必修3 状语从句的省略-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） Chapter1状语从句的省略 考频分析 状语从句的省略是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在以下题型中：单项 选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分析涉及）。在语境理解和语法应用类题目中，状 语从句的省略形式及还原方法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对状语从句的省略的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与语境应用： ·省略条件：主句主语与从句主语一致且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词； ·常见类型：时间状语从句(when/while/.as等引导)、条件状语从句(if/unless引导)、让步状语从句 (though/although引导)的省略形式； ·语境判断：结合上下文识别省略部分的完整含义，避免因成分缺失导致理解偏差。 精讲精练 知识点一：状语从句的省略 ·省略条件（主句主语与从句主语一致，且从句含be动词） -常见情况：时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，可省略从句主语和be动词 -例句：口hen(she was)walking in the street,she met an old friend.(时间从句省略主语和was)口 If(itis)necessary,we will help you.(条件从句省略主语和is) ·特殊省略（从句主语为it,且含be动词） -用法：it作形式主语/天气等意义时，可省略it和be动词 -例句：Though(twas)cold,he still wore a T-shit.(让步从句省略it和was)口When(itis)possible, please call me back.(时间从句省略it和is) ·不可省略的情况（主语不一致或从句无be动词） -错误示例：口While he reading,the phone rang..(从句无be动词，应改为While he was reading)口 If raining,we will stay at home.(主句主语we与从句逻辑主语it不一致，应改为If it rains) 【即学即练】 1.【省略条件判断】下列哪项符合状语从句省略的条件？ A.主句主语与从句主语不一致 B.从句谓语不含be动词 C.主句主语与从句主语一致且从句谓语含be动词 D.从句主语为任意代词且无be动词 2.【特殊省略改写】将句子"Though it was hot,,he went out to play..”改写为省略形式： 3.【不可省略情况辨析】下列哪个句子的省略形式是错误的？ A.When walking in the park,I saw a bird. B.If necessary,call me at any time. C.While reading,the light went out. D.Though tired,she kept working. 4.【省略还原】将省略句”If locked,the door is safe.”还原为完整句： 5.【逻辑主语判断】Walking in the street,.a car hit him.”该句错误的原因是： 高中|英语|外研版|必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：状语从句的省略进阶与高频考点 ·省略后的非谓语动词形式（省略主语和be动词后，从句动词的变化） 1.现在分词（主动关系） -用法：当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为主动进行时，省略后用现在分词(doig) -例句：口Vhile(she was)waiting for the bus,she listened to music.(wait与主语she为主动关系， 用waiting)After(he finished)finishing his homework,he went out to play..(finish与主语he为 主动关系，用finishing) 2.过去分词（被动关系） -用法：当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为被动语态时，省略后用过去分词(done) -例句：Once(itis)heated,ice turns into water..(heat与主语ice为被动关系，用heated)· Although(she was)invited,.she didn't attend the party.(invite与主语she为被动关系，用invited) 3.不定式(todo,表目的或将来) -用法：当从句为目的状语从句(in order that/so that)或含将来意义时，省略后用不定式 -例句：☐He ran fast(in order that he could)to catch the early bus.(表目的，用to catch)口She saved money(so that she would)to buy a new computer..(表将来，用to buy) ·常见引导词与省略结构搭配（高频考点） -when/while(时间) *省略结构：when/while+doing/done *例句：口hen(Iam)studying,I always keep quiet.(主动，用studying)While(the city is) surrounded by mountains,it is very beautiful.(被动，用surrounded) -if/unless(条件) *省略结构：iffunless+done形容词名词 *例句：口f(itis)not handled properly,,the problem will get worse.(被动，用handled)Unless (you are)in need,you can't borrow the book.(形容词短语作表语，保留in need) -though/although(让步) *省略结构：though/although+adj./doing/done *例句：口Though(heis)young,he knows a lot.(形容词作表语，保留young)口Although(they were)working hard,they failed the exam.(主动，用working) -asif/as though(方式) *省略结构：as iflas though+doing/done/to do *例句：口He talks as if(heis)knowing everything.