选修4 主动表被动用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中选修4系列资料（人教版） Chapter1主动表被动用法 考频分析 主动表被动用法是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在以下题型中：单项 选择(1题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)。在语境理解类题目中，主动形式表达被动含义的特 殊用法及适用语境往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主动表被动用法的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法规则与语境应用： ·感官动词主动表被动：look,sound,smell,taste,feel等接形容词时的用法及语境判断； ·不及物动词主动表被动：open,close,read,write,sell,wash等与副词搭配时的主谓关系辨析； ·固定结构主动表被动：be worth doing,need/want/require doing等句型的结构识别与应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：主动表被动用法 ·1.不及物动词表被动（动词本身含被动含义） -常见动词：sell(销售)、wash(洗)、write(写)、read(读)→特点：主语为物，描述性质或状态 -例句：口This kind of cloth washes easily..(布料易洗，主动形式表被动含义)口The book sells well.. (书畅销，无需被动语态) ·2.感官动词/系动词+adj.表被动 -常见搭配：look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来)+形容词→主语为物 时隐含被动 -例句：口The dish tastes delicious.(菜被品尝起来美味，主动形式表被动感受)口The door seems locked.(门似乎被锁了，主动系动词+过去分词表被动状态) ·3.need/want/require+doing表被动（仁to be done) 一用法：主语为物时，表达“需要被.” 一例句：口The room needs cleaning.(房间需要被打扫，doing主动形式表被动意义)口The machine requires repairing..(机器需要被修理，=to be repaired) ·4.主动语态表被动意义的固定搭配 -常见短语：take place(发生)、break out(爆发)、come about(产生)→无被动语态，主动形式表 客观发生 -例句：口The accident happened yesterday.(事故被发生，用主动语态表被动事件)口Great changes have taken place in China.(变化被发生，主动形式表被动结果) 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中选修4系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：被动语态的特殊结构与易错点 ·1.情态动词的被动语态（含推测与必要性）》 -口常用情态动词 *can(能/会)、may(可以可能)、must(必须一定)、should(应该)、need(需要)、have to(不 得不) -·结构公式 *情态动词+be+动词过去分词 一口例句对比 *主动：You must finish the task today.(你今天必须完成任务) *被动：The task must be finished today.(任务今天必须被完成) *主动：e should protect wild animals.(我们应该保护野生动物) *被动：Wild animals should be protected.(野生动物应该被保护) -口易错提示 *need作为情态动词时被动结构：need be done(如：The work need be done now.);作为实义动 词时：need to be done(如：The work needs to be done now.) ·2.感官动词的被动还原（主动省tovs被动还原to) -口核心规则 *主动句中感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice/make等)后接不带to的不定式，被动句中必须还原to 一口对比示例 *主动：I saw her enter the room.(我看见她进了房间，省to) *被动：She was seen to enter the room.(她被看见进了房间，还原to) *主动：The teacher made him rewrite the composition.(老师让他重写作文，省to) *被动：He was made to rewrite the composition.(他被要求重写作文，还原to) -口高考真题重现 *(2023·全国乙卷)The children were observed_(play)in the garden.(答案：to play) ·3.双宾语结构的被动转换（直接宾语间接宾语作主语） 一口结构类型 *类型A:主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（人+物) ·主动：ly father bought me a new bike.(我爸爸给我买了辆新自行车) ·被动1（人作主语）：I was bought a new bike by my father. 被动2（物作主语）：A new bike was bought for me by my father..(需加介词for) *类型B:主语+动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语（物+介词+人） ·主动：He sent a letter to his mother.(他寄了封信给他妈妈) ·被动1（人作主语）：His mother was sent a letter by him 被动2（物作主语）：A letter was sent to his mother by him.(保留介词to) -口常考动词 *需加to的动词：gve(给)、show(展示)、send(发送)、pass(传递)；需加for的动词：buy(买)、 cook(烹饪)、make(制作)、fetch(取) ·4.短语动词的被动保留（不可拆分介词/副词） 一口固定搭配特性 *动词+介词/副词构成的短语动词（如look after/take care of/put up with),被动时必须保留完整结 构 -口经典案例 *主动：Ne should take good care of the elderly.(我们应该好好照顾老人) *被动：The elderly should be taken good care of..(老人应该被好好照顾，of不可省略) *主动：They have put off the meeting until Friday..(他们把会议推迟到周五) *被动：The meeting has been put off until Friday..(会议已被推迟到周五，of不可省略) -口高考高频短语 *cut down(砍倒)、set up(建立)、look forward to(期待)、pay attention to(注意)、deal with(处 理) ·5.无被动语态的特殊情况（语法禁区） -口不及物动词/短语 *appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、happen(发生)、occur(发生)、take place(发生)、come true(实现) *例句：Great changes have taken place in our city.(不可说：Great changes have been taken place) -口系动词类 *look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来) *例句：The soup tastes delicious.