必修2 不定式和动名词用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） Chapter1不定式和动名词用法 考频分析 不定式和动名词用法是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空23题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构的合理性与 表达的准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式和动名词作主语、宾语、定语等的用法及区别往往是解题关 键。 考查内容 高中英语对不定式和动名词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本功能辨析：不定式(todo)表目的、将来、具体动作；动名词(doig)表习惯、主动、抽象概念； ·句法功能应用：作主语(t's+adj.+todo/Doing sth.+谓语)、宾语（接不定式/动名词的动词固定搭 配)、表语（主语为抽象名词时的对应形式）、定语（不定式表未发生，动名词表用途）； ·特殊结构与转换：不定式省略to的情况（感官动词/使役动词后作宾补）、动名词复合结构（形容词性物 主代词/名词所有格+doing)、主动表被动(be worth doing)及两者作宾语时的意义差异(remember to do/remember doing 精讲精练 知识点一：不定式和动名词用法 ·不定式(to+动词原形，否定形式在to前加not) -作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。)→常用it作形式主语：It is important to learn English well. -作宾语：She wants to go shopping.(她想去购物。)→常见接不定式的动词：want,decide,hope, plan,try -作表语：Her dream is to be a teacher..(她的梦想是成为一名教师。) -作定语：I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。)（不定式与所修饰名词构成动宾关系） -作状语：He got up early to catch the bus.(他早起是为了赶公交车。)（表目的） ·动名词（动词-ig形式，具有名词性质） -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)→常用it作形式主语：It is good for health swimming. -作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐。)→常见接动名词的动词：enjoy,finish,practice, mind,suggest -作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮。) -作定语：a reading room(阅览室)（动名词作定语表用途） -固定搭配：be used to doing(习惯于做某事)、look forward to doing(期待做某事)、give up doing (放弃做某事)→例句：She is used to getting up early..(她习惯早起。) ·不定式与动名词作宾语的异同 -既接不定式又接动名词且意义相近的动词：begin,stat,like,love→例句：He started to learn/earning French last year..(他去年开始学法语。) 一接不定式与动名词意义不同的动词： *remember to do(记得去做某事，未做)；remember doing(记得做过某事，已做)→例句：Remember to post the letter..(记得去寄信。)；I remember posting the letter..(我记得寄过信了。) *stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)；stop doing(停止正在做的事)→例句：He stopped to talk to me.(他停下来和我说话。)；He stopped talking.(他停止了说话。) 【即学即练】 1.【不定式作主语】下列句子中形式主语使用正确的是？ A.To learn English well is important B.It is important to learn English well. C.It important learn English well. D.Learn English well is important. 2.【动名词固定搭配】She is used to_(get)up early..(用所给词的适当形式填空) 3.【remember用法辨析】I remember_(post)the letter yesterday..(用所给词的适当形式填空) 4.【stop用法辨析】hen the teacher came in,the students stopped_(talk).(用所给词的适当形式填 空) 5.【不定式与动名词作宾语】动词begin后接不定式和动名词意义相近，请完成句子：He began一(study) English at the age of5.(两种形式均可) 高中丨英语|外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补足语的用法 ·不定式作定语、状语和补足语 一作定语：通常位于被修饰名词之后，表示将要发生的动作或未完成的动作，与名词构成逻辑上的动宾 关系或主谓关系。 *动宾关系：I have a letter to write.(我有一封信要写。“write”与"letter”是动宾关系) *主谓关系：He is the first to come.(他是第一个来的。“to come”的逻辑主语是he”,构成主谓关 系) 一作状语：除表目的外，还可表结果、原因等。 *表结果：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车t站，结果发现火车已 经开走了。“only to do”表示意外结果) *表原因：'m glad to see you.(见到你我很高兴。to see you”表示原因) -作补足语：用于某些动词后，补充说明宾语或主语的动作或状态，常见动词有ask,tell,want,alow, encourage等。 *宾语补足语：My mother asked me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。“me”是宾语，“to clean the room”补充说明“me”的动作) *主语补足语：He was seen to enter the building.(有人看见他进入了那栋楼。主动语态中“see sb. do sth.”,被动语态中不定式符号“to”要还原) ·分词（现在分词和过去分词）作定语、状语和补足语 -现在分词(doig):表示主动或进行的动作，与被修饰词或逻辑主语构成主谓关系。 *作定语：The running water is clean..(流水是干净的。“running”与“water'”是主谓关系，表主动、 进行) *作状语：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。“walking” 的逻辑主语是“”，表主动) *作补足语：I heard her singing in the room.(我听见她正在房间里唱歌。“singing”与“her”是主 谓关系，表主动、进行) 一过去分词(done):表示被动或完成的动作，与被修饰词或逻辑主语构成动宾关系。 *作定语：The broken window was repaired.(被打破的窗户已经修好了。“broken'”与“window”是 动宾关系，表被动、完成) *作状语：Seen from the top of the hil训，the city looks beautiful..(从山J顶看，这座城市很美。“seen” 的逻辑主语是“the city'”,表被动) *作补足语：He had his hair cut yesterday..(他昨天剪了头发。“cut”与hair”是动宾关系，表被动) ·不定式与分词作定语、状语的区别 一作定语：不定式表将来，分词表主动/被动、进行完成。 *将来：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(明天我有个会议要参加。to attend”表将来) *主动进行：The girl reading a book is my sister..(正在看书的女孩是我妹妹。“reading'”表主动、进 行) *被动完成：The book written by Lu Xun is popular..(鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。“written'”表被动、完成) 一作状语：不定式表目的、结果、原因；现在分词表主动、伴随；过去分词表被动、完成。 *目的：He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试。不定式表目的) *伴随：They stood there,waiting for the bus.(他们站在那里等公交车。