必修3 限定性和非限定性定语从句比较-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） Chapter1限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 考频分析 限定性和非限定性定语从句比较是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的10%左右，主要分布在 核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空（1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，影 响答题准确性)。在语境理解和句子结构分析类题目中，关系词的选择、逗号的使用及从句与先行词的逻 辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对限定性和非限定性定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法规则与语境应用： ·功能与结构差异：限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，不可或缺（无逗号隔开）；非限定性定语从 句仅补充说明，可省略（有逗号隔开）； ·引导词使用规则：限定性定语从句用that/which/who/whom/whose等，非限定性定语从句不用that,指 物常用which; ·语境应用辨析：根据句意判断是否需要限定（如特指Vs补充信息），以及引导词（如指代整句话用which)。 精讲精练 知识点一：限定性和非限定性定语从句比较 ·1.限定性定语从句（修饰先行词，不可省略） 一语法特征：无逗号隔开，关系代词做宾语时可省略 -例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(who不可省略，限定“穿红裙子的女孩") 口This is the book(that)I bought yesterday.(that指代book作宾语，可省略) ·2.非限定性定语从句（补充说明先行词，可省略） 一语法特征：有逗号隔开，关系代词不可省略，不可用tht引导 -例句：口My brother,who is a doctor,works in Beijing.(逗号隔开，补充说明哥哥职业，who不可省 略)口She passed the exam,hich made her parents very happy..(which指代整个主句内容，不可 用that) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句类型判断】My brother,,who is a doctor,,works in Beijing.该句中的定语从句属于哪种类型？ A.限定性定语从句 B.非限定性定语从句 C.同位语从句 D.状语从句 2.【引导词选择】The book_cover is green is mine..(填写正确的关系词) 3.【语法特征辨析】关于限定性定语从句，下列说法错误的是？ A.无逗号与先行词隔开 B.关系代词作宾语时可省略 C.可用that引导 D.补充说明先行词，可省略 4.【非限定性定语从句】非限定性定语从句中，指代整句话的内容时，常用的关系词是？ A.that B.who C.which D.whom 5.【引导词使用规侧】非限定性定语从句中， 、 (能不能)使用that引导。 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法区别 ·1.动词不定式（表目的、将来、未完成） -口基本形式：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 一口句法功能及例句： *作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) *作宾语：She wants to buy a new bike.(她想买一辆新自行车) *作目的状语：He came here to attend a meeting.(他来这里参加会议) *作宾语补足语：My mother asked me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间) ·2.动名词（表主动、抽象、习惯性动作） -口基本形式：动词原形+ing(否定式：not+动名词) 一口句法功能及例句： *作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) *作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐) *作表语：Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞) *作定语：a reading room(一间阅览室) ·3.现在分词（表主动、进行） -口基本形式：动词原形+ing(否定式：not+现在分词) 一·句法功能及例句： *作定语：The running water is clean.(流动的水很干净) *作状语：He sat there,reading a newspaper..(他坐在那里看报纸) *作表语：The film is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣) *作宾语补足语：I saw him playing basketball.(我看见他正在打篮球) ·4.过去分词（表被动、完成） -口基本形式：动词过去分词（规则动词加ed,不规则动词需特殊记忆） 一口句法功能及例句： *作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理) *作状语：Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山J顶看，这座城市很美) *作表语：The door is closed.(门是关着的) *作宾语补足语：I found the room cleaned.(我发现房间被打扫干净了) 知识点三：定语从句关系词选择与省略规侧 ·1.关系代词（指人物，作主语宾语定语） 一基础用法（必修核心）： *口who(指人，作主语)→例句：The man who is talking to my father is a teacher. *口whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The girl whom you met yesterday is my cousin.(可省略) *which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which tells a moving story.(作主语)；I lost the pen which my mother gave me.(作宾语，可省略) *口that(指人物，作主语/宾语，限用情况)→例句：He is the student that won the first prize.(指 人作主语)；This is the bag that I bought last week.(指物作宾语，可省略) *whose(指人/物，作定语)→例句：The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.(指人)； I visited the house whose windows face south. -特殊规侧（易错点）： *口先行词为all/everything/nothing时用that→例句：Everything that he said is true, *口先行词被最高级序数词修饰时用that→例句：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. *口非限定性定语从句不用that→例句：My hom etown,which is a small city,has changed a lot.. ·2.关系副词（指时间地点原因，作状语） 一基础用法（必修重点）： *口when(指时间)→例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. *where(指地点)→例句：This is the park where we had a picnic last Sunday. *☐why(指原因，先行词为reason)→例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus -转换用法（常考点）： *O介词+which替代when/where/why-→例句：'‖never forget the year when I joined the army.= I'll never forget the year in which I joined the army. *口先行词为place/point时用where-,例句：Ne have reached a point where we need to make a decision. ·3.关系词省略（仅限限定性定语从句） 一省略规则（高频考点）： *口关系代词作宾语时可省略→例句：The movie(that/which)we saw last night was fantastic. *口关系代词作表语时可省略→例句：He is no longer the man(that)he used to be *口关系副词不可省略→例句：Do you know the reason why she was angry?