必修2 动名词所做成分及用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1动名词所做成分及用法 考频分析 动名词是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择(1-2 题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(23题)、阅读理解（偶尔在长难句分析中涉及）、书面表达（用于句 子结构优化，提升表达多样性)。在语法填空和单项选择中，动名词作主语、宾语、表语及定语的用法是考 察重点，尤其需注意与不定式的辨析及固定搭配。 考查内容 高中英语对动名词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法功能辨析：动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语的基本用法及与不定式的区别； ·固定搭配与语境：介词后接动名词的固定短语（如be good at,look forward to),动词后接动名词作宾 语的特殊用法（如enjoy,,avoid,suggest); ·复合结构与否定：动名词的复合结构（名词所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词）的构成及使用场景，动 名词的否定形式(not+动名词). 精讲精练 知识点一：动名词所做成分及用法 ·作主语（表示抽象动作或习惯性行为） -例句：☐Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)☐Reading aloud helps improve pronunciation. (大声朗读有助于提高发音) ·作宾语（接在及物动词或介词后） -动词宾语：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice(练习)→例句：She enjoys listening to music.. -介词宾语：be good at(擅长)、think about(考虑)、instead of(代替)→例句：He is good at playing basketball ·作表语（说明主语的性质或内容） -例句：口Her hobby is painting.(她的爱好是画画)口The most important thing is studying hard.(最 重要的是努力学习) ·作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） -例句：口a reading room(阅览室，表用途)口a walking stick(拐杖，表用途) 【即学即练】 1.【动名词作主语】 (run)every morning is good for health.请填写run的正确形式： 2.【动名词作宾语】She is good at_(play)the piano.请填写play的正确形式： 3.【动名词作表语】His favorite thing is(read)books.请填写read的正确形式： A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 4.【动名词作定语】”阅览室”的正确英文表达是： A.read room B.reading room C.readed room D.to read room 5.【动名词与不定式辨析】表示抽象习惯性行为作主语时用 表示具体一次性行为作主语时 用 必修2|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之不定式用法 ·作主语（表示具体动作或一次性行为） 1.基本结构：To+动词原形+其他成分（常用t作形式主语，避免头重脚轻）》 2.直接作主语例句： -口To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) -·To help others makes me happy.(帮助别人让我开心) 3.it作形式主语结构：lt+be动词+形容词名词+to do sth. 一例句： -口It is necessary to get up early..(早起是必要的，it指代to get up early) -口It's a good habit to read books every day.(每天读书是个好习惯，it指代to read books every day) ·作宾语（接在及物动词后，表动作的内容或目的） 1.常用动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝试) 2.结构：主语+动词+to do sth. 一例句： -口She wants to buy a new bike.(她想买一辆新自行车，want后接to buy) -口They plan to visit the museum next Sunday..(他们计划下周日参观博物馆，plan后接to visit) 3.特殊结构：疑问词+todo(作动词或介词宾语) 一例句： -口Idon't know how to solve this problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题，how to solve作know的 宾语) -口He is thinking about where to go for vacation.(他正在考虑去哪里度假，where to go作about 的宾语) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常用动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许) 2.结构：主语+动词+宾语+to do sth.(主动语态)；主语+动词+宾语+to be done(被动含义，较 少见)》 一例句 -口My mother asks me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间，me是宾语，to clean补充说明me 的动作) -口The teacher told us to finish homework on time.(老师告诉我们按时完成作业，us是宾语，to finish补充说明us的动作) 3.省略to的情况：感官动词(see,hear,watch等)和使役动词(make,let,have等)后接宾语补足语 时，不定式符号to省略 -例句： -·|saw her dance in the park.(我看见她在公园里跳舞，see后省略to,直接用dance) -口The boss made him work overtime.(老板让他加班，make后省略to,直接用work) ·作表语（说明主语的内容、性质或目的） 1.结构：主语+be动词+to do sth, -例句： -口Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生，to become说明dream的内容) -口The first step is to make a plan.(第一步是制定计划，to make说明step的内容) 2.表目的时例句： -The meeting is to discuss the new project.(这次会议是为了讨论新项目，to discuss表目的)】 ·作定语（修饰名词，表将要发生的动作或名词的用途） 1.