选修1 介词短语做场景状语-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1介词短语与情态动词 考频分析 介词短语做场景状语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在以下核心题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解语境，间接影响答题效率）。在 语境理解类题目中，介词短语的搭配及语义辨析往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对介词短语做场景状语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·介词分类与搭配：时间介词(at/inl/on等)、地点介词(in/on/under等)、方式介词(by/with/.through等) 的辨析与固定搭配； ·句法功能识别：在句中作时间、地点、方式、原因等场景状语的位置特点及与主句的逻辑关系； ·语境应用与转换：不同场景中介词短语的灵活选用，同义介词短语替换及汉译英时的准确表达。 精讲精练 知识点一：介词短语作场景状语 ·1.定义及功能（表时间、地点、方式等场景信息） 一核心作用：用于说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、条件等背景场景，修饰整个句子或谓语动词 一结构特点：由“介词+名词代词动名词”构成，通常位于句首或句末（句首时常用逗号隔开） -例句：口In the morning,we usually do morning exercises.(时间场景，位于句首)口They are playing football on the playground.(地点场景，位于句末) ·2.常见介词及场景类型 -时间场景介词：at(具体时刻)、on(具体日期/星期)、in(年月/悸节/泛指上午下午晚上)、during (在…期间)、before(在…之前) *She gets up at 6:00 every day.We will have a party on Christmas Eve. -地点场景介词：in(大地点)、on(表面接触)、at(小地点/具体位置)、under(在…下方)、beside (在…旁边) *例句：He was born in Beijing.The book is on the desk. -方式场景介词：by(通过某种方式)、with(使用工具/伴随状态)、in(用某种语言材料) *例句：Ne go to school by bike./He wrote the letter with a pen. ·3.与其他状语的区别（以时间状语为例） -介词短语时间状语：I will call you in the afternoon.(强调时间段，由介词in引导) -副词时间状语：I will call you afternoon.(错误表达，afternoon为名词需加介词；正确副词形式：I called him yesterday. 【即学即练】 1.【介词短语作时间状语】 the evening,we often watch TV together A.At B.On C.In D.During 2.【介词短语作地点状语】They are swimming the river. A.in B.on C.at D.under 3.【介词短语作方式状语】He goes to work car every day. A.with B.by C.in D.on 4.【结构特点】介词短语作场景状语时，由“介词+/代词/动名词”构成（填写词性）：一 5.【位置特点】介词短语位于句首作状语时，常用隔开（填写标点）：一 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：介词短语作后置定语 ·1.定义及功能（修饰名词，限定范围） 一核心作用：位于名词之后，对名词进行修饰，说明名词的性质、特征、所属关系等，相当于形容词的 功能 一结构特点：由“介词+名词/代词/动名词”构成，紧跟被修饰名词 -例句：口The girl in red is my sister.(修饰名词girl,说明穿着特征)I have a book about history: (修饰名词book,说明内容范围) ·2.常见介词及逻辑关系类型 一所属关系介词：of(…的)、with(带有…的) *例句：the roof of the house(房子的屋顶)/a girl with long hair(长头发的女孩) -地点关系介词：on(在…上的)、in(在…里的)、under(在…下的) *例句：the picture on the wall(墙上的画)/the students in the classroom(教室里的学生) -时间关系介词：for(用于…的)、during(在…期间的) *例句：a holiday for children(儿童假期)/the story during the war(战争期间的故事) 一材料关系介词：of(由…制成的，看得出原材料入、om（(由…制成的，看不出原材料) *例句：a table of wood(木桌)paper from bamboo(竹制纸) ·3.与定语从句的转换（高中重点） -介词短语后置定语：He is a teacher with much experience.(with短语修饰teacher) -转换为定语从句：He is a teacher who has much experience.(who引导从句修饰teacher) 一例句对比： *The book on the desk is mine.-The book which is on the desk is mine. *I know the girl in a red coat.I know the girl who is in a red coat. 知识点三：情态动词 ·1.基础含义及用法（高考核心） -can/could(能力/许可) *基本用法：can表现在或一般能力，could表过去能力或委婉请求 *例句：She can speak three languages.(现在能力)Could you help me carry the box?(委婉请 求) -may/might(许可可能性) *基本用法：may表允许或推测可能性，might语气更委婉 *例句：You may leave the classroom now.(允许)It might rain tomorrow.(推测) -must have to(必须/不得不) *基本用法：must表主观必须，have to表客观需要 *例句：Ve must obey traffic rules.(主观)/He has to work late tonight.(客观) -should/ought to(应该建议) *基本用法：should表建议或义务，ought to语气更正式 *例句：You should study for the exam.(建议)We ought to help the poor.(义务) ·2.否定形式及特殊用法（高考易错） can't /mustn't *can't:不可能（否定推测）→He can't be in the library.I saw him outside.(否定推测) *mustn't:禁止→You mustn't park here..(禁止停车) needn't don't have to *needn't:不必→You needn't come early tomorrow.(不必早来) *don't have to:没有必要→They don't have to attend the meeting.(没必要参加) shouldn't/needn't have done *shouldn't have done:本不该做却做了→You shouldn't have told him the secret.(本不该告诉他) *needn't have done:本不必做却做了→I needn't have bought so much food.(本不必买) ·3.情态动词表推测（高考重点） -肯定推测：must(一定)/may(可能)/might(或许) *例句：The light is on.He must be at home.(一定在家)/She may come to the party..(可能来) -否定推测：can't(不可能)/may not(可能不) *例句：He can't speak French.He never studied it..(不可能)She may not agree with you.(可能 不同意) -疑问推测：can/coud *例句：Can the news be true?(消息可能是真的吗)/Could she have finished the work?(她可能 完成了吗) ·4.情态动词have done(高考高频) -must have done:一定做过→They must have arrived by now.(-定到了) -may have done:可能做过，She may have forgotten the appointment..