(why不可省略) 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 老法一：限定性与非限定性定语从句辨析 ·核心：根据从句与先行词的逻辑关系（限定修饰/补充说明）及语法特征（逗号、关系词使用），区分两 种定语从句并选择正确关系词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The book_cover is green is mine -答案：whose解析：先行词为book,关系词在从句中作定语修饰cover,应用whose,本句为限定性 定语从句（无逗号，不可省略）。 ·真题2（完形填空）： My sister_is a teacher works in Beijing. A.who B.whom C.which D.1 -答案：A解析：先行词为sister(指人)，从句缺少主语，且无逗号隔开为限定性定语从句，关系代词 用who不可省略；whom作宾语，which指物，均不符合。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语与定语从句转换 ·核心：辨别现在分词/过去分词作定语与定语从句的转换关系，判断主动被动及动作状态 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(read)a book in the library is my classmate.(用所给词的适当形式填空) -答案：reading解析：此处需用非谓语动词作定语，girl与read是主动关系且动作正在进行，故用现 在分词reading,相当于定语从句who is reading。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -This is the report-by our team leader yesterday. A.writing B.written C.to write D.writes -答案：B解析：report与write是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词written作定语，相当于定语从 句which was written 考法三：定语从句与非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合限定性/非限定性定语从句的语法特征，判断关系词使用及非谓语动词形式（不定式、动名词、 现在分词、过去分词)在从句中的句法功能 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The girl_in red,_is my deskmate,wants_part in the singing competition. A.dressing;who;taking B.dressed;which;to take C.dressed;who;to take D.dressing;that;taking 一答案：C解析：第一空“穿着红色衣服”作后置定语修饰“the girl'”,“girl”与“dress”是被动关系 (be dressed in”"),用过去分词“dressed”;第二空引导非限定性定语从句，先行词指人且在从句中 作主语，用“who”(非限定性从句不可用“that”);第三空“want to do sth.”为固定搭配，用动词不 定式“to take”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The library_(build)last year,-we often go to read,has many books-(help)us learn English. -答案：was built where to help解析：第一空library”与“build”是被动关系，时间标志“last year” 表明用一般过去时被动语态“was built”;第二空引导非限定性定语从句，先行词library”表地点且 在从句中作状语，用“where'”(或“to which”);第三空“帮助我们学英语”表目的，用动词不定式 “to help”作后置定语修饰“books”。 必修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 定语从句妙招 限定非限定辨逗号，限定无逗不可少； 先行指人用who/whom,主语who来宾语whom; 指物which或that,限定hat更常见； whose定语句中藏，人事物都能当； 地点where时间when,关系副词作状语。 非谓作定妙招 现在分词表主动，动作进行正发生； 过去分词表被动，完成状态已达成； 不定式作定表将来，常放名词后等待； 主动被动看关系，动作状态辨分明； 转换从句并不难，关系代词+be动词。 综合运用妙招 主从复合看结构，先找主句主谓宾； 非谓作定先判断，主动被动与时态； 定从关系看先行，人事物地要分清； 关系代词作成分，关系副词表状位； 固定搭配要牢记，to do doing莫混淆； 非限定从逗号隔，that不用who/which。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the village_I was born and grew up. A.where B.which C.that D.when 2.My brother,_is a doctor,will come to visit me next week. A.whom B.who C.which D./ 3.The book_cover is broken belongs to Mary. A.which B.that C.whose D.who 4.Do you remember the day_we first met at the school gate? A.which B.when C.where D.why 5.The girl_in the classroom is my best friend. A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads 6.I enjoy_music in my free time. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 7.The problem_at the meeting yesterday is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 8.He is the only student_has won the prize three times. A.whom B.which C.who D./ 9.She has two sons.both of_are teachers A.whom B.who C.which D.that 10.English well,we need to practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_is talking to my father is our new neighbor. 2.I bought a new bike,-cost me 800 yuan. 3.This is the reason_he was late for school. 4.The girl_(wear)a blue dress is my sister. 5.He wants-(buy)a new computer next month 6.The book_(write)by Lu Xun is very popular. 7.I still remember the day_I joined the club. 8.(swim)is good exercise for our health. 9.The students_are from Class 3 will have a picnic tomorrow. 10.She has a friend_father is a famous scientist. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last summer,I visited Beijing,_is the capital of China.I stayed in a hotel (locate)in the city center.On the first day,I went to the Great Wall,is one of the greatest wonders in the world.Many tourists _(visit) it every year.I met a girl-name was Lucy.She told me she came from America_(learn)Chinese.We walked along the wall and_(take)many photos.In the evening,we had dinner in a restaurant_serves traditional Chinese food.The food(cook)by the chef was delicious.I hope_(visit)Beijing again next year. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.who/that 2.which 3.why 4.wearing 5.to buy 6.written 7.when 8.Swimming 9.who/that 10.whose 演练三：语法填空 1.which 2.located 3.which 4.visit 5.whose 6.to learn 7.took 8.which/that 9.cooked 10.to visit 必修3|英语|外研版