(主动，用knowing)口She looked at me as if (she was)hurt.(被动，用hut) ·易错点对比（易混淆的省略与非省略情况） 1.主动与被动的区分 -错误示例：hen(he was)seeing the snake,he screamed.(see与主语he为主动关系，但此处 强调动作发生时的状态，应用现在分词seeing,正确)→正确示例：When seeing the snake,he screamed. -错误示例：If((the door is)locking,you can call me.(lock与主语the door为被动关系，应用过去 分词locked,.原句用locking错误)→正确示例：If locked,you can call me. 2.主语一致与逻辑主语的判断 -错误示例：Walking in the street,a car hit him.(主句主语acar与walking的逻辑主语不一致，不 能省略，应改为hen he was walking in the street,a car hit him.) -正确示例：Walking in the street,he was hit by a car..(主句主语he与walking逻辑主语一致，可 省略) ·高考真题模拟（单选形式） 1._in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home.(2023 卷改编) A.To wait B.Waiting C.Waited D.Having waited 2.答案：D解析：句意为“排队等了半小时后，汤姆突然意识到钱包忘在家里了”。wait与逻辑主语Tom 为主动关系，且“等”发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式Having waited,故选D。 3.Though_many times,he still couldn't remember the grammar rule.(2022●北京卷改编) A.telling B.told C.to tell D.having told 4.答案：B解析：句意为“尽管被告知很多次，他仍然记不住语法规侧”。tll与主语he为被动关系，用 过去分词told,故选B。 5.hen_about his plans,he said he would travel to Europe.(2021●江苏卷改编) A.asking B.asked C.to ask D.ask 6.答案：B解析：句意为“当被问及他的计划时，他说他将去欧洲旅行”。ask与主语he为被动关系， 用过去分词asked,故选B。 知识点三：状语从句省略的特殊情况与常见错误辨析 ·省略后逻辑主语一致性的深层判断 一易混淆场景解析（高考高频陷阱）： *口独立主格结构与省略的区别 ·当从句主语与主句主语不一致时，不可直接省略，需用独立主格结构（逻辑主语+非谓语）。 ·错误示例：If raining,we will cancel the picnic.(rain的逻辑主语是it,与主句主语we不一致) ·正确表达：It raining,we will cancel the picnic.(独立主格结构，it作逻辑主语) *口悬垂分词（罗辑主语缺失） ·省略后非谓语动词需与主句主语有逻辑关系，否则为悬垂分词。 ·错误示例：Walking through the park,.the flowers looked beautiful.(walk的逻辑主语应是人，而 非flowers) ·正a确表达：Valking through the park,I found the flowers beautiful..(I与walk构成主动关系) ·特殊引导词的省略限制 -不可省略引导词的情况： *口引导词在从句中作主语时，不可省略 ·例句：She met a girl who was reading a novel..(who在从句中作主语，不可省略) ·对比省略句：She met a girl reading a novel..(省略了who was,reading作后置定语) *0 though/although引导的让步从句，若从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，引导词可省略；若 从句为虚拟语气，引导词不可省略 ·例句：Though tired,he continued working.(省略though he was,正确) ·错误示例：Tired,he continued working.(though不可省略，否则易误解为原因状语) ·高考真题陷阱题分类解析（外研版高频考点） 1.口逻辑主语一致性陷阱 -_the homework,he went out to play basketball. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.To finish D.Finished -答案：B解析：finish与主语he为主动关系，且“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之前，需用现在分 词的完成式Having finished,A选项表同时发生，不符合逻辑。 2.口被动关系与过去分词误用 --by the beautiful scenery,the visitors decided to stay another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted -答案：B解析：attract与主语visitors为被动关系(“被吸引”)，用过去分词Attracted,A/D为主 动关系，C表目的，均不符合语境。 3.口目的状语从句与不定式混淆 He saved money_buy a new bike. A.so that B.in order to C.because D.though -答案：B解析：“省钱”的目的是“买自行车”，so that后需接从句(He saved money so that he could buy..),此处直接接动词原形，用in order to表目的，符合省略结构。 4.口时间状语从句时态与非谓语的搭配 --the meeting,please turn off your mobile phones. A.When enter B.When entering C.When to enter D.When entered -答案：B解析：enter与主句主语you为主动关系，hen引导时间从句时，省略you are,用entering, A缺少be动词，C表将来，D为被动，均错误。 ·省略结构与强调句的区分 -强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，不可省略引导词that/who; -省略句：When(Iwas)young,I lived in the countryside.(可还原为完整从句) -对比辨析： *口It was in200 O that he graduated from college.