必修1 定语从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1定语从句 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响长难句理解）。在语境理解 类题目中，定语从句的关系代词、关系副词选择及限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的指 代对象及句法功能辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系代词that的使用限制； ·特殊用法：”介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据，as引导定语从句的固定搭配(such.as、the same..as)及与which的区别。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 ·1.定义及构成（修饰名词代词，包含关系词+从句） 一核心要素：先行词（被修饰的名词代词）、关系词（连接主句和从句，代替先行词在从句中作成分） -例句：☐This is the book which I bought yesterday.(先行词the book,关系代词which在从句中作 宾语)口The girl who is standing there is my sister..(先行词the girl,.关系代词who在从句中作主语) ·2.关系代词的用法（指代人物，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主格/宾格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)→例句：口The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.(whom作met的宾语)☐This is the student whose mother is a doctor.(whose 作m other的定语) -指物：which(主格/宾格)、that(主格宾格，可指人/物)→例句：☐The house which stands on the hill is beautiful..(which作主语)口This is the pen that I lost.(that作宾语) ·3.关系副词的用法（指代时间地点原因，在从句中作状语） -常见关系副词：when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因)→例句：口I still remember the day when we first met.(when作时间状语，指代先行词the day)☐This is the city where I was born.(where 作地点状语，指代先行词the city)The reason why he was late is clear..(why作原因状语，指代先 行词the reason) ·4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（根据与先行词关系是否紧密划分） -限制性（不可省略，无逗号隔开）：例句：Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress?(从句不 可或缺，明确所指女孩) -非限制性（可省略，用逗号隔开，补充说明）：例句：My brother,who is a teacher,lives in Beijing.（从 句补充说明哥哥职业，去掉后主句仍完整) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句构成】定语从句的核心要素不包括以下哪一项？ A.先行词 B.关系词 C.连接词and D.从句 2.【关系代词用法】The boy _I talked to just now is my deskmate.此处应填的关系代词 为 (写出至少两种) 3.【关系副词用法】I don't know the reason_he left early.此处应填的关系副词是？ A.when B.where C.why D.which 4.【限制性与非限制性从句】判断句子类型：My father,who is a worker,,likes fishing. A.限制性定语从句 B.非限制性定语从句 C.同位语从句 D.强调句 5.【关系词功能】关系代词在定语从句中可以作 或定语，关系副词只能 作 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法及易错点 ·1.关系代词that与which的用法区别（适用情况与禁用规则） 1.that适用情况 -先行词为不定代词(al,everything,nothing,something等)→例句：Everything that he said is true.(that指代everything,在从句中作宾语) 一先行词被序数词、最高级修饰(first,best,most等)→例句：This is the first book that I read in English.(that指代book,被frst修饰) -先行词既指人又指物→例句：The writer and his novel that you mentioned are famous.(that同 时指代the writer和his novel) 2.which禁用情况（非限制性定语从句中只能用which)→例句：She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy.(which引导非限制性从句，指代前面整个主句内容) 3.固定结构中只用which(介词+关系代词)例句：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. (介词in后只能用which,不可用that) ·2.关系代词as的用法（引导限制性/非限制性从句） 1.固定搭配(such.as,the same.as)→例句：This is such a beautiful city as I have never seen before.(as引导限制性从句，与such搭配) 2.指代整个主句（非限制性，可放句首句中/句末）→例句：As we all know,English is very important.. (as指代主句内容，放句首，意为“正如”) 3.与which区别(as有“正如”含义，which无；as可放句首，which不可)→例句：He failed the exam,as/which was expected..(as可替换which,意为“正如预料") ·3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别（是否修饰先行词/是否作成分） 1.定语从句（修饰先行词，关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分）→例句：The news that he told me is true.(that代替先行词news在从句中作宾语，从句修饰news) 2.同位语从句（解释说明先行词内容，that仅起连接作用，不作成分）→例句：The news that he won the prize is true.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的具体内容，that不在从句中作成分) 3.区分技巧（先行词是否为抽象名词；that是否可省略）→例句：I have no idea that she will come. (idea为抽象名词，that引导同位语从句，不可省略) ·4.定语从句的省略现象（关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略） 1.关系代词作宾语省略→例句：The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting.(which/.that 在从句中作bought的宾语，可省略) 2.关系代词在介词后不可省略（介词+关系代词结构）→例句：The person to whom you spoke is my teacher.