选修2 现在分词与过去分词的区别侧重两者作定语时的语义差异-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-选修系列资料（沪教版） 选修2U3现在分词与过去分词的区别 考频分析 现在分词与过去分词的区别（侧重两者作定语时的语义差异）是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总 量的8%左右，主要分布在以下核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、 阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，影响答题效率）。在语境分析类题目中，现在分词表主动或进行、过去分词表 被动或完成的语义差异往往是解题核心。 考查内容 高中英语对现在分词与过去分词作定语时的考察聚焦两大核心维度，覆盖语义辨析与语境应用： ·语态差异：现在分词表示主动关系（被修饰名词是动作的执行者），如"the running boy”(男孩正在跑)； 过去分词表示被动关系（被修饰名词是动作的承受者），如"the broken window”(窗户被打破)。 ·时间含义：现在分词强调动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生，如'the falling leaves”(正在飘落的叶子)； 过去分词强调动作已完成或状态已存在，如"the fallen leaves”(已落下的叶子)。 精讲精练 知识点一：现在分词与过去分词作定语的语义差异 ·1.现在分词(doing)(主动/进行) 一含义：表示被修饰名词主动发出的动作，或动作正在进行 -例句：口a running boy(主动：男孩正在跑)口boiling water(进行：正在沸腾的水) ·2.过去分词(done)(被动/完成) 一含义：表示被修饰名词承受的动作，或动作已完成 -例句：口a broken cup(完成：杯子已被打破)口a respected teacher(被动：老师被尊敬) 【即学即练】 1.【现在分词作定语】选择正确的分词形式填空：The girl_(run)on the playground is my sister.. 2.【过去分词作定语】选择正确的选项：Ne should help the people A.needing B.needed C.need D.to need 3.【语义辨析】判断句子中分词的语义："the falling leaves”中falling表示（主动/被动）一、（进行/完成） 一；"the fallen leaves'”中fallen表示（主动/被动）一、（进行完成）一o 4.【语态判断】指出被修饰名词与分词的逻辑关系："a broken window”中window与break是 关系。 A.主动 B.被动 C.无逻辑关系 D.以上都不对 5.【用法选择】根据语境选择：Look!The water_(boil)in the pot.t's ready for making tea 选修2-U3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：现在分词与过去分词作状语的用法区别 ·1.现在分词(doing)作状语（主动/进行） 1.功能：表示与谓语动词同时发生的主动动作，或作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语（结果状语表 顺其自然的结果) 2.逻辑关系：分词动作与句子主语是主动关系（主语是分词动作的发出者） 3.例句： -时间状语(=hen she heard the news):Hearing the news,she cried.(听到消息时，她哭了。 hear与主语she是主动关系) -伴随状语：He walked down the street,singing happily.(他沿街走，开心地唱着歌。sing与主语 he是主动关系，与walked同时发生) -结果状语：The fire lasted for hours,destroying many houses.(大火持续了数小时，烧毁了许多房 屋。destroy是fire导致的自然结果) ·2.过去分词(done)作状语（被动/完成） 1.功能：表示与谓语动词相关的被动动作（已完成或持续的被动状态），或作时间、原因、条件、伴随 状语 2.逻辑关系：分词动作与句子主语是被动关系（主语是分词动作的承受者） 3.例句： -原因状语(=Because she was moved by the story):Moved by the story,she couldn't help crying. (被故事感动，她忍不住哭了。move与主语she是被动关系) -条件状语(=If it is heated):Heated,ice will turn into water.(如果被加热，冰会变成水。heat与 主语ice是被动关系) -伴随状语：The girl stood there,surrounded by her classmates.(女孩站在那里，被同学们围着。 surround与主语girl是被动关系) ·3.特殊对比：现在分词的被动式(being done)与过去分词(done)作状语的区别 1.being done:强调“被动动作正在进行”，与谓语动词动作同时发生 -例句：Being criticized by the teacher,he lowered his head.(正被老师批评时，他低下了头。“被 批评”与“低头”同时发生) 2.done:强调“被动动作已完成”，或仅表被动状态，不强调时间 -例句：Criticized by the teacher,he felt sad.(被老师批评后，他感到难过。“被批评”先于“感到 难过”完成) 知识点三：现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别 ·1.现在分词(doing)作补足语（主动/进行） 一含义：表示宾语主动发出的动作，或动作正在进行 一逻辑关系：宾语是分词动作的发出者，与分词构成主动关系 一例句： *I heard her singing in the room.(我听见她正在房间里唱歌。sing的动作由her主动发出且正在进 行) *e saw the children playing football.(我们看见孩子们正在踢足球。play的动作由children主动发 出且正在进行) ·2.过去分词(done)作补足语（被动/完成） -含义：表示宾语承受的动作，或动作已完成 一逻辑关系：宾语是分词动作的承受者，与分词构成被动关系 一例句： *He found his bike stolen.(他发现他的自行车被偷了。stolen的动作由bike承受且已完成) *Ve want the work finished by Friday.(我们想要这项工作在周五前完成。finished的动作由work承 受且强调完成) 选修2-U3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：现在分词与过去分词作定语的辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与分词动作的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作状态（进行完成），选择正确的分词 形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Look!The girl _(dance)on the stage is my sister. -答案：dancing解析：被修饰名词“the girl'”与分词动作“dance?”是主动关系，且由“Look!”可知 动作正在进行，故用现在分词dancing作定语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -We should help those_people in disaster areas. A.needing B.needed C.to need D.need -答案：B解析：被修饰名词“those people”与分词动作“need”是被动关系(“被需要的人")，故用 过去分词needed作定语。 考法二：分词作定语与作状语的综合辨析 ·核心：根据分词在句中的语法功能（定语修饰名词/状语修饰句子）及与逻辑主语的关系（主动/被动）， 选择正确的分词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.-(see)the beautiful scenery,many visitors stopped to take photos. -答案：Seen Seeing解析：第一空分词短语位于句首修饰整个句子，逻辑主语the city与see是被动 关系（城市被看），用过去分词Seen;第二空分词短语位于句首表原因，逻辑主语many visitors与 see是主动关系（游客看风景），用现在分词Seeing。. ·真题2（完形填空）： -The girl_(wear)a red dress is my sister.She stood there quietly,_(surround)by her friends. A.wearing surrounded B.worn surrounding C.wearing surrounding D.worn surrounded -答案：A解析：第一空分词修饰名词the girl,,逻辑主语the girl与wear是主动关系（女孩穿裙子），用 现在分词wearing;第二空分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语she与surround是被动关系（她被朋友围着）， 用过去分词surrounded。 