位置：置于被修饰名词之后 2.表将来动作例句： -口I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做，todo修饰homework,表“要做的”作业) -口There is a meeting to attend tomorrow.(明天有个会议要参加，to attend修饰meeting,表“要 参加的”会议) 3.表用途例句： -a pen to write with(用来写字的钢笔，to write with表pen的用途，with不可省略) -口a room to live in(用来居住的房间，to live in表room的用途，in不可省略) ·作状语（表目的、结果、原因或条件） 1.目的状语（常置于句首或句末，句首时加逗号） -结构：To do sth.,+主句/主句+to do sth. 一例句： -口To catch the early bus,he got up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，他早上6点起床，to catch表目 的) -口She studies hard to get good grades.(她努力学习是为了取得好成绩，to get表目的) 2.结果状语（常用only to do表意外结果） -例句： -口He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走 了，only to find表意外结果) -口They worked day and night,finally to finish the task.(他们日夜工作，最终完成了任务，to finish 表自然结果) 3.原因状语（常置于句首，修饰整个句子） -例句： 一口To hear the news,.she was very excited.(听到这个消息，她非常兴奋，to hear表原因) -口To see his mother,he felt happy.(见到他妈妈，他感到开心，to see表原因) 知识点三：非谓语动词 ·todo(不定式) -基础搭配拓展（高中必背）： *口afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：Ve can't afford to buy a new house now. *口happen to do(碰巧做)→例句：I happened to meet my old friend in the street.. *☐pretend to do(假装做)→例句：He pretended to be reading when his mother came in. *口promise to do(承诺做)→例句：She promised to help me with my English. *口manage to do(设法做)→例句：They managed to finish the project on time *☐fail to do(未能做)→例句：He failed to pass the exam because he was lazy.. *口expect to do(期望做)→例句：Ne expect to get a reply next week. *☐offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offered to carry the heavy box for me. *☐refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refused to accept the gift from him. *口seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer to the question. -特殊结构搭配（高中易错）： *口be+adj.+enough+todo(足够…去做)→例句：The girl is old enough to dress herself.. *口be+too+adj.+todo(太…而不能做)→例句：The problem is too difficult for me to solve. *☐It takes sb.some time to do sth.(花费某人时间做某事)→例句：It takes me an hour to walk to school every day. ·doing(动名词/现在分词) 一基础搭配拓展（高中必背）： *口admit doing(承认做)→例句：He admitted breaking the window. *☐appreciate doing(感激做)→例句：I appreciate your helping me *☐delay doing(推迟做)，例句：They delayed holding the meeting until next Monday. *☐deny doing(否认做)→例句：She denied stealing the money.. *口escape doing(逃脱做)→例句：He escaped being punished. *☐fancy doing(想要做)→例句：I fancy going for a walk in the park, *☐forgive doing(原谅做)→例句：She forgave him for being late. *☐imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon'? *口involve doing(选及做)→例句：The job involves traveling a lot. *口risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risked losing his life to save the child. -固定短语搭配（高中常考）： *☐be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading *口can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture. *☐devote oneself to doing(致力于做)→例句：She devotes herself to teaching. *口get used to doing(习惯于做)→例句：He got used to living in the countryside *口lead to doing(导致做)→例句：Smoking leads to getting ill, ·done(过去分词) 一作定语（高中核心）： *口单个过去分词作定语（置于名词前）→例句：a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子) *口过去分词短语作定语（置于名词后）→例句：the book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书)】 一作表语（高中必背）： *口be+done(表示状态)→例句：The door is closed.(门是关着的。) *口get+done(表示动作)→例句：He got hurt in the accident.(他在事故中受伤了。) 