必修3 6种进阶时态及被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） Chapter16种进阶时态及被动语态 考频分析 6种进阶时态及被动语态是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确 性与语态合理性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、语态的动作承受关系判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对6种进阶时态及被动语态的考察聚焦结构特征与语境运用： ·进阶时态：过去完成时(had+过去分词)、过去进行时(was/were+doing)、现在进行时(am/is/are+ doing)、将来进行时(will be+doing)、将来完成时(will have+过去分词)、现在完成进行时(have/has been+doing)的构成规则与时间状语匹配； ·被动语态：各时态被动结构的转换（如一般现在时am/is/are+done、一般过去时was/were+done、现 在完成时have/has been+done等)及语境中主动与被动的意义辨析。 精讲精练 知识点一：6种进阶时态及被动语态 ·1.现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） -构成：have/has+过去分词 -例句：☐I have lived here for10 years.(持续到现在的状态)口She has finished her homework.(过 去动作对现在的影响) ·2.过去完成时（表过去某一时间前已完成的动作） -构成：had+过去分词 -例句：口hen I arrived,the party had already started.(过去动作之前完成)口She said she had seen the movie before.(间接语中过去完成时) ·3.将来完成时（表将来某一时间前将完成的动作） -构成：will have+过去分词 -例句：☐By next month,I will have finished this project.(将来某时前完成)They will have lived here for20 years by then.(持续到将来某时) ·4.现在完成进行时（表从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） -构成：have/has been+现在分词 -例句：口I have been studying English for2 hours.(持续进行中)She has been waiting for you since morning.(动作仍在持续) ·5.过去完成进行时（表过去某时前持续进行的动作） -构成：had been+现在分词 -例句：口He was tired because he had been working all day.(过去持续动作)口They had been talking for an hour before I came.(过去某时前持续) ·6.将来进行时（表将来某一时间正在进行的动作） -构成：will be+现在分词 -例句：口I will be watching TV at8p.m.tomorrow.(将来某时正在进行)口They will be traveling to Paris this time next week.(将来进行的动作) ·7.被动语态（强调动作承受者，动作执行者用by引出） -构成：be+过去分词(be随时态变化) -例句：口The book was written by Lu Xun.(一般过去时被动)☐The project will be finished next month. (将来时被动)口This house has been built for5 years.(现在完成时被动) 【即学即练】 1.【现在完成时】I_(live)in this city for8 years. 2.【过去完成时】When she got to the station,the train_((leave)already,. 3.【被动语态】The letter_(write)by my father yesterday. A.is written B.was written C.will be written D.has been written 4.【将来进行时】At9a.m.tomorrow,we_(have)a meeting. A.will have B.will be having C.have D.are having 5.【现在完成进行时】She_(wait)for you since2o'clock.(用正确时态填空) 必修3|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·1.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） 1.时间标志词 -tomorrow(明天)、next week/m onth/year(下周/月年)、in the future(在未来)、soon(很快)、 in three days(三天后) 2.主动语态 -结构：口主语+will+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 一例句： *☐We will hold a party next Friday..(wil+原形hold) *☐She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow.(主语三单，用is going to+原形buy) 3.被动语态 -结构：口主语+will be+动词过去分词口主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 一例句： *口A party will be held by us next Friday.(will be+hold的过去分词held) *☐A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow.(is going to be+buy的过去分词bought) ·2.过去进行时（过去某个时刻时间段正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+一般过去时 句子（如hen he came in) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数I三单用was,复数用were) 一例句： *口She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.(三单主语，用was+watching) *☐He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang..(三单主语，用was+reading;rang是 般过去时) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行”，过 去分词体现“被动”) 一例句： *口TV was being watched by her at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+watch的过去 分词watched) *口A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang.(主语单数，用was being+read 的过去分词read) ·3.将来完成时（将来某一时间前将完成的动作） 1.时间标志词 -by+将来时间点（如by next month、by2026)、by the end of+将来时间（如by the end of this year) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词 一例句： By next summer,I will have graduated from high school.(will have+graduated) *They will have learned 2000 words by the end of this term.(will have+learned) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词 -例句： The project will have been completed by next Friday.(will have been+completed) *All the tasks will have been finished by the time you arrive.(will have been+finished) ·4.过去完成进行时（过去某时前持续进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -for+过去时间段（如for3 hours)、before+过去时句子（如before she left)、until+过去时间 until 5 p.m.yesterday) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词 -例句： *She was tired because she had been working all day.(had been+working They had been waiting for the bus for an hour before it arrived.(had been+waiting;arrived 是一般过去时) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词 -例句： *The house had been being built for two years before it was stopped.(had been being+built) The problem had been being discussed for hours before they reached an agreement.(had been being+discussed) ·5.将来进行时（将来某一时间正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at9a.m.tomorrow(明天上午9点)、this time next week(下周这个时候)、when+将来时句子 (如when he comes) 2.主动语态 一结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词 一例句： *I will be having classes at 10 a.m.tomorrow.(will be+having) *They will be traveling in Japan this time next month.(will be+traveling) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词 一例句： *The meeting will be being held at 3 p.m.tomorrow.(will be being+held) *The article will be being written by her this time next week.(will be being+written) ·6.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -since+过去时间点（如since2020)、for+现在时间段（如for2 hours)、recently(最近） 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词（主语三单用has,其余用have) 一例句： *I have been studying English for 5 years.(have been+studying) *He has been playing football since he was a child.(has been+playing) 3.