(不可说：The soup is tasted delicious.) 一口表示状态的动词 *have(拥有)、own(拥有)、possess(占有)、contain(包含)、cost(花费) *例句：This book costs20yuan.(不可说：20 yuan is cost by this book.) 知识点三：非谓语动词的被动形式与主动表被动对比 ·1.to be done(不定式被动式) 一基础用法（表被动将来）： *口需要被做的动作（含情态动词） *例句：The problem remains to be solved.(问题有待被解决) *口序数词后的被动 *例句：She was the first woman to be elected president..(她是首位被选为总统的女性) *口固定句型：be said to be done *例句：The temple is said to be built in the Ming Dynasty..(据说这座寺庙建于明代) 一高考易错点： *主动表被动：sth.is+adj.+todo(如：The question is easy to answer.问题容易被回答)需与to be done☒分（如：The question needs to be answered.) ·2.being done(现在分词被动式) 一用法场景： *口正在被进行的动作（作定语状语） *作定语：The building being built is our new library.(正在被建的大楼是我们的新图书馆) *作状语：Being criticized by the teacher,.he felt upset..(被老师批评时，他感到难过) *口介词后的被动 *例句：He insisted on being invited to the party.(他坚持要被激清参加派对) *对比主动式：He insisted on inviting us to the party.(他坚持邀请我们参加派对) ·3.done(过去分词) 一功能与搭配： *口定语（表完成被动）》 *单个分词：a broken window(一扇被打破的窗户) *分词短语：the novel written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的小说) *口表语（状态被动） *例句：The door is locked.(门被锁了)/The glass is broken.(杯子碎了) *口宾补（被动动作） *常见动词：have,make,get,see,hear,find *例句：I had my bike repaired yesterday.(我昨天让人修了自行车) *We saw the thief caught by the police.(我们看见小偷被警察抓住了) -与主动表被动对比： *The cloth washes easily..(主动表性质)vs The cloth needs to be washed.(被动表动作) ·4.主动表被动与非谓语被动的交叉应用 -易混结构对比： *口need doing(主动表被动)=need to be done(非谓语被动) *例句：The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired. *口be worth doing(主动表被动) *例句：The book is worth reading.(这本书值得被读) *口形容词+不定式主动表被动 *常见形容词：easy,difficult,hard,heay,light,.fit *例句：The box is easy to carry.(箱子容易被搬) *The problem is difficult to solve.(问题难被解决) -高考真题陷阱： *(2022●全国甲卷)The film is reported_(win)several awards.(答案：to have won,主动表完成， 非被动) *(2021●新高考I卷)_(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful..(答案： Seen,过去分词表被动) 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中选修4系列资料（人教版） 考法一：主动表被动的用法辨析 ·核心：根据动词类型、主语性质及固定搭配，判断是否使用主动形式表达被动含义 ·真题1（语法填空）： This kind of shirt_(sell)well in our store because of its good quality. -答案：sels解析：主语"this kind of shirt”为物，动词"sel"在此表示主语的性质（畅销），符合知识点 一”不及物动词表被动”用法，用主动形式sells。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -The machine_repairing right now,or it will stop working soon. A.need B.needs C.is needed D.needed -答案：B解析：主语"the machine”为物，表达”需要被修理”时，"need”作为实义动词，后接doing表 被动(=to be repaired),符合知识点一"need/want/require+doing”用法；主语为三单，谓语动词用 needs. 考法二：主动表被动与非谓语被动转换 ·核心：区分主动形式表被动意义的固定搭配与非谓语动词被动形式的适用场景，掌握need/want/require doing与to be done的转换规则 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The old bridge requires-(repair)immediately to ensure safety. -答案：repairing解析：主语为物，require后接doing表被动含义，相当于to be repaired,故填repairing。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The machine needs-before it can be used again. A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleaned -答案：B解析：need作为实义动词，主语为物时需用doing或to be done表被动，此处只有cleaning 符合主动表被动结构，故选B。 考法三：主动表被动与被动语态的综合辨析 ·核心：结合语境区分主动表被动用法、非谓语被动形式及被动语态的特殊结构，准确判断动词的语态形 式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The old bridge_next month,so we have to take a detour these days.It-well for over 50 years. A.will be rebuilt;has been worked B.is being rebuilt;worked B.will be rebuilt;has worked D.is rebuilt;works -答案：C解析：第一空“桥被重建”需用被动语态，由“next month”可知用一般将来时被动语态“will be rebuilt'”;第二空“桥运行良好”中“wok”为不及物动词，主动形式表被动含义（主语为物，描 述状态)，且“for over50 years”提示用现在完成时“has worked”,无需被动。