老。 921.*local /'ləukəl/adj. 当地的；地方的 n. 本地人 During the war,the old lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her fifties. 战争期间，这位老妇人在她50多岁时受到上海一户人家的保护。 I'm a local .我是本地人。 922.*locate /lau'keit/v. 坐落于；确定……的地方 Where shall we locate our new office building?我们的新办公楼将坐落于何处? 百词形拓展 location n.位置；场所 常用词组 be located(in/on/at) 位于 923.*location /lau'keɪʃən/n. 位置；场所 It also shows the location of the products.通过它还可以得知产品的摆放位置。 924.lock /lok/n.&v. 锁 Lock the door when you're away. 不在家时，门要锁上。 A golden key will open every lock .金钥匙可以打开每一把锁。 925.London /'lʌndən/n .(英国首都)伦敦 What time does the train from London get in?从伦敦来的火车何时进站? 926.**lonely /'ləunli/adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 He doesn't feel lonely when he is left alone. 在只剩下他一个人的时候，他并不感到孤独。 名师点拔 lonely 是常考单词，学生一定要掌握其与alone 的用法区别： lonely 是指人孤独，寂寞的意思，alone 则表示单独，独自一人。 例如：She lives alone ,but she doesn't feel lonely .她一个人住，但她不感到寂寞。 927.***long /loŋ/adj. (时间)长的；(距离)远的 We couldn't believe that it was her real hair because it was so long . 我们简直不敢相信这是她自己的头发，因为它是那么长。 反义 short 928.***look /luk/n. 看；瞧 v.看；观看；看起来 Let's have a look! 看一看，瞧一瞧! Mary looked upset because she lost her new watch last week. 玛丽看上去很沮丧，因为上周她丢失了她的新手表。 They all looked happily at the teacher when he told them the good news. 当老师告诉他们这个好消息时，他们都开心地看着他。 How does the eighty-year-old man look? 这位80岁的老人看上去怎么样? 常用词组 look after 照料；照顾 look at 看；观看 look for 寻找 look forward to 期待着 look like看上去像 look out 注意；留神 look up查寻；抬头看 take a look看一看 谚语 There is a saying that look before you jump. 有句谚语：三思而后行。 929.*lose /lu:z/(lost/lɔst/,lost)v.失去；丢失 Four people were hurt in the car accident,but luckily no lives were lost. 在车祸中有4人受伤，幸好无人丧生。 John lost his new calculator on his way to school yesterday. 昨天约翰在去学校途中丢失了他的新计算器。 词形拓展 lost adj. 丢失的；迷路的 常用词组 lose one's life 丧生 lose one's way 迷路 lose temper 发脾气 lose weight 减肥 反义 find 930.lost /lost/(lose 的过去式和过去分词)adj. 丢失的；迷路的 When Andy was unhappy about his lost smart phone,his friend gave him a big hug. 当安迪为丢失了手机而郁闷时，他的朋友给了他一个大大的拥抱。 931.*lot /lpt/n. 许 多 Lots of students went to the school hall to enjoy the wonderful paintings by Mr.Hu. 很多学生前往学校礼堂来欣赏胡先生的精彩画作。 常用词组 a lot of /lots of 许多 932.*loud /laud/adj. 大声的 —The music is too loud.Could you turn it down,please? —Sorry,I didn't notice it. ——音乐声太大。声音可以开得轻一点吗? ——对不起，我没有注意到。 词形拓展 loudly adv. 大声地 谚语 There is a saying that action speaks louder than words. 有句谚语：事实胜于雄辩。 933.*loudly/'laudli/adv.大声地 The baby cried loudly when he emptied his bottle. 婴儿一喝完瓶里的东西就大哭起来。 934.*love /l ʌv/n.&v. 爱；热爱；很喜欢 The door of parents'love for children will never be closed. 父母对孩子永远敞开爱的怀抱。 I love you,everyone.我爱你们每个人。 词形拓展 lovely adj. 美好的；可爱的 反 义 hate 935.***lovely /'lʌvli/adj. 美好的；可爱的 She looks lovely in the pink dress! 她穿粉红色连衣裙看起来很可爱! The children are looking happily at these lovely dogs. 孩子们高兴地看着这些可爱的狗狗们。 936.*low /ləv/adj.&adv. 低；矮 When prices are low ,he buys in.价格便宜时他买进。 This bird is flying quite low .这只鸟飞得相当低。 反 义 high 937.*luck /lʌk/n. 运气；好运 I had the luck to get a ticket. 我侥幸弄到了一张票。 词形拓展 luckily adv.幸运地；侥幸地 lucky adj.幸运的 近义 fortune 938.*luckily /'lakili/adv.幸运地；侥幸地 Luckily ,the small ship came back safely after a big storm. 幸运的是，一场大风暴后，小船安全回来了。 反 义 unluckily 939.*lucky/'lakI/adj.幸运的 With the help of the police,Tim was lucky enough to get back his lost bike. 在警察的帮助下，蒂姆幸运地找回了丢失的自行车。 Most Chinese people think that eight is a lucky number. 大多数中国人认为8是一个幸运数字。 反 义 unlucky 940.luggage /'lAgidʒ/n. 行李 I need a cart for my luggage .我需要一辆行李车来装行李。 近 义 baggage 941.lunch /1ʌntʃ/n. 午餐；午饭 Nobody at the lunch table believed the truth of his story. 在午餐桌上，没有人相信他的故事是真的。 12722 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $