选修3 定语从句综合复习-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（人教版） Chapter1定语从句综合复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语法类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的选择、定语从句的省略及嵌套结构往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）入、语义差异及关系代词tht的使用限制； ·特殊用法：“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据，as引导定语从句的固定搭配(such.as、the same..as)及与which的区别。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 ·基本构成（先行词+关系词+从句）】 -先行词：被修饰的名词代词（人物时间地点/原因） 一关系词：连接主句和从句，指代先行词并在从句中作成分 *关系代词：who(指人，作主语/宾语)、whom(指人，作宾语)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、that (指人物，作主语/宾语)、whose(指人物，作定语) *关系副词：when(指时间，作状语)、where(指地点，作状语入why(指原因，作状语) -例句：口This is the girl who helped me.(who指人，作从句主语)The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.(which指物，作从句宾语) ·限制性定语从句（修饰先行词，不可或缺） 一特点：无逗号隔开，去掉后主句意思不完整 -例句：口I like the students who work hard.(修饰students,说明是“努力的学生”)口This is the factory where my father works.(修饰factory,说明是“父亲工作的工厂”) ·非限制性定语从句（补充说明先行词，可省略） 一特点：有逗号隔开，去掉后主句意思仍完整；不可用tht引导，关系代词作宾语时不可省略 -例句：My brother,who is a doctor,lives in Beijing.(补充说明brother的职业)口The Great Wall, which is one of the wonders,attracts millions of visitors..(补充说明Great Wall的属性) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句构成】下列选项中，不属于定语从句关系代词的是？ A.who B.where C.which D.that 2.【限制性与非限制性定语从句】判析：非限制性定语从句▣以用tht导（对/错）： 3.【关系词功能】在句子“The girl_I met yesterday is my classmate.”中，空格处应填的关系代词是？ A.who B.whom C.whose D.where 4.【非限制性定语从句】改写句子：My sister is a teacher..She lives in Shanghai.(用非限制性定语从句 合并) 5.【关系副词用法】先行词为“the park”且从句中缺少地点状语时，应使用的关系副词是 选修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法及易错点 ·关系代词的省略规则 1.当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略 -例句：口The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting.(which/that作bought的宾语，可 省略)☐The girl(whom/who/that)he helped is my sister.(whom/who/that作helped的宾语，可 省略) 2.关系代词作主语、非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略 -例句：口The student who is standing there is from Class1.(who作主语，不可省略)My brother, whom you met last week,is a teacher.(whom在非限制性从句中作宾语，不可省略) ·that与which的用法区别 1.只能用that的情况 -先行词是不定代词(al,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等) -例句：Everything that he said is true..(先行词everything是不定代词，用that) -先行词被序数词(frst,second..)、形容词最高级(best,worst..)或the only,the very,the same 修饰 -例句：This is the first book that I bought in this shop.(先行词被序数词first修饰，用that) 一先行词既指人又指物 -例句：Ve talked about the teachers and schools that we visited.(先行词teachers和schools既 指人又指物，用that) 2.只能用which的情况 -引导非限制性定语从句 -例句：The factory,which is in the east of the city,produces cars.(非限制性定语从句，用which) 一关系代词前有介词 -例句：This is the house in which he lived last year.(介词in后用which,不可用that) ·whose的用法及转换 1.whose表示“…的”，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语 -例句：口This is the girl whose father is a doctor..(whose指人，修饰father,意为“女孩的父亲") 口I have a book whose cover is red.(whose指物，修饰cover,意为“书的封面") 2.whose可转换为“of which”(指物)或“of whom”(指人) -例句：I have a book the cover of which is red..(=whose cover)☐This is the girl the father of whom is a doctor.(whose father) ·关系副词与关系代词的替换 1.when与“介词+which”的替换（先行词是时间） -I still remember the day when I first came here.(I still remember the day on which I first came here. 2.where与“介词+which”的替换（先行词是地点） -This is the school where I studied.(This is the school in which I studied.) 3.why与“介词+which”的替换（先行词是reason) -The reason why he was late is clear.