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The meeting room needs_(clean)before the guests arrive.It is said that the decision_(make) at yesterday's meeting will affect our company's future. -答案：cleaning/to be cleaned;made解析：第一空“need doing”表被动(=need to be done),故填 “cleaning”或“to be cleaned”;第二空“decision”与“make”为被动关系，用过去分词“made” 作后置定语，表“被做出的决定”，此处非谓语被动形式与be said to..”结构（主动表被动含义）结 合考查。 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中选修4系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This kind of fruit _good andwell in summer. A.tastes;sells B.is tasted;is sold B.tastes;is sold D.is tasted;sells 2.The house_now because of the heavy rain. A.needs repairing B.needs to repair B.is needed repairing D.needs be repaired 3.A new hospital_in our town next year,and it_many patients soon. A.will build:treats B.will be built;will treat B.is built;is treating D.is being built;treats 4.The door _locked,but I remember_it when I left. A.seems;to close B.seems;closing B.is seemed;closing D.is seeming;to close 5.Your homework-before class,or you will be punished. A.must finish B.must be finished B.must have finished D.must to be finished 6.The story_interestingly,so itby many teenagers. A.is told;reads B.tells;is read B.is told;is read D.tells;reads 7.The problem_at the meeting yesterday,but no decision-_yet. A.discussed;was made B.was discussed;has been made B.was discussed;was made D.discussed;has been made 8.The teacher noticed him_in class,and he_to stand up. A.sleep;was made B.sleeping;made B.sleeping;was made D.sleep;made 9.Great changes_in our city since 2010,and more parks _next year. A.took place;will build B.have taken place;will be built B.were taken place;are built D.have been taken place;will be built 10.The novel is worth_,but it_in the library now. A.reading;isn't found B.to read;isn't found B.reading;isn't being found D.to read;isn't being found 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This silk dress_(feel)soft and comfortable 2.The meeting room_(need)cleaning before the guests arrive. 3.A new bridge_(build)over the river now. 4.The cake_(taste)better if you add more sugar. 5.The work_(must finish)by Friday,or we will miss the deadline. 6.The accident(happen)suddenly,so no one could stop it. 7.He was seen(enter)the building at 9 p.m.last night 8.The old temple_(say)to have been built in the Tang Dynasty. 9.The machine_(require)repairing after working for 10 hours. 10.The problem _(solve)soon if we work together. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） With the development of technology,online shopping has become a common part of daily life.Many people prefer shopping online because it 1.(save)time and money.However,some problems also 2.-_(arise).For example,products with poor quality are often 3.-(sell)at low prices. Last week,I bought a phone case online.When it arrived,I found the color 4.(differ)from the picture.I wanted to return it,but the seller said the case 5.(use)already and refused to give a refund.I felt angry and decided to complain to the customer service center. The customer service officer told me that such issues 6.-(handle)properly within three days.She also reminded me that online shoppers 7.-(protect)by law.Two days later,the seller agreed to send me a new case,which 8.-(deliver)yesterday. This experience taught me that while online shopping 9.-(bring)convenience,we should also be careful. Products that 10.-(look)too good to be true may hide risks. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.A3.C4.B5.B6.D7.B8.C9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.feels 2.needs 3.is being built 4.will taste 5.must be finished 6.happened 7.to enter 8.is said 9.requires 10.will be solved 演练三：语法填空 1.saves 2.arise 3.sold 4.differed 5.had been used