选修1 定语从句关系代词和关系副词-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 考频分析 定语从句（关系代词和关系副词）是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 多个核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句， 间接影响答题效率)。在语法应用类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的选择、定语从句的限制性与非限制性 区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句（关系代词和关系副词）的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词功能：that、which、who、whom、whose的指代对象（人物所属关系）与句法成分（主语、宾 语、定语)； ·关系副词应用：when、where、why对先行词（时间、地点、原因）的修饰及与介词+关系代词结构的 转换； ·特殊用法辨析：限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，as与which的用法差异，关系代词省略规则。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） ·关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -常见关系代词：that(人/物)、which(物)、who(人，主格)、whom(人，宾格)、whose(人/物，表 所属) -例句：口The girl who is standing there is my sister.(who指代人，在从句中作主语)口This is the book that|bought yesterday.(that指代物，在从句中作宾语)☐He lives in a house whose windows face south.(whose表所属，指“房子的窗户”) ·关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） -常见关系副词：when(时间，=介词+which)、where(地点，=介词+which)、why(原因，=for+which, 先行词常为reason) -例句：口I still remember the day when I first came to this school..(when指代时间，在从句中作时间 状语)口This is the factory where my father works.(where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语)口The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(why指代原因，在从句中作原因状语) 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词选择】The boy_is playing football is my brother. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.【关系代词功能】This is the pen_I lost yesterday.(填写可使用的关系代词) A.that/which B.who/whom C.whose D.when 3.【关系副词选择】I still remember the year_I joined the army. A.that B.which C.when D.where 4.【关系副词功能】The reason_he failed the exam is that he didn't study hard. A.why B.which C.who D.where 5.【所属关系】She is the girl-mother is a famous writer. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词的特殊用法及区别） ·关系代词的特殊用法 1.that与which的区别 -a.只能用that的情况：先行词为不定代词(al,everything,nothing,something等)；先行词被序 数词、形容词最高级修饰；先行词既有人又有物。 一例句： *口Everything that he said is true.(先行词为不定代词everything) *☐This is the first book that I have read this month.(先行词被序数词first修饰) *口Ne talked about the teachers and schools that we visited last week.(先行词既有人又有物) -b.只能用whch的情况：引导非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开，补充说明）；介词后指物。 一例句： *口The book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句，逗号隔开) *口This is the house in which he lived last year.(介词in后指物，用which) 2.关系代词as的用法（指代整个主句内容，译为“正如"） -a.常用于as is known to all(众所周知)、as we all know(正如我们所知)、as often happens(正 如经常发生的那样)等固定搭配。 一例句： *口As is known to all,the earth is round.(as指代整个主句内容) *He was late for school,as often happens.(as指代“他迟到”这件事) ·关系副词与介词+关系代词的转换 1.口when=介词+which 2.例句：I still remember the day on which I first came to this school..(on which替代when,on与先 行词day搭配) 3.☐where=介词+which 4.例句：This is the factory in which my father works.(in which替代where,in与先行词factory搭配) 5.☐why=for+which 6.例句：The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus.(for which替代why,for与先行 词reason搭配) 7.注意：介词的选择取决于先行词与从句动词的搭配（如work in the factory)或先行词本身的固定搭 配（如reason for)e ·定语从句与同位语从句的区别（易混点） 1.口定语从句：关系词在从句中作成分（主语、宾语、状语等），先行词是名词，从句修饰先行词。 2.例句：The news that he told me is true.(that在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词news) 3.口同位语从句：连接词(that,whether,.how等)在从句中不作成分，先行词多为抽象名词(news, fact,idea,truth等)，从句解释说明先行词的内容。 4.例句：The news that our team won the game is true.(that在从句中不作成分，解释news的内容 “我们队赢了比赛”) 知识点三：定语从句（关系代词省略及与其他从句的区分） ·关系代词的省略规则 -关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略（适用于限制性定语从句）： -口例句：The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is very interesting.(that/which作宾语，可省略) -☐例句：The girl(whom)we met at the party is my cousin.(whom作宾语，可省略) -注意：关系代词作主语时不可省略，如：The man who is talking to my father is a teacher.(who作主 语，不可省略) ·定语从句与状语从句的区分 1.口定语从句：修饰先行词（名词代词），从句中缺少与先行词相关的成分（主语、宾语等）。 2.例句：'ll never forget the day when I joined the club.(when指代先行词day,从句缺少时间状语) 3.口时间状语从句：由when引导，主句和从句均完整，when译为“当…时”。 4.例句：I was reading a book when he came in.(主句和从句均完整，when表时间) 5.0地点状语从句：由where引导，主句和从句均完整，where译为“在…地方”。 6.例句：Put the book where it was.(主句和从句均完整，where表地点) ·定语从句与强调句的区分 -强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分（去掉It is/was..that后句子仍完整）。 -☐例句：It was in this room that I found my lost key..(强调句，去掉It was..that后为“|found my lost key in this room”,句子完整) -口定语从句：It is/was+名词+that/who+从句（从句修饰先行词，去掉It is/was后句子不完整）。 -例句：It was the room that I found my lost key in.