(The reason for which he was late is clear. ·as引导的定语从句 1.用于the same..as,such.as结构中，as指代先行词，在从句中作成分 -例句：口This is the same book as I read last week.(as指物，作read的宾语)口She is such a kind girl as everyone likes.(as指人，作likes的宾语) 2.s引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可位于句首、句中或句末 -例句：口As we all know,the earth is round.(as指代“the earth is round”,位于句首)口He failed the exam,as was expected.(as指代“he failed the exam”,位于句末) ·分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） 一特点：先行词与定语从句之间有插入语或其他修饰成分 -例句：☐The girl is my sister who is wearing a red dress.(先行词girl与从句who is wearing a red dress被is my sister隔开)口I met a man yesterday in the park who is a famous writer..(先行词man 与从句who is a famous writer被yesterday in the park隔开) 知识点三：定语从句与其他从句的区分及综合运用 ·定语从句与同位语从句的区分 一核心区别：定语从句修饰先行词（限定/补充说明），同位语从句解释先行词内容（等价关系） -例句： *定语从句：The news that he told me is true.(that作told的宾语，从句修饰news“他告诉我的消 息”) *同位语从句：The news that our team won is true.(that仅起连接作用，从句解释news内容“我 们队赢了”) ·定语从句与状语从句的区分 一关键判断：定语从句有先行词，从句修饰名词代词；状语从句无先行词，修饰动词句子 一例句： *定语从句：'ll never forget the day when we met.(when修饰先行词day,表“我们相遇的那天") *状语从句：'‖call you when I arrive.(when引导时间状语从句，无先行词，表“当我到达时”) ·定语从句与强调句的区分 -强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分（去掉It is/was..that后句子仍完整） 一例句： *强调句：It was in20o0 that we moved here.(去掉twas..that后为Ve moved here in2000”, 完整) *定语从句：It was the year when we moved here.(when引导从句修饰year,“我们搬来的那一年") ·综合填空专项训练（高考难度）】 1.The house_door faces south was built in1990.(whose,先行词house与door为所属关系) 2.This is the best film_I have ever seen.(that,先行词被最高级best修饰) 3.Lis known to al,English is a global language.(As,引导非限制性定语从句指代主句内容) 4.The reason-he was absent was_he was ill..(why;that,第一空whyl导定语从句，第二空that 引导表语从句) ·句式转换专项训练（高考易错） 1.改写：He lives in a house.Its windows face north. --He lives in a house whose windows face north.the windows of which face north) 2.改写：She bought a dictionary.She paid1o0 yuan for it. -→She bought a dictionary for which she paid1O0yuan.(介词for提前，先行词dictionary作宾 语) ·高考真题改编题（语法填空） 1.China has hundreds of islands,the largest of._Lis Taiwan.(which,非限制性定语从句，先行词islands 指物) 2.We're talking about the piano and the pianist_were in the concert.(that,先行词既指物又指人) 3.He is such a good teacher_everyone respects..(as,such.as结构，as在从句中作respects的宾 语) 4.The book was written by Mark Twain,_is a famous American writer..(who,非限制性定语从句，指 代先行词Mark Twain) 选修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（人教版） 老法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 ·核心：根据先行词特点及从句类型，判断使用that还是which引导定语从句 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the first book_I have read this month. 一答案：that解析：先行词被序数词frst修饰，根据知识点二“只能用hat的情况”中“先行词被序数 词修饰”的规则，此处用that引导定语从句。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The factory,is located in the west of the city,produces mobile phones. A.that B.which C.who D.where -答案：B解析：逗号表明是非限制性定语从句，根据知识点二“只能用which的情况”中“引导非限 制性定语从句”的规则，此处用which引导，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。 考法二：定语从句与强调句的区分 ·核心：通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系，区分定语从句（修饰先行词）与强调句（强调特定成分，去掉t is/was..that后句子完整) ·真题1（语法填空）： It was the factory_his father worked that I visited yesterday. -答案：where解析：本句为强调句结构"'It was+被强调部分(the factory)+that+其余部分”，被强 调部分”the factory”后接定语从句修饰，先行词factory表示地点，从句中worked为不及物动词，需 用关系副词where作地点状语。 ·真题2（单项选择）： It was in the park_we met last week_Tom lost his wallet. A.where;that B.that;where C.which;that D.where;which -答案：A解析：第一空we met last week”为定语从句修饰先行词park,先行词表地点且从句中met 为不及物动词，用where作地点状语；第二空构成强调句结构"t was...that.”,强调地点状语"in the park”,故第二空用that。 考法三：定语从句与其他从句的区分及关系词综合运用 ·核心：结合定语从句的构成、特殊用法及与同位语从句、状语从句的差异，准确判断从句类型并选择合 适的关系词 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The fact _he succeeded in the exam made his parents happy. A.that B.which C.when D.where -答案：A解析：从句“he succeeded in the exam”解释先行词“fact”的具体内容，二者为等价关系， 是同位语从句，hat仅起连接作用，不充当成分。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -We should do all_we can to protect the environment.(提示：t填关系代词) -答案：tht解析：先行词“a”是不定代词，根据知识点二，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词只能 用that,且that在从句中作can(do)的宾语。 选修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 that which辨先行，序数不定只用that; 逗号隔开非限定，which登场不含糊； 强调句型有特点，去掉it be that仍完整； 定语从句修饰先，关系副词表状地时； 同位语从句解内容，that连接不充当； 综合运用看结构，成分关系是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 2.The girl-you met in the library yesterday is my classmate. A.which B.whom C.whose D.where 3.We visited the village Lu Xun was born. A.where B.which C.that D.when 4.He failed the exam,-was expected by his teacher. A.that B.which C.as D.where 5.The reason _he was late for school was that he missed the bus. A.why B.which C.when D.where 6.It was in the room_we had a meeting yesterday_the accident happened. A.where;that B.that;where C.which;that D.where;which 7.This is the same dictionary _I lost last week. A.which B.as C.that D.whose 8.The young man_is standing at the door is my brother. A.whom B.which C.who D.where 9.She has two sons,both of_work as doctors. A.whom B.which C.that D.who 10.The news_our team won the game made everyone excited. A.which B.that C.when D.where 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The book __cover is blue was written by my father. 2.I still remember the day_I first came to this school. 3.This is the only museum-we visited last year. 4.He introduced me to his friend,_is a famous scientist. 5.The house _he lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 6.We should help those_are in trouble 7.This is such an interesting story_everyone wants to read it. 8.The reason _he refused the offer is not clear. 9.She bought a new bike,price is over 1,000 yuan. 10._is known to all,practice makes perfect. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Do you know the girl 1_is sitting under the tree?She is Mary,a student from America 2-parents work in China.Mary loves reading books,especially those 3_are about Chinese history.Last week,she borrowed a book from the library 4_tells the story of Confucius.The book,5_was published in 2020, has helped her learn a lot about ancient China. Mary also enjoys visiting historical places.Last month,she went to Qufu,6-Confucius was born.There, she visited the temple 7-Confucius used to teach his students.She said the trip was the most unfor- gettable experience 8-she had ever had. Mary hopes to learn more about Chinese culture,and she believes the day 9_she can speak fluent Chinese will come soon.10_we all know,with hard work,nothing is impossible. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.whose 2.when 3.that 4.who 5.where 6.who 7.as 8.why 9.whose 10.As 演练三：语法填空 1.who 2.whose 3.that 4.which/that 5.which 6.where 7.where 8.that 9.when 10.As 选修3|英语|人教版