考法三：现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语和补足语的综合辨析 ·核心：结合语境判断分词在句中所作成分（定语、状语、补足语），并根据逻辑关系（主动/被动）和动 作状态（进行/完成）选择正确的分词形式(doing/done/being done) ·真题1（单项选择）： --the news,she couldn't help jumping with joy.Meanwhile,her brother found a_letter on the desk, which made him quite_ A.Hearing;surprising;excited B.Heard;surprised;exciting C.Hearing;surprised;excited D.Heard;surprising;exciting -答案：A解析：第一空为分词作状语，主语“she”与“hear”是主动关系，用现在分词Hearing;第二 空为分词作定语修饰名词“letter'”,4 letter”具有主动发出“令人惊讶”的特征，用现在分词surprising; 第三空为分词作宾语补足语，宾语“him”承受“感到兴奋”的状态，用过去分词excited。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The girl_(stand)under the tree is my sister.She was_(move)by the-(touch)story,-(cry)silently -答案：standing moved touching crying解析：第一空为分词作定语，“gir”与“stand”是主动关系 且动作正在进行，用现在分词standing;第二空为分词作表语（此处可视为被动状态的补足），“she” 与“move”是被动关系，用过去分词moved;第三空为分词作定语修饰“story”,“story”具有主动 “令人感动”的特征，用现在分词touching;第四空为分词作伴随状语，“she”与“cry”是主动关系， 用现在分词crying。 选修2-U3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 分词辨析妙招 作定要看被饰名，主动进行用doing,被动完成用done; 作状先找逻辑主，主动doing被动done,句子主语是关键； 作补关注宾语态，主动doing被动done,情感分词要区分，ing表物ed表人； 成分功能先判断，逻辑关系是核心，主动被动看关系，进行完成辨状态。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Thechild was crying loudly because he couldn't find his mother. A.lost B.losing C.lose D.to lose 2.-the instructions carefully,he started to assemble the machine. A.Read B.Reading C.Toread D.Having read 3.The book_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages A.writing B.wrote C.written D.to write 4._from the sky,the stars look like tiny diamonds. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 5.I found the little girlin the corner,sadly. A.sitting cried B.sat crying C.sitting crying D.sat cried 6.The teacher caught some students_in the exam,so he reported them to the headmaster. A.cheat B.cheating C.cheated D.to cheat 7.The _news made all of us-for a long time. A.excited exciting B.exciting excited C.excited excited D.excitingexciting 8._the project on time,they have to work extra hours. A.Completing B.Complete C.To complete D.Completed 9.The house_last year is now the largest library in our city. A.building B.built C.to build D.being built 10.by the heavy rain,the sports meeting was put off. A.Being affected B.Affecting C.Affected D.To affect 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl_(play)the piano in the next room is my best friend. 2.-(see)from the mountain,the village looks like a beautiful painting. 3.We were all _(surprise)by the_(amaze)result of the competition. 4.The workers are busy_(repair)the broken bridge these days. 5.-(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation letter. 6.The old man found his wallet_(steal)when he got off the bus. 7.The story_(tell)by my grandmother yesterday moved all of us. 8.The students walked into the classroom,-(talk)and laughing happily. 9._(wait)for over an hour,he finally saw his daughter appear at the gate. 10.The book_(lie)on the desk for three days is still unread. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） A Trip to the Countryside Last weekend,I went to the countryside with my family._(drive)along the winding road,we enjoyed the fresh air and green fields.Suddenly,we noticed a group of children-(fly)kites in an open field.Their kites,-(shape)like colorful birds,danced high in the sky. We stopped the car and joined them.A little girl_(call)Lily taught me how to fly a kite.She said her kite, -(make)by her grandfather,could fly higher than any others.While I was trying,I saw an old man_(sit) under a big tree,_(watch)us with a smile.Later,he told us stories about his childhood,_(include)how he used to make kites with bamboo and paper. By noon,we felt hungry and decided to have lunch at a farm nearby.The farm_(run)by a local family offered us fresh vegetables and homemade bread.After the meal,we helped the farmers_(pick)apples in the orchard.It was a day full of joy and unforgettable memories 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.B8.C9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.playing 2.Seen 3.surprised;amazing 4.repairing 5.Not knowing 6.stolen 7.told 8.talking 9.Having waited 10.lying 演练三：语法填空 1.Driving 2.flying 3.shaped 4.called 5.made 6.sitting 7.watching 8.including 9.run 10.pick 选修2-U3|英语|沪教版