(whom作介词to的宾语，不可省略) 3.关系副词不可省略→例句：I still remember the day when we met..(when在从句中作时间状语，不 可省略) ·5.”介词+关系代词”结构（根据从句动词先行词搭配确定介词） 1.动词与介词搭配(look for,,talk about等)→例句：The girl whom he is looking for is my classmate (从句动词look for固定搭配，for可提前至whom前：The girl for whom he is looking..) 2.先行词与介词搭配(the key to,the reason for等)→例句：This is the key to which I referred just now.(先行词key与介词to搭配，to提前至which前) 3.介词+which/whom(不可用that/who)例句：He is a good student,.from whom we can learn a lot.(介词from后用whom,指代a good student) 知识点三：定语从句的进阶应用与综合练习 ·1.关系代词whose的灵活用法（修饰人物，表所属关系） 一基础用法拓展（高中常考）： *口指人（先行词为人，whose-+名词作定语）→例句：The boy whose father is a firefighter saved the girl.(whose修饰the boy,.指“男孩的父亲”") *口指物（先行词为物，whose+名词=of which+名词）→例句：This is the house whose windows face south.(whose windows=the windows of which,指“房子的窗户") *☐双重所有格转换(vhose+名词=of whom/which+名词)，例句：She has a friend whose brother is a pilot..(whose brother=-the brother of whom,指“月朋友的哥哥") 一特殊结构（高中易错)： *☐hose引导非限制性从句→例句：Our school,,whose library has over100,000 books,is very famous.(whose修饰our school,非限制性补充说明) *☐介词+whose+名词→例句：He lives in a room,the door of whose is painted red.(of whose door=whose door,.指“房间的门”) ·2.分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） -识别技巧（高中重点）： *口主谓分隔（先行词+谓语+从句）→例句：The days are gone when we had no computers.(先 行词the days与从句被are gone隔开) *口定语分隔（先行词+定语+从句）→例句：I met a girl in the park who was wearing a blue hat. (先行词a girl与从句被in the park隔开)】 *口解题关键（找准先行词，分析从句成分）→例句：The story is about a hero,the name of whom Ican't remember.(先行词a hero与从句被逗号和插入语隔开，whom指代hero) -高考真题重现(2023·全国甲卷)： *We visited the village last year._many ancient temples are well protected..(答、：where,先行 问the village与从句被last year隔开，where作地点状语) ·3.定语从句与强调句的区别（结构特征与转换） 一结构对比（高中必掌握）： *口定语从句（关系词代替先行词作成分，去掉从句后主句不完整）→例句：It is the room where I was born.(where引导定语从句，先行词the room作从句地点状语) *口强调句(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，去掉It is/was.that后句子完整)→例句：t was in this room that I was born.(强调in this room,去掉It was..that后为I was born in this room, 句子完整) 一区分方法（高中易错）： *口还原法（将It is/was..that去掉，看是否为完整句子）→例句：It is the book_.I bought yesterday.. (若为定语从句填that/which,若为强调句填that,还原后The book I bought yesterday.不完整，故 为定语从句) *口先行词判断（定语从句必有先行词，强调句无先行词）→例句：It was2008_the Olympics were held in Beijing.(先行词2008，填when引导定语从句；若为强调句则为It was in2008that..) ·4.混合考点综合练习（高中语法填空改错常考） 一语法填空专项： *☐This is the best film_I have ever seen.(答案：that,先行词被best修饰，只能用that) *口He failed the exam,surprised all of us.(答案：which,非限制性从句指代主句内容) *口The girl_you talked to just now is my cousin.(答案：whom/who/that,关系代词作宾语可省略) 一短文改错专项： *口I will never forget the day when we spent together.(改错：when-that/which或去掉when,spent 缺宾语，用关系代词) *口As is known to all that English is a global language..(改错：As→lt或去掉that,It is known that.. 为固定句型，as引导从句时去掉hat) *口The reason why he gave was unreasonable.(改错：无误，why引导定语从句，先行词reason 在从句中作gave的宾语，可用that/which代替why) 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 老法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 ·核心：根据先行词特征及从句类型，判断关系代词that与which的正确使用（适用情况与禁用规则） ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the best movie_I have ever watched. 一答案：that解析：先行词movie被最高级best修饰，根据知识点二规则，先行词被最高级修饰时只能 用that。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -She passed the driving test,_made her parents very proud. A.that B.which C.who D.what 一答案：B解析：逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，根据知识点二规则，非限制 性定语从句中只能用which,.不能用that。 老法二：关系代词that与vhich的用法区别及分隔式定语从句综合应用 ·核心：结合先行词特征（如不定代词、序数词修饰等）判断关系代词that/which的选用，并识别分隔式 定语从句中被隔开的先行词与从句成分 ·真题1（语法填空）： -All the books_you lent me last week are very interesting,some of_I have finished reading -答案：that;which解析：第一空先行词为不定代词all,只能用that;第二空为非限制性定语从句，指 代books且前有介词of,只能用which。