选修3 过去分词作表语-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（沪教版） Unit2过去分词作表语 考频分析 过去分词作表语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在以下核心题型：单 项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（辅助理解，影响对上下文逻辑关系 的判断)。在语境理解类题目中，过去分词作表语与系动词的搭配及所表达的状态含义往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对过去分词作表语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构特征：过去分词与be动词构成"be+过去分词”的系表结构，强调主语的状态或感受； ·语法功能辨析：与被动语态的区分（被动语态强调动作，表语强调状态）： ·语境语义匹配：情感类过去分词（如excited,interested)与人称主语的搭配，以及状态类过去分词（如 broken,closed)与事物主语的搭配。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去分词作表语 ·1.基本概念（表状态或感受，位于系动词后） 一功能：表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受，此时过去分词相当于形容词 一逻辑关系：主语通常是过去分词所表示动作的承受者 -例句：口The door is closed.(表示状态，门处于关闭的状态)She felt excited after hearing the news. (表示感受，她感到兴奋) ·2.常见系动词搭配 -be动词：The window was broken by the strong wind, -感官动词：The story sounds interesting.(此处interesting为-ing形式，仅作对比；过去分词例：The food smells burned. -变化类动词：He became interested in painting. -保持类动词：Keep calm!Don't be worried. ·3.与现在分词作表语的区别 -过去分词：主语多为“人”或“被修饰的事物”，表被动或完成的状态/感受→例句：I am tired after work.(人感到累) -现在分词：主语多为“事物”，表主动或令人产生某种感受的性质→例句：The movie is exciting.(事 物令人兴奋)】 【即学即练】 1.【基本概念】过去分词作表语时，主要表示主语的什么特征？ A.动作的执行者 B.状态或感受 C.正在进行的动作 D.将要发生的动作 2.【系动词搭配】请在空白处填入合适的系动词：She_felt worried about the exam. 3.【现在/过去分词辨析】选择正确的分词形式：Iam_((tired//tiring)after running for an hour. 4.【逻辑关系】The glass is broken.句中主语glass是broken所表示动作的？ A.执行者 B.承受者 C.修饰者 D.补充者 5.【感官动词搭配】The food smells_(burned/burning).(食物闻起来被烧焦了) 选修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：过去分词作表语的常见错误与易混点辨析 ·1.过去分词与形容词化过去分词的区分 -口纯粹过去分词（表被动动作，通常可还原为被动语态）例句：The glass is broken.(可还原为：Someone broke the glass.强调“被打破”的动作结果) -口形容词化过去分词（已失去动作含义，固定表状态或感受，不可还原为被动语态）常见词：interested (感兴趣的)、excited(兴奋的)、surprised(惊讶的)、tired(疲倦的)、worried(担心的)例句：She is interested in music.(不可还原为被动语态，interested已成为表感受的形容词) ·2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 一口过去分词作表语（强调主语状态，无动作执行者，不接by短语）结构：主语+系动词+过去分词 (状态感受)例句：The door is closed.(强调门“关着”的状态，不提及“谁关的”) 一口被动语态（强调动作本身，可接by短语引出执行者，有时态变化）结构：主语+be动词（时态变 化)+过去分词（动作）+by短语（可选）例句：The door was closed by Tom just now.(强调“被 Tom关”的动作，有明确过去时间just now) ·3.易混淆的过去分词与现在分词作表语对比练习 一口人作主语（用过去分词表感受）vs事物作主语（用现在分词表性质）例句：a.I am bored with the lecture.（人感到无聊，用bored)b.The lecture is boring..(讲座令人无聊，用boring) 一口感官动词后接过去分词vs现在分词例句：a.The food smells burned.(食物闻起来“被烧焦了”， 表被动结果，用burned)b.The food smells burning.(食物闻起来“正在烧焦”，表主动进行，用 burning,此用法极少，需结合语境) ·4.常见错误案例及修正 -O错误：He is very interesting in science.(误用现在分词interesting形容人)修正：He is very interested in science.(人作主语，表感受用interested) -口错误：The news is excited.(误用过去分词excited形容事物)修正：The news is exciting.(事物 作主语，表性质用exciting) -口错误：The window is broken by a stone yesterday.(过去分词作表语误用过去时间状语)修正：The window was broken by a stone yesterday..(强调动作需用被动语态，且用过去时was) 知识点三：过去分词作表语的语境应用与提升练习 ·1.不同语境下的过去分词选择（高考高频） -描述心理感受（人作主语）：口The students were_when they heard the good news.(excited/exciting) →答案：excited(学生感到兴奋，人作主语表感受)口It was a-match,so everyone cheered loudly. (thrilled/thril训ing)→答案：thrilling(比赛令人激动，事物作主语表性质) -描述事物状态（强调结果）：The ground is_after the heavy rain.(wetting/wet)→答案：Wet(形 容词化过去分词，表“湿的”状态)口The flowers are_because no one watered them.(died/dead) →答案：dead(形容词化过去分词，表“枯萎的”状态) ·2.过去分词作表语与被动语态对比填空（高考易错） -用括号内动词的正确形式填空：口The library_(close)at5p.m.every day.(强调状态)→答案：is closed The library_(close))by the librarian just now.(强调动作)→答案：was closed☐The report _(finish)yesterday,.so we can hand it in now.(强调结果状态)→答案：is finished·The report _(finish)by our team after three days'work.(强调动作执行者)→答案：was finished by our team ·3.语法填空真题改编（高考难度） -阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式：A:Why are you looking so_(disappoint)?B: Because my flight_(cancel).I have to wait for the next one.A:Oh,that's_(annoy).But the airport is-(equip)with free Wi-Fi,so you can surf the Internet.B:That's true.Thank you for cheering me up.→答、：disappointed;was cancelled;annoying;equipped ·4.写作句式升级（应用提升） -将下列句子改写为含过去分词作表语的高级句式：原句：I was very tired after the long journey,.soI went to bed immediately.升级：_(tire)after the long journey,I went to bed immediately.(用过去分 词作状语，表原因)→答案：Tired 原句：The museum is now open to the public and it was rebuilt last year.升级：The museum, _(rebuild)last year,,is now open to the public.