被动语态 一结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词 一例句： *The machine has been being repaired for 2 hours.(has been being+repaired) *These books have been being read by students since last week.(have been being+read) ·7.情态动词的被动语态（表示能力、许可、必要性等的被动）》 1.常见情态动词 -can(能)、入may(可以)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要) 2.结构 一情态动词+be+动词过去分词 3.例句 This work can be finished in two days.(can be+finished) -The rules must be followed by everyone.(must be+followed) -Your homework should be handed in tomorrow.(should be+handed 知识点三：虚拟语气 ·1.与现在事实相反的虚拟 一基础结构（核心考点）： *口从句：if+主语+动词过去式(be动词统一用were)→例句：If I were you,I would choose the red dress *口主句：主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形→例句：She would study harder if she had more time 一高频考点拓展： *口表示建议I命令：suggest/insist+(that)sb.(should)do→例句：The teacher suggests that we (should)finish the task today. *口固定句型：t's time+主语+did/should do→例句：t's time we left for the station. ·2.与过去事实相反的虚拟 一基础结构（核心考点）： *O从句：if+主语+had+过去分词→例句：If he had taken the medicine,he would have felt better.. *口主句：主语+would/could/should/might+have+过去分词→例句：Ve could have won the game if we had practiced more. 一高频考点拓展： *口wish+主语+had+过去分词（对过去的虚拟）→例句：I wish I had met you yesterday. *口asif/as though+主语+had+过去分词→例句：He talks as if he had known the secret. ·3.与将来事实相反的虚拟 一基础结构（核心考点）： *口从句：if+主语+should+动词原形→例句：If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home. *口从句：if+主语+were to+动词原形→例句：If she were to come,I would tell her the truth.. *口主句：主语+would/could/.should/might+动词原形→例句：They might go hiking if the weather were fine next week 一高频考点拓展： *口省略if的倒装：Should it rain tomorrow,we would cancel the picnic. *口含蓄虚拟：without+名词→例句：Vithout your help,I couldn't have finished the work. 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 考法一：被动语态转换 ·核心：根据主动语态句子，结合时态和动作执行者，转换为正确的被动语态形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The workers_(build)the bridge for three years.Now it_(complete)next month. -答案：have been building;will be completed解析：第一空由“for three years”和“Now”可知动作 从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时，填have been building;第二空由“next month” 可知为将来时被动，填will be completed。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new library_in our school last year. A.builds B.built C.was built D.will be built -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知为一般过去时，主语“library”是动作承受者，用被动 语态“was+过去分词buit”,选C。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 ·核心：根据时间标志词及动作主被动关系，判断并使用正确的时态被动结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The old building_(destroy)by the storm last night -答案：was destroyed解析：由时间标志词“last night'”可知用一般过去时，主语“The old building” 是动作承受者，被动语态结构为“was+过去分词”，destroy的过去分词为destroyed。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new bridge_over the river by the end of next year. A.will build B.will be built C.will have built D.will have been built -答案：D解析：由时间标志词“by the end of next year'”可知用将来完成时，主语“A new bridge” 是动作承受者，被动语态结构为“will have been+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。 考法二：虚拟语气与情态动词被动结合 ·核心：根据虚拟语气语境及动作主被动关系，使用情态动词被动结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -If he were here,the work_(can finish)on time. -答案：could be finished解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用“would/could-+动词原形”，主语 “the work”是动作承受者，被动语态结构为“could be-+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The suggestion that the meeting_put off was accepted by all. A.should be B.will be C.was D.has been 一答案：A解析：suggestion后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，结构为“(should)+动词原形”，主语“the meeting”是动作承受者，被动语态结构为“should be+过去分词”。 考法二：时态与虚拟语气对比 ·核心：根据语境区分真实时态与虚拟语气的使用 ·真题1（语法填空）： -He said that he一(isit)the Great Wall twice.(真实情况) -答案：had visited解析：主句用一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时，visit的过去 分词为visited。 ·真题2（单项选择）： If Iyou,I take the job.But I'm not you. A.were would B.am will C.was would D.were will -答案：A解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用“if+主语+were”,主句用“woud+动词原形”。 考法三：时态、被动语态与虚拟语气的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态（现在完成时、过去完成时等）、被动语态结构及虚拟语气的三种基本类型（与 现在过去将来事实相反)，掌握复杂句式中的语法融合应用 ·真题1（单项选择）： If the project-by the end of next month,we would have saved a lot of time.But now it seems impossible. A.will be finished B.has been finished C.had been finished D.would be finished -答案：C解析：由“by the end of next month”和主句“would have saved”可知，此处为与将来事 实相反的虚拟语气，从句需用“had+过去分词”表假设；主语“project?”是动作“finish”的承受者， 需用被动语态，故从句结构为had been+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The teacher suggested that all the homework_(check)by the students themselves before it _(hand) in yesterday -答案：should be checked;was handed解析：第一空，“suggest'”后接宾语从句表建议，需用虚拟语 气“(should)+动词原形”，主语“hom ework”是动作“check”的承受者，故填“should be checked'”; 第二空，由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主语“it”(指代hom ework)是动作“hand” 的承受者，需用被动语态，结构为“was+过去分词”，hand的过去分词为handed。 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.By the time you arrive in London,we_in Europe for two weeks A.will stay B.will have stayed C.have stayed D.have been staying 2.The old temple-by workers now so it can't be visited A.is restoring B.is being restored C.has restored D.was restored 3.If I_more careful,I wouldn't have made such a mistake A.was B.were C.had been D.have been 4.A new bridge_over the river by the end of next year A.will build B.will be built C.will have built D.will have been built 5.He_in the factory for five years when the fire broke out A.had been working B.has been working C.was working D.worked 6.The teacher suggested that we -more attention to grammar A.pay B.paid