(可能忘了) -should have done:本该做却没做→You should have finished the report yesterday.(本该昨天完成) -could have done:本可以做却没做→Ve could have won the game.(本可以赢比赛) ·5.单选练习题（冀教版高考难度） 1.-Where is Tom? 2.-He_in the library.I saw him there just now. A.must be B.can be C.may be D.should be 3.答案：A解析：根据just now'”表肯定推测，用must be 4.You _smoke in the hospital.It's against the rules. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.wouldn't 5.答案：B解析：医院禁止吸烟，用mustn't表禁止 6.Shehave passed the exam,but she didn't study hard. A.should B.could C.must D.need 7.答案：B解析：本可以通过但没努力，用could have done 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：介词短语作场景状语辨析 ·核心：根据句子语境判断介词短语是否用作场景状语，区分其与后置定语或副词的功能差异 ·真题1（语法填空）： --the morning,we usually do morning exercises. 一答案：ln解析：此处需要表示时间场景的介词，"in the morning”为固定搭配，位于句首作时间场景状 语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -They are playing football_the playground A.in B.on C.at D.by -答案：B解析：表示”在操场上”需用介词on,构成地点场景状语修饰谓语动词”playing”。 考法二：介词短语功能辨析 ·核心：判断介词短语在句中是作场景状语还是后置定语，结合语境选择正确介词或分析句子成分 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The boy_a red hat is my brother.He often reads books-the library. -答案：in;in解析：第一空"in a red hat'"修饰名词boy,作后置定语，表穿着特征；第二空"in the library'” 说明动作reads发生的地点，作场景状语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： We met a girl long hairthe park yesterday. A.has;at B.with;in C.of;on D.for:under -答案：B解析：第一空"with long hair'”修饰名词girl,表伴随特征，作后置定语；第二空"'in the park” 说明动作met发生的地点，作场景状语，"in+大地点”符合语法规则。 ·核心：结合情态动词表推测义务的用法，判断介词短语作状语时的逻辑关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： You_not park your car_the No Parking sign.It's dangerous. -答案：must;near解析：第一空根据”禁止停车”语境用mustn't表禁止；第二空"near the No Parking sign”作地点状语，说明禁止停车的具体位置。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -She_have finished the task__midnight,because she told me she was working late. A.must;by B.may;in C.can;at D.should;during -答案：A解析：第一空"must have finished'”表对过去的肯定推测；第二空"by midnight”(截止到午夜) 为时间介词短语作状语，符合"by+时间点”表动作完成时限的用法。 ·核心：通过介词短语后置定语限定名词范围，结合情态动词表推测的用法判断逻辑关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： The book-the desk_be Lucy's.It has her name on it. -答案：on;must解析：第一空"on the desk”作后置定语修饰book;第二空根据"has her name”表肯 定推测，用must。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Is this the pen_a silver cap-you are looking for? A.with;may B.of;must C.in;can D.on;might -答案：A解析：第一空"with a silver cap”作后置定语修饰pen,表特征；第二空”may be looking for'” 表疑问推测，符合”情态动词+be doing”结构。 考法三：介词短语功能辨析与情态动词推测综合应用 ·核心：结合介词短语作状语定语的语法功能判断，运用情态动词表推测的用法完成语境题 ·真题1（单项选择）： The students_in the classroom must finish the task before 5 pm.They have no choice A.can be B.must be C.in D.on -答案：C解析：句中"in the classroom”为介词短语作后置定语修饰名词”students”,需选择正确介词； 后半句"nave no choice”表客观必须用”have to'”,但选项中无此搭配，前半句需先完成定语结构，"in+ 地点”符合后置定语用法。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -You-(must)take the books from the shelf by the window.Those with red covers are for Grade 3 students. -答案：mustn't解析："by the window”为介词短语作后置定语修饰”shelf”;根据”Those with red covers'” 限定范围，可知前句表禁止拿取，用mustn't表禁止，符合情态动词否定推测用法。 选修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 介词短语妙招 介词短语功能辨，先看名词还是动； 名词之后修饰它，后置定语功能定； 动词之前或之后，场景状语来补充； 时间地点和方式，状语特征要分明。 情态动词推测妙招 情态推测看证据，肯定must否定can't; 可能推测用may might,疑问can/could来帮忙； 过去推测加have done,证据强弱定词选； mustn't表禁止，needn't没必要，两者不可表推测。 综合应用妙招 先找名词看其后，后置定语介词勾； 再看动词前后状，时间地点用恰当； 情态推测看语境，肯定否定要分清； 定语状语先辨明，情态搭配自然成。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We will have a picnicSunday if the weather is fine. A.in B.on C.at D.during 2.The man_a black jacket is our new teacher. A.in B.on C.with D.by 3.-Where is Mary? 4.-Shebe in the lab.I saw her doing experiments there just now. A.must B.may C.can D.should 5.You_smoke in the cinema.It's against the rules. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.wouldn't 6.I have a friend_lives in Canada. A.of B.with C.about D.who 7.They_have arrived by now.The flight was scheduled to land an hour ago. A.must B.may C.can D.should 8.The book the desk is mine. A.in B.on C.at D.under 9.We go to schoolbus every day. A.by B.with C.in D.on 10.Shehave passed the exam,but she didn't study hard. A.should B.could C.must