(用过去分词作定语，表被动完成)→答案：rebuilt 选修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：过去分词与现在分词作表语辨析 ·核心：根据主语是人还是事物，判断使用过去分词（表感受/被动状态）或现在分词（表性质/主动特征） ·真题1（语法填空）： -The children were_(excite)when they heard the good news about the holiday. -答案：excited解析：主语为“the children”(人)，表示人的感受，应用过去分词excited。 ·真题2（完形填空）： The movie was so_that many people left the cinema early. A.bored B.boring C.excite D.exciting -答案：B解析：主语为“the movie”(事物)，表示事物的性质“令人无聊的”，应用现在分词boring。. 考法二：过去分词作表语与被动语态的辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断强调状态还是动作，区分过去分词作表语与被动语态的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： The door _(close)now.You need to use the back entrance. -答案：is closed解析：句中now强调门当前“关着”的状态，无动作执行者，符合“主语+系动词+ 过去分词（状态）”结构，故用过去分词作表语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The letterby my brother an hour ago. A.is sent B.was sent C.sent D.sends -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“an hour ago”可知强调过去发生的动作，且主语letter是动作承受者， 需用被动语态，一般过去时的被动结构为“was+过去分词”，故选B。 考法三：过去分词作表语与相关语法点综合辨析 ·核心：结合语境区分过去分词作表语（状态感受）与被动语态（动作），辨别形容词化过去分词与纯粹 过去分词的用法差异 ·真题1（单项选择）： The children looked_when they heard the _news. A.excited exciting B.exciting excited C.exciting exciting D.excited excited 一答案：A解析：第一空主语为“the children”(人)，表感受用形容词化过去分词excited;第二空修饰 “news”(事物)，表“令人兴奋的”性质用现在分词exciting,符合“人+ed/事物+ing”的用法规则。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The door_(close)now.It _(close)by my brother an hour ago. -答案：is closed was closed解析：第一空由“now”和句意可知强调门“关着”的状态，用过去分词 作表语，结构为“主语+系动词+过去分词”，填is closed;第二空强调“一小时前被关”的动作，有 明确时间状语“an hour ago'”和执行者暗示，用一般过去时被动语态，填was closed.。 解题小妙招 分词作表语妙招 主语是人表感受，过去分词来搭配； 主语是物表特征，现在分词莫忘怀； 状态强调用表语，be加done无动作； 被动语态重动作，be加done有执行者； ed常表人感受，ing常表物性质； 区分状态与动作，语境标志来判断。 选修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The little girl felt__when she received the unexpected gift. A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.surprises 2.The movie was so-that most audience fell asleep during it. A.bored B.boring C.excite D.exciting 3.The old house looks_after years of neglect. A.abandon B.abandoning C.abandoned D.abandons 4.My parents wereto hear that I won the first prize in the competition. A.delighting B.delighted C.delight D.delights 5.The classroom_every day to keep it clean. A.is cleaned B.was cleaned C.cleaned D.cleans 6.The door _now.You can't enter without a key. A.is closed B.was closed C.closed D.closes 7.The news about the accident made everyone_. A.worrying B.worried C.worry D.worries 8.The experimentby the scientists last month. A.is done B.was done C.done D.does 9.She looks_because she has been working for 12 hours continuously. A.tiring B.tired C.tire D.tires 10.The book_interesting,so I want to read it again. A.seems B.is seemed C.seemed D.was seemed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The students are_(interest)in the new course. 2.The cake smells_(burn),so we can't eat it. 3.My brother was_(surprise)when he saw his old friend at the airport. 4.The window _(break)yesterday,and it hasn't been repaired yet. 5.She feels_(relax)after finishing all her homework. 6.The park-(visit)by thousands of people every weekend. 7.The children were_(excite)about the upcoming summer vacation. 8.The door_(close)now,so please use the side entrance. 9.He became(annoy)when he waited for an hour without any response. 10.The report _(complete)last week,and it will be submitted tomorrow. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Sunday,I visited a small village with my friends.The village looked_(peace)with green fields and clear rivers.We were-(amaze)by its natural beauty.When we arrived at the old church,we found the door_(lock).A local villager told us it_(close)for repairs last month.He also mentioned that the church (build)in the 18th century and_(keep)in good condition ever since. In the afternoon,we tried some local food at a restaurant.The dishes tasted _(delicious),and we were -(satisfy)with the service.On the way back,we met a group of children playing in the street.They looked(cheer)and invited us to join their game.I felt_(happy)to spend such a wonderful day in the village 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.B8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.interested 2.burned 3.surprised 4.was broken 5.relaxed 6.is visited 7.excited 8.is closed 9.annoyed 10.was completed 演练三：语法填空 1.peaceful 2.amazed 3.locked 4.was closed 5.was built 6.has been kept 7.delicious 8.satisfied 9.cheerful 10.happy 选修3|英语|沪教版