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -We finally found the old templeroof was damaged in the storm_we had been looking for for years. A.whose;which B.which;that C.that;where D.whose;where -答案：A解析：第一空先行词temple与roof为所属关系，用whose;第二空先行词temple与从句 被"roof was damaged in the storm”隔开，从句中looking for缺宾语，用which/that,,选项中A符合。 考法三：定语从句的综合运用与易混句型辨析 ·核心：结合关系代词副词的选择、限制性与非限制性从句的区分，以及与强调句、同位语从句的辨析， 准确判断从句类型并选择恰当连接词 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The professor and his achievement_we heard about yesterday are admired by all of us. A.which B.that C.who D.whom -答案：B解析：先行词既指人(the professor)又指物(his achievement),关系代词只能用that,在 从句中作about的宾语。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -As is known to all,the library_we often study was built in 1990,_makes it one of the oldest buildings on campus -答案：where;which解析：第一空先行词the library表地点，从句中study为不及物动词，需用where 作地点状语；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，用which。 解题小妙招 that which虽近义，用法区别要牢记； 先行词有最高级，不定代词或序数， 既有人来又有物，只能用that莫迟疑； 逗号隔开非限制，指代主句整内容， 介词之后引从句，which登场最适宜； 分隔定语找先行，主从相隔莫慌急， 成分分析是关键，缺主宾用that/which, 所属关系用whose,地点状语where替。 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the museum _we visited last summer. A.where B.which C.who D.whose 2.The girl_father is a doctor wants to study medicine. A.whom B.which C.whose D.who 3.I still remember the day_we first met at the school gate A.when B.that C.which D.where 4.He passed the exam,_made his parents very proud. A.that B.which C.who D.as 5.This is the best film_I have ever seen in my life. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 6.The reason _he was absent from class is still unknown. A.why B.which C.when D.where 7.We met a girl in the park_was wearing a red coat. A.which B.whom C.she D.who 8.It is the room_I was born 20 years ago. A.that B.where C.which D.when 9.Allhe said at the meeting was recorded carefully. A.which B.what C.that D.who 10.The storybook_cover is blue belongs to my sister. A.which B.whose C.who D.that 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man__you met at the party is my uncle. 2.This is the city_I grew up with my grandparents. 3.She has a collection of stamps,some of_are from foreign countries. 4.The book_I borrowed from the library last week is very interesting. 5.We will never forget the time_we spent together in the countryside. 6.The reason _he refused the invitation is not clear 7.This is the first English song_I learned by heart. 8.My brother,_works in a hospital,will come to visit us next month. 9.The house_windows face south gets plenty of sunlight. 10._is known to all,practice makes perfect. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。* I live in a small town-(1)has a long history.There is an old temple in the center of the town_(2)was built 300 years ago.Many tourists visit it every year,most of_(3)come to admire its ancient architecture. Last year,I met an architect_(4)specialty is restoring old buildings.He told me about a project_(5)aim was to protect the temple.We spent three months working on it,during_(6)we discovered many hidden paintings on the walls.The paintings,-(7)were in bright colors,showed scenes from local history. The temple_(8)we restored has now become a symbol of the town.People often say it is the most beautiful building_(9)they have ever seen.-(10)is often the case,teamwork played an important role in this success. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.A7.D8.B9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.whom /who/that(或省略)2.where3.which4.which/that(或省略)5.which/that(或省略) 6.why 7.that 8.who 9.whose 10.As 演练三：语法填空 1.which/that 2.which/that 3.whom 4.whose 5.whose 6.which 7.which 8.which/that 9.that 10.As 必修1|英语|冀教版