必修3 主谓一致-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） Chapter1主谓一致 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的正确性与 逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数形式、特殊句式中的一致关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法规则应用：语法一致原则（主语为单数复数时谓语动词的形式匹配）、意义一致原则（集合名词作 主语时的单复数判断)、就近一致原则(there be句型及or等连接词连接主语时的谓语形式)： ·特殊主语搭配：不定代词(each,every,.none等)、名词性从句、非谓语动词作主语时的谓语单复数； ·语境与句式：倒装句、强调句、定语从句中关系代词作主语时的主谓匹配，以及时态中的主谓一致（如 一般现在时第三人称单数)。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的核心原列则及应用 ·语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） -规则：单数主语(he/she/it/单数名词等)搭配单数谓语(is/does/动词-s形式)；复数主语(they/复数 名词等)搭配复数谓语(are/do/动词原形) -例句：口The girl plays the piano every day.(单数主语+plays)口These books belong to the library. (复数主语+belong) ·意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） -集合名词：强调整体时谓语用单数，强调个体时用复数→例句：·The team wins the game.(整体) The team are discussing their plans.(个体成员) -单复数同形名词：根据语境意义判断→例句：口The fish swims in the river.(一条鱼，单数)口The fish are swimming in groups.(多条鱼，复数) ·就近一致原则（谓语形式随最近主语变化） -常见结构：either..or./neither..nor.../not only.but also.there be句型 -例句：☐Either you or he is responsible for this.(最近主语he为单数，用is)口There are two books and a pen on the desk.(最近主语two books为复数，用are) ·特殊主语的主谓一致 -不定代词：everyone/everything//someone等作主语时谓语用单数；both/few/many等用复数→例句： Everyone has a dream.(单数)口Many students like sports.(复数) -时间/距离/金钱等复数形式作主语表整体概念时用单数→例句：Three years is a long time for me. (主语表整体时间段，用is) 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致原则】选择正确的谓语动词形式：The boy_(play/plays)football every afternoon. 2.【意义一致原则】判断句子正误并改正：The family is watching TV together.(强调个体) A.正确 B.错误，应改为The family are watching TV together. 3.【就近一致原则】填空：Neither my brother nor|_(be)late for school today.. 4.【特殊主语主谓一致】选择正确答案：Ten yuan_a lot for a pencil.. A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.【不定代词主谓-致】Everyone in the class_(have/has)a new textbook. 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、具体动作) 1.基本功能 -作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) -作宾语：She wants to buy a new bike.(她想买一辆新自行车) -作宾语补足语：ly mother asked me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间) -作目的状语：He gets up early to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班车) 2.否定形式 -结构：not+todo -例句：He decided not to go there alone..(他决定不独自去那里) 3.省略to的情况 -使役动词let/make/have后：Let him go.(让他走) -感官动词see/hear/watch/notice/feel后（主动语态）：I saw her dance in the park..(我看见她在公 园里跳舞) ·动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) 1.基本功能 -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) -作宾语：She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说) -作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps..(他的爱好是集邮) -作定语：a reading room(阅览室)、a swimming pool(游泳池) 2.常见搭配动词 -enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practise(练习)、mind(介意)、avoid(避免)、suggest(建议) -例句：He practices playing the piano every day.(他每天练习弹钢琴) ·现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成) 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -作定语：a running boy(一个正在跑步的男孩)、falling leaves(落叶) -作状语（表伴随/结果）：He stood there,waiting for the bus.(他站在那里等公交车)、The glass fell to the ground,breaking into pieces.(杯子掉在地上，摔成了碎片) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） -作定语：a broken window(一扇破碎的窗户)、developed countries(发达国家) -作状语（表被动/状态）：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很漂亮)、 Frightened by the noise,she cried.(被噪音吓到，她哭了) 3.区别对比 -例句：The girl singing is my sister..(singing主动，女孩正在唱歌)The song sung by her is popular.(sung被动，歌被她唱) ·非谓语动词作状语的区别 -不定式(todo):表目的(In order to improve English,he joins the club.)结果(too.to/enough to...:He is too young to go to school. -现在分词(doing):表主动进行(Walking in the street.,I met an old friend.) -过去分词(done):表被动完成(Given more time,we could do it better.) 知识点三：主谓一致的特殊句式与难点突破 ·定语从句中的主谓一致（高考高频考点） 一规则：从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，不受从句中其他名词干扰 -例句： *先行词为单数时→例句：The girl who wears a red dress is my sister..(先行词the girl为单数，从 句谓语用wears) *先行词为复数时→例句：The books which are on the desk belong to me.(先行词the books为复 数，从句谓语用are) *先行词前有one of时→例句：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.(先行词 students为复数，用have) *先行词前有the only one of时→例句：She is the only one of the girls who knows French.(强调 唯一，先行词视为单数，用knows) ·倒装句中的主谓一致（高考易错点） 一规则：谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致（就近原则适用） -例句： *there be句型变式→例句：Here comes the bus.(主语bus为单数，用comes) *否定副词位于句首→例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(主语I为第一人称，用have) *副词so/neither/nor开头→例句：So does my brother like playing football..(主语my brother为第 三人称单数，用does) *"only+状语”位于句首→例句：Only in this way can we solve the problem.(主语we为复数，用 can) ·插入语干扰的主谓一致（高考难点） -规则：忽略插入语(as wel‖as/with/together with等连接的短语)，以主句主语确定谓语 一例句： *with短语作插入语→例句：The teacher with her students is going to the museum.(主语teacher 为单数，用is) *as well as连接→例句：He as well as his parents likes swimming.(主语he为单数，用likes) *along with连接→例句：The captain along with his team members has arrived.(主语captain为 单数，用has) *besides连接→例句：She besides her friends often goes to the library.(主语she为单数，用 goes) ·特殊句式练习（高考真题改编） 1.改错：Three quarters of the earth are covered with water.→(are-is,主语表整体概念) 2.t填空：Not only the students but also the teacher(be)interested in this activity..→(is,就近原则) 3.