必修2 不定式做定语-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1不定式做定语 考频分析 不定式作定语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在以下题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响长难句理解）。在语法填空和 完形填空中，不定式作定语与名词的搭配及逻辑关系是解题的核心。 老查内容 高中英语对不定式做定语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构与位置：不定式(t和+动词原形)作定语时置于被修饰名词之后，逻辑上构成动宾或主谓关系； ·适用名词类型：常修饰表示“动作”“能力”“机会”等抽象名词（如ability,chance,plan,time)及序数 词、最高级修饰的名词； ·特殊用法：不及物动词作定语时需补充介词（如a room to live in),被动含义不定式可用主动形式表被 动（如something to eat)。 精讲精练 知识点一：不定式作定语的用法 ·1.基本结构（修饰名词/代词） -形式：to+动词原形（主动）；tobe+过去分词（被动，表将来） 一位置：通常置于被修饰词之后，作后置定语 -例句：口I have a lot of homework to do.(主动，修饰hom ework,表动作未发生)口She is the first student to be praised.(被动，修饰student,表将来被赞扬) ·2.常见搭配场景 一修饰抽象名词：ability(能力)、chance(机会)、decision(决定)、plan(计划) -例句：He has the ability to solve the problem.(修饰ability,表“解决问题的能力”) -修饰序数词/最高级：first(第一)入、ast(最后)、best(最好的) -例句：She was the last person to leave the room.(修饰person,表“最后一个离开的人”) -修饰不定代词：something(某事)、nothing(无事)、anyone(任何人) -例句：There is nothing to worry about.(修饰nothing,表“没什么可担心的事”) ·3.与被修饰词的逻辑关系 一主谓关系（被修饰词是不定式动作的执行者） -例句：He is always the first to arrive.(he是arrive的执行者) 一动宾关系（被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者） -例句：Please give me a pen to write with.(pen是write with的承受者，需加介词with使逻辑完整) 【即学即练】 1.【基本结构】不定式作定语的基本形式为（主动）： A.v-ing B.to+动词原形 C.动词过去式 D.动词过去分词 2.【位置】不定式作定语时，通常置于被修饰词的 3.【逻辑关系】He is the first to arrive.句中to arrive与person的逻辑关系是： A.主谓关系 B.动宾关系 C.修饰关系 D.并列关系 4.【搭配场景】下列哪个名词不属于不定式作定语常修饰的抽象名词？ A.ability B.chance C.book D.plan 5.【动宾关系】Please give me a pen to write with. 句中需加介词with的原因是： 必修2|英语」冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：不定式作定语的特殊用法及易错点 ·1.不定式作定语与被修饰词的逻辑关系延伸 1.介词不可省略的情况 一当不定式与被修饰词构成动宾关系且不定式为不及物动词时，必须补充介词使逻辑完整，常见搭配 如：a room to live in(Iive为不及物动词，需加介词in)、a pen to write with(write为不及物动词， 需加介词with) 一例句： -口She needs a piece of paper to draw on.(paper是draw on的承受者，加介个词on) -There is no chair to sit on in the classroom.(chair是sit on的承受者，加介词on) 2.主动表被动的特殊情况 -当不定式修饰的名词是ability,chance,opportunity,right等抽象名词时，不定式常用主动形式表被 动含义 一例句： -口He has the ability to solve the problem.(solve的动作由主语he发出，但此处主动形式表“解 决问题的能力”这一被动含义) -口Everyone has the right to be respected.(虽为被动含义，但此处用主动形式to be respected表 “被尊重的权利”) ·2.不定式作定语与分词作定语的区别 1.时间关系不同 一不定式作定语表将来未发生的动作；现在分词作定语表正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语表已完成 的动作 一例句： -口I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(to attend表将来要参加的会议) -口The girl reading a book is my sister..(reading表正在读书的女孩) -口The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(written表已完成的动作，书是被写的) 2.逻辑关系不同 一不定式与被修饰词是主谓或动宾关系；现在分词与被修饰词是主谓关系（主动）；过去分词与被修 饰词是动宾关系（被动） -例句： -口He is the first person to arrive.(to arrive与person是主谓关系，主动) -口The running boy is my brother.(running与boy是主谓关系，主动) -The broken window needs to be repaired.(broken与window是动宾关系，被动) ·3.不定式复合结构作定语 -形式：for sb.to do sth.,当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子主语时，需用or引出不定式的逻辑主语，置 于不定式之前 一例句： -口t's a good chance for us to learn English.(for us是to learn的逻辑主语，表“对我们来说学习英 语的机会”) -口There is no need for you to worry about it.(for you是to worry的逻辑主语，表“你没必要担心”) 知识点三：不定式作定语的高考高频考点及真题解析 ·1.复杂逻辑关系的判定与应用 -高考真题改编(2023·河北卷)： -The professor has a new theory_(explain)the origin of the universe. -A.to explain B.explaining C.explained D.explain -答案：A -解析：不定式作后置定语修饰theory,表“用于解释宇宙起源的理论”，二者为动宾关系(theory是 explain的逻辑宾语)，且动作未发生，故选A。B项现在分词表主动进行，C项过去分词表被动完成， 均不符合语境。 ·2.介词省略与否的高考陷阱题 -高考模拟题(2024●冀教版专项)： Please pass me the dictionary_(look up)new words -A.to look up B.to look it up C.to look up in D.to look up with -答案：C -解析：dictionary是look up的逻辑宾语，但look up为及物动词短语，“在词典中查单词”需完整表达 为look up new words in the dictionary,因此不定式后必须补充介词in,构成to look up in的正确结 构，故选C。A项缺少介词导致逻辑不完整，B项多宾语t,D项介词搭配错误。 ·3.与定语从句的转换技巧 -高考核心语法对比： -原句：He is the only student to win the national prize -转换为定语从句：He is the only student who wins/will win the national prize -规律总结：当不定式作定语修饰序数词、最高级或被oly,last等限定的名词时，可转换为关系代词 (who/that/which)+谓语动词（主动用现在时/将来时，被动用被动语态）的定语从句，二者均表未发 生的动作。 一例句对比： She has no chance to go abroad.-She has no chance that she will go abroad. This is the best way to solve the problem.-This is the best way that can solve the problem. 必修2|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：不定式作定语的逻辑关系判定 ·核心：判断不定式与被修饰词是主谓关系还是动宾关系，确定不定式的主动/被动形式及介词补充 ·真题1（语法填空）： We need a quiet room_(study)for the exam. 