一作宾语补足语（高中常考）： *☐have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I had my hair cut yesterday.. *口get sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She got her bike repaired. *口keep sth.done(使某事保持被做的状态)→例句：Keep the door closed -作状语（高中易错）： *口表时间（相当于时间状语从句）→例句：Seen from the hill训,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看， 这座城市很美。) *·表原因（相当于原因状语从句）→例句：Tired,.he went to bed early..(因为累了，他很早就上床 睡觉了。)） *口表条件（相当于条件状语从句）→例句：Given more time,I can do it better.(如果给我更多时 间，我能做得更好。) *口表让步（相当于让步状语从句）→例句：Though beaten by the enemy,.they never gave up.(虽 然被敌人打败了，但他们从不放弃。) 必修2|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：动名词作主语和不定式作主语的辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断动作是抽象习惯性行为（用动名词）还是具体一次性行为（用不定式，常用t作形 式主语) ·真题1（语法填空）： --(learn)English well requires a lot of practice -答案：Learning解析：此处表示“学好英语”这一抽象行为，应用动名词作主语，learn的动名词形式 为Learning。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --is important for us-breakfast every day A.This;have B.It;to have C.That;having D.What;to have -答案：B解析：句中“每天吃早餐”是具体行为，且需要形式主语避免头重脚轻，应用“t+be+形 容词+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语是to have breakfast。 考法二：动名词与不定式作主语的辨析 ·核心：根据动作的抽象性/习惯性或具体性/一次性，选择动名词或不定式作主语 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(learn)English well requires patience and practice -答案：Learning解析：表示抽象的动作“学好英语”，用动名词作主语，learn的动名词形式为Learningo ·真题2（单项选择）： --to the concert tomorrow is a good chance for us to relax. A.Go B.Going C.Togo D.Gone 一答案：C解析：由时间标志词“tomorrow”可知，动作是具体的一次性行为，用不定式作主语，故选 C。 考法三：非谓语动词作主语、宾语及定语的综合辨析 ·核心：根据语境区分动名词和不定式作主语的用法差异，判断及物动词后接不定式还是动名词作宾语， 识别非谓语动词作定语时的位置及逻辑关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： --English well requires hard work,but she hopes_a top student in her class. A.Learning;becoming B.To learn;to become C.Learning;to become D.To learn;becoming 一答案：C解析：第一空需用动名词作主语表示习惯性行为，learn的动名词形式为Learning;第二空 hope后接不定式作宾语，结构为hope to do sth.,故填to become。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The teacher asked us to finish the_(read)task before class and prepare some-(write)materials about our hobbies -答案：reading written解析：第一空需用动名词作定语修饰task,表用途，read的动名词形式为reading; 第二空需用过去分词作定语修饰materials,.表被动关系，write的过去分词为written。 必修2|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语作主语妙招 主语动作看属性，抽象习惯用动名； 具体一次不定式，常配形式主语t; 时间标志是关键，tomorrow等提示明； 主谓宾定综合看，动名不定细辨清。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1._in the morning is good for your health. A.Run B.Running C.Torun D.Ran 2.It is necessary _enough sleep every day. A.get B.getting C.to get D.got 3.She decided_to the mountains for vacation next month A.go B.going C.to go D.goes 4.The teacher told us _noise in the library. A.not make B.not to make C.don't make D.not making 5.This story is worth_again. A.read B.toread C.reading D.reads 6.He triedthe problem,but he failed. A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 7.-the early bus,we started at 5 a.m. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 8.I have a lot of homework_tonight. A.do B.doing C.to do D.done 9.My father often encourages me_hard. A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied 10.He hurried home only_his key was missing A.find B.finding C.to find D.found 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.-(swim)is a popular sport in summer. 2.She hopes_(visit)her grandparents next weekend. 3.The children are looking forward to(play)in the park.