选择：Each of the books_a different topic.(A.have B.hasC.areD.were)(B,each作主语 视为单数) 4.翻译：这个班三分之二的学生来自农村。→(Two thirds of the students in this class are from the countryside.) 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 考法一：主谓一致的基本原则应用 ·核心：根据主语的单复数形式、意义或就近原则，确定谓语动词的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Either you or your brother_(be)responsible for the mistake. -答案：is解析：根据就近一致原则，离谓语最近的主语“your brother'”为单数，因此谓语用is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Three years_a long time to wait for the result. A.are B.is C.was D.were -答案：B解析：时间复数形式“Three years'”表整体概，念，视为单数，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般 现在时is。 考法二：非谓语动词与主谓一致的综合应用 ·核心：结合非谓语动词作定语状语时的逻辑主语判断，以及主句或从句的主谓一致规则，综合确定动词 形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl _(stand)under the tree with her classmates_(be)my best friend. -答案：standing is解析：第一空”stand”与逻辑主语"the girl"为主动关系，用现在分词standing作定 语；第二空主句主语为”the girl'”(单数)，with短语为插入语不影响主谓一致，谓语用is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Not only the teacher but also the students_(encourage)to take part in the activity-(organize)by the school. A.was encouraged;organizing B.were encouraged;organized C.was encouraged;organized D.were encouraged;organizing -答案：B解析：第一空根据”not only..but also..”就近原则，主语”students”为复数，且”被鼓励”用被 动语态，故用were encouraged;第二空"organize”与"activity”为被动关系，用过去分词organized作 定语。 考法三：非谓语动词与主谓一致的综合应用 ·核心：结合非谓语动词作主语定语时对主谓一致的影响，需先判断非谓语动词在句中成分，再根据主谓 一致原则确定谓语形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_English movies is a good way to improve listening skills and each of the students__interested in it. A.Watching are B.Watching is C.Watch are D.Watch is 一答案：B解析：第一空为动名词短语作主语，视为单数概念，谓语用is;第二空主语为each of the students(每个学生)，强调个体，谓语用单数is。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The girl_(wear)a red dress and her parents with her_(be)going to the party tonight. -答案：wearing are解析：第一空为现在分词作定语，修饰the girl,.表主动进行；第二空主语为her parents.,with her为插入语，忽略后谓语与复数主语parents一致，用are。 必修3|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The team __discussing their new project in the meeting room now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2.Neither my parents nor my brother_to the concert tomorrow. A.go B.goes C.will go D.are going 3.Three kilometers_not a long distance for a professional runner. A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.She is the only one of the students who_won the national competition. A.have B.has C.is D.are 5.Here_the bus and all of us_ready to get on. A.come;are B.comes;is C.comes;are D.come;is 6.-to nature regularly is good for mental health,and many people_this habit. A.Expose;keep B.Exposing;keep C.Exposed;keeps D.To expose;keeps 7.The book_by Professor Li last year_popular among teenagers. A.writing;is B.written;is C.writing;are D.written;are 8.Not only the employees but also the manager__about the new policy. A.know B.knows C.have known D.are knowing 9.Each of the students-required to finish the task,and most of them_already completed it. A.is;have B.are;has C.is;has D.are;have 10.the difficult problem,the team__for three hours without rest. A.Solving;has worked B.To solve;have worked C.Solved:has worked D.Solve;have worked 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl with her friends_(play)basketball on the playground every afternoon. 2.Either you or I_(be)responsible for cleaning the classroom today. 3.Ten thousand dollars_(be)a large amount for the poor family. 4.The only one of the books that_(interest)me is this novel. 5.Never_(have)I seen such a brave person before. 6.-(learn)a second language helps improve cognitive abilities. 7.The students_(invite)to the party are from Grade 10. 8.He as well as his classmates_(like)playing football after school. 9.So fast_(run)the boy that no one could catch up with him. 10.Two thirds of the land in this area _(cover)with forests. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） **The Benefits of Reading**Reading books is one of the most effective ways to expand knowledge. _(read)regularly not only improves vocabulary but also enhances critical thinking skills.A recent study shows that people who read for at least 30 minutes daily_(have)better memory retention than those who don't. Many classic novels,such as *Pride and Prejudice*,_(write)by Jane Austen,are still popular today. These books_(offer)insights into human nature that remain relevant across time.For students,_(read) literary works is often required in school curricula,and each of them_(be)expected to analyze themes and characters. However,with the rise of digital media,some people argue that traditional reading_(lose)its importance. But experts believe that printed books,along with e-books,_(continue)to play a vital role in education. A library with thousands of books-(provide)endless opportunities for learning. In conclusion,whether(choose)fiction or non-fiction,reading_(be)a lifelong journey that enriches the mind. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.B9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.plays 2.am 3.is 4.interests 5.have 6.Learning 7.invited 8.likes 9.ran 10.is covered 演练三：语法填空 1.Reading 2.have 3.written 4.offer 5.reading 6.is 7.is losing 8.will continue 9.provides 10.choosing;is 必修3|英语|外研版