一答案：to study解析：room与study是动宾关系(room是study的逻辑宾语)，study为及物动词，无 需加介词，不定式主动形式表将来动作，故填to study。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Do you have a pen?I need to write a letter. A.to write B.writing C.to write with D.written -答案：C解析：pen与write是动宾关系，write为不及物动词，需补充介词with使逻辑完整(write with a pen),不定式作后置定语表功能，故选C。 考法二：逻辑关系与介词搭配综合考查 ·核心：判断不定式与被修饰词的动宾关系，确定不及物动词后是否需要补充介词及正确介词搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： We need a quiet place_(study)for the exam. -答案：to study in解析：place与study构成动宾关系，study为不及物动词，“在某地学习”需用介词 in,故填to study in。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -I have no pen_(write)the letter A.to write B.writing C.to write with D.written -答案：C解析：pen是write的逻辑宾语，write为不及物动词，“用钢笔写字”需加介词with,构成to write with的正确结构，故选C。A项缺少介词，B项现在分词表主动进行，D项过去分词表被动完成， 均不符合语境。 考法三：不定式作定语的综合逻辑关系与转换应用 ·核心：结合不定式与被修饰词的主谓动宾关系判定、介词补充规则及与定语从句的转换，综合考查语境 中不定式作定语的用法 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The scientist has developed a new device_(measure)air pollution,which will be put into use next month A.measuring B.to measure C.measured D.to be measured -答案：B -解析：不定式作后置定语修饰device,二者为动宾关系(device是measure的逻辑宾语)，且由"will be put into use next month'”可知动作未发生，需用主动形式表将来功能，measure为及物动词无需 加介词，故选B。A项现在分词表主动进行，C项过去分词表被动完成，D项被动不定式表将来被动， 均不符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -We need more volunteers_(take care))of the elderly in the community center.(提示：注意逻辑关系 及介词搭配) -答案：to take care -解析：不定式作后置定语修饰volunteers,二者为主谓关系(volunteers是take care of的逻辑主语)， take care of为固定短语，此处被修饰词volunteers作动作执行者，用主动形式to take care,无需补 充介词（因of的宾语为the elderly已明确），表"将要照顾老人的志愿者”。 必修2|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 定语判定妙招 主谓关系主动定，动宾关系看动形； 及物无需加介词，不及物后介个补充： 主谓主动无争议，动宾主动表功能； 不定式作后置定，将来动作主动明； 转换定语从句时，关系代词作宾省。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We need a big hall_the graduation ceremony. A.hold B.holding C.to hold D.held 2.She is the first woman_this international award A.win B.winning C.to win D.won 3.Please give me a knife-the apples. A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.to cut with 4.There is no time_for the meeting.We must leave now. A.lose B.losing C.to lose D.lost 5.This is the best way_the problem. A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 6.He has no chance_abroad next year. A.go B.going C.to go D.gone 7.I need a piece of paper_the address. A.write B.to write C.writing D.to write on 8.The last person_the room must turn off the lights. A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left 9.Is there anyone_this math problem? A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 10.We bought a new house _in next month. A.live B.living C.to live D.to live in 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I have a lot of work_(do)tonight 2.She needs a pen(write)the letter. 3.This is a good opportunity_(improve)your English. 4.He is looking for a room -(live)in. 5.We have no time_(waste)on computer games. 6.She was the first student_(arrive)at school this moming. 7.Please pass me a cloth-(clean)the table. 8.There is something_(eat)in the fridge. 9.He has the ability _(finish)the task alone 10.This is the last bus _(leave)the station today. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。* Dear friends Welcome to our school library!Here,you can find various resources to help you with your studies. First,we have a large collection of books_(read)for all subjects.There are also computers_(use)for research and online learning.Remember,the computers are only_(use)with a student ID. If you need help,our librarians are always the first_(assist)you.They can show you how to find books _(match)your interests.There is a quiet corner_(study)in,and you can also join our reading club _(meet)new friends. Don't forget,the library is a place_(respect)others.Please keep quiet and return books on time.We hope you enjoy your time here and make the most of the resources_(offer). Happy reading! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.C3.D4.C5.C6.C7.D8.C9.C10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.to do 2.to write with 3.to improve 4.to live 5.to waste 6.to arrive 7.to clean 8.to eat 9.to finish 10.to leave 演练三：语法填空 1.to read 2.to use 3.to use 4.to assist 5.to match 6.to study 7.to meet 8.to respect 9.to offer 必修2|英语|冀教版