(定语从句，先行词为room,去掉twas后为“The room that I found my lost key in”,需补充成分) 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 ·核心：根据先行词的类型（如不定代词、被序数词/最高级修饰、既有人又有物等）及从句类型（限制性非 限制性)，判断使用that还是which ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story-I have ever read. -答案：that解析：先行词story被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，只能用that引导定语从句 ·真题2（单项选择）： The novel,-was written by a famous writer,has been translated into many languages. A.that B.which C.who D.what -答案：B解析：逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句，先行词novel指物，只能用which引导非限制性定 语从句 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的综合运用及省略规则辨析 ·核心：根据先行词类型、从句成分及语境，判断使用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)或关 系副词(when/where/why),并掌握关系代词的省略规则 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The village-we visited last year has changed a lot.The old house_roof was broken has been repaired,and the day-we arrived was rainy. -答案：that/which;whose;when解析：第一空先行词为物(village),从句中缺少宾语，可用that或 which,且可省略；第二空先行词为物(house),从句中需表所属关系(“房子的屋顶”)，用whose; 第三空先行词为时间(day),从句中缺少时间状语，用when。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Is this the factory__you worked last year? A.where B.that C.which D.the one -答案：A解析：先行词为地点(factory),从句中缺少地点状语(“在工厂工作”)，应用关系副词where; 若用关系代词需补充介词in,即“in which”,选项中无此形式，故排除B、C;D项the one需引导 从句时补充关系词，不符合语法结构，因此选A。 考法三：定语从句综合应用（关系词选择、特殊用法及与其他从句区分） ·核心：结合先行词特征、从句成分及句式结构，综合判断关系代词/副词的选用，区分定语从句与强调句、 状语从句的差异 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The days we spent together in the countryside,as is often said,left a deep impression on me.I still remember the first moment I saw the sunrise over the mountains. A.when;which B.that;when C.which:that D./where -答案：B解析：第一空先行词为"the days”,在从句中作宾语(spent the days),且先行词被省略引导 词的限制性定语从句修饰，可用that或which,因先行词指物且无特殊限制，此处that符合；第二空 先行词为"the first moment”,在从句中作时间状语(I saw the sunrise at the first moment),用关系副 词when,故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： We visited the village and its people-(impress)us most was the old temple_(locate)on the hill. As is known to all,such buildings_(build)during the Ming Dynasty are rare now. -答案：that;located;built解析：第一空先行词既指人(people)又指物(village),只能用that导定语 从句；第二空"locate”与"temple”为被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语（相当于which is located); 第三空"build”与"ouildings”为被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语（相当于which were built),且 此处非限制性定语从句中as指代整个主句内容，符合固定搭配”as is known to all”。 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 that which有区别，先行词来定乾坤； 不定代词最高级，序数词后用that; 既有人物又有物，that独大无二话； 逗号隔开非限制，which登场别用that。 关系代副看成分，代词作主宾表语； 副词何时何地因，状语成分它来担； 先行指物做宾语，that which可省略； whose表所属，名词之前它来帮。 综合应用要细心，强调句有it is/was; 状语从句无先行，定从必有名词先： as引导非限定，指代主句内容全； 过去分词作定语，被动关系记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We should do everything_we can to help the poor children. A.which B.that C.what D.whom 2.The film_they are talking about is very popular. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 3.This is the best novel_I have ever read in my life. A.which B.that C.what D.as 4.The girl__father is a doctor studies very hard. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 5.The city_we visited last summer is very beautiful. A.when B.where C.which D.what 6.I still remember the day_I first met you. A.which B.when C.where D.that 7.The reason _he was late for school was that he missed the bus. A.why B.which C.when D.where 8.As is known to all,the earth is round,_is a fact. A.that B.which C.as D.what 9.Is this the factory__you worked last year? A.that B.which C.where D.the one 10.It was in the parkwe met for the first time. A.where B.that C.which D.when 演练二：填空试题（共0题） 1.The man_is standing at the door is my uncle. 2.This is the house_I lived two years ago. 3.The book_cover is red is very interesting. 4.I can't forget the days_we spent together. 5.The reason-he left the company is still unknown. 6.Everything-he said at the meeting was true. 7.The girl with_I went shopping yesterday is my sister. 8.This is the first timeI have been to Beijing. 9.We talked about the teachers and schools_we visited last week. 10.is known to all,English is very important. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） I live in a small town 1.-is surrounded by mountains.Last summer,I visited a village 2.-my grand- parents used to live.The village,3.has a history of over 200 years,is very beautiful.I stayed in a house 4.windows faced the river.Every morning,I woke up to the sound of birds,5.made me feel peaceful. One day,I met an old man 6.-told me stories about the village.He said that the village had changed a lot since the 1980s.The only thing 7._remained the same was the old temple on the hill.The temple, 8._was built in the Ming Dynasty,attracts many visitors every year. As we all know,small towns like this are becoming more and more popular.The reason 9.-people love them is that they can enjoy a quiet life here.I hope the village will keep its beauty forever,10._is a treasure for all of us. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C6.B7.A8.B9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.who/that 2.where 3.whose 4.that/which 5.why 6.that 7.whom 8.that 9.that 10.As 演练三：语法填空 1.which/that 2.where 3.which 4.whose 5.which 6.who/that 7.that 8.which 9.why 10.which 选修1|英语|冀教版