(强调句，that不可省略) *口When(he was)20,he graduated from college.(省略句，when可省略) 高中|英语|外研版|必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 考法一：状语从句省略后的非谓语动词形式判断 ·核心：根据从句主语与主句主语的逻辑关系（主动被动）及动作发生时间，选择正确的非谓语动词形式 (doing/done/to do) ·真题1（语法填空）： -_(heat)to1oo☐，water turns into steam -答案：Heated解析：heat与主语water为被动关系(“水被加热”)，省略从句itis后，用过去分词 Heated. ·真题2（完形填空）： -While_(wait)for the train,she read a magazine. A.wait B.waiting C.waited D.to wait -答案：B解析：wait与主语she为主动关系，while引导的时间从句省略she was后，用现在分词 waiting 考法二：状语从句省略与非谓语动词搭配 ·核心：结合状语从句省略条件，判断非谓语动词的主动/被动关系及时态先后，选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 一答案：Seen解析：see与逻辑主语the city为被动关系(“被看见")，省略从句主语和be动词后，用 过去分词Seen。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --the project,they discussed the next step for two hours. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.To finish D.Finished -答案：B解析：finish与主语they为主动关系，且“完成项目”发生在“讨论”之前，用现在分词的 完成式Having finished,表动作先于主句动作完成。 考法三：状语从句省略的逻辑关系与非谓语动词形式综合判断 ·核心：结合主句主语与从句动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）、动作发生时间（先后同时）及从句类型（时 间/条件让步等)，正确选择省略后的非谓语动词形式（现在分词/过去分词不定式），并判断逻辑主语一 致性。 ·真题1（单项选择）： --for two hours,the workers stopped to have a rest. A.Working B.Worked C.Having worked D.To work -答案：C解析：wok与主语workers为主动关系，且“工作两小时”发生在“停下来休息”之前，需 用现在分词的完成式Having worked表主动且先于主句动作，A选项表同时发生，B为被动，D表目 的，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Though_(defeat)many times,the team didn't lose confidence and finally won the game. -答案：defeated解析：defeat与主语team为被动关系(“被击败")，hough引导的让步从句省略了 主语和be动词，故用过去分词defeated表被动，符合“从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词”的 省略条件。 高中|英语|外研版|必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 非谓语判断妙招 主从主语先看同，不同省略不可能； 主动关系用doing,被动关系done来行； 动作先后要分明，先于主句用完成(having done/having been done); 同时发生简单式(doing/.done),目的将来todo跟； 时间条件让步状，省略be后形式定。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.When__for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A.asking B.asked C.to ask D.ask 2.the difficult math problem,I have consulted Professor Zhang several times. A.Working out B.Worked out C.To work out D.Having worked out 3.Though_to go to bed early,he stayed up late watching TV. A.telling B.told C.to tell D.having told 4.in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police A.Lost B.Losing C.Having lost D.Tolose 5.If_properly,time is the money we never get back A.using B.used C.to use D.use 6.-the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A.Spending B.Spent C.Having spent D.To spend 7.Though _many times,he still couldn't understand the operation instructions. A.explaining B.explained C.having explained D.to explain 8._the project in time,the staff were working at weekends. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To complete D.Completed 9.When_about the reason for the accident.the driver remained silent. A.asking B.asked C.to ask D.ask 10.by the heavy snow,the flight had to be put off. A.Blocking B.Blocked C.Having blocked D.To block 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.While_(wait)for the bus,I noticed a group of children playing games. 2.Once_(heat),the metal expands and becomes softer.