现在分词表伴随) *被动：Given more time,I can do it better.(如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。过去分词表被动) 知识点三：非谓语动词的时态和语态变化 ·不定式的时态和语态 -一般式(to do/to be done):表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或之后发生 *主动：She hopes to meet her friends tomorrow.(她希望明天见朋友。) *被动：The work is to be finished by Friday.(这项工作要在周五前完成。) -进行式(to be doing):表示动作与谓语动词同时进行 *主动：He seems to be waiting for someone.(他似乎在等某人。) 一完成式(to have done/to have been done):表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 *主动：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(抱歉让你久等了。) *被动：The book is said to have been translated into10 languages..(据说这本书已被翻译成10种 语言。) ·动名词的时态和语态 -一般式(doing/.being done):表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或无时间先后 *主动：She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说。) *被动：He hates being laughed at.(他讨厌被嘲笑。) -完成式(having done/having been done):表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 *主动：Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后，他出去玩了。) *被动：Having been told many times,.he still made the same mistake..(被告知多次，他仍犯同样的 错误。) ·分词的时态和语态 一现在分词： *一般式(doing/being done):主动表进行，被动表正在被做 ·主动：The girl singing is my classmate.(唱歌的女孩是我同学。) ·被动：Being criticized by the teacher,.he felt sad.(被老师批评，他感到难过。) *完成式(having done/having been done):主动表先于谓语动作，被动表先于谓语动作且被动 ·主动：Having lived here for10 years,he knows the city well.(住了10年，他很了解这座城市。) ·被动：Having been built in1990,the bridge is now very old..(建于1990年，这座桥现在很旧了。) -过去分词(done):仅表被动或完成，无时态变化 *被动：The broken cup was thrown away.(打碎的杯子被扔掉了。) *完成：Fallen leaves cover the ground in autumn.(秋天落叶覆盖地面。) ·时态语态易错点对比 一不定式一般式与完成式： He is said to work in this factory for 20 years. *He is said to have worked in this factory for20 years.(“for20 years'”表完成，用to have worked 一动名词一般式与完成式： *He regrets not having taken/to take the advice.(regret doing表“后悔做过”，用taking) *He regrets not taking the advice..(未强调“过去”，用一般式即可) 一现在分词被动式与过去分词： *Seen from the hill,we find the city beautif.(分词逻辑主语需与主句一致，“seen”逻辑主语是 “city") *Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(过去分词表被动，逻辑主语为“city") 高中|英语|外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 老法一：不定式与动名词作宾语的意义辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断动词后接不定式或动名词时的不同含义，如remember、.stop等词的用法区别 ·真题1（语法填空）： Remember_(lock)the door before you leave the house. -答案：to lock解析：句意为“离开房子前记得锁门”，表示“记得去做某事（未做）”，用remember to do sth.,故填to lock。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -When the teacher came in,the students stopped__and listened to her carefully. A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 一答案：C解析：句意为“老师进来时，学生们停止说话并认真听她讲”，表示“停止正在做的事”，用 stop doing sth.,故选C。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语和状语的综合辨析 ·核心：结合非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）作定语和状语的用法，根据动作的时间关系（将 来、进行、完成)和主被动关系选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is very important.Please come on time. 一答案：to be held解析：句中“tom orrow”表示将来动作，且“meeting?”与hold”为被动关系，不 定式被动式“to be held”作定语表将来被动。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --the homework,he went out to play basketball. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish -答案：C解析：“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之前，现在分词完成式“Having finished”作状语表主 动且先于谓语动作。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合时态语态判断非谓语动词形式，区分不定式、动名词和分词在不同语境中的用法差异 ·真题1（单项选择）： Remember_the door when you leave and don't forget_offthe lights that you turned on this morning. A.to lock;to turn B.locking;turning C.to lock;turning D.locking;to turn -答案：C解析：第一空”remember to do”表示记得去做某事（未做），离开时锁门是未发生的动作，用 to lock;第二空”forget doing”表示忘记做过某事（已做），早上开灯是已完成动作，用turning。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks amazing.-(finish)the work ahead of time,they decided_(stay)up late. -答案：Seen To finish to stay解析：第一空”seen”为过去分词作状语，逻辑主语"city”与动作"see”是 被动关系；第二空”To finish”为不定式表目的；第三空”decide to doi”为固定搭配，用不定式to stay。 高中|英语|外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 不定式动名词妙招 后接不定与动名，意义辨析是核心； remember to do记去做，doing表已做过； stop doing停当前，todo表目的要转换。 非谓作定状妙招 作定先看时间标，将来不定式todo标； 进行主动用doing,被动完成用done标； 作状先判主被动，主动分词来出动； 动作先后要分明，完成having done行； 被动done来表完成，目的要用todo成。 非谓综合运用妙招 综合运用看时态，主动被动先辨清； 不定常表将来动，动名作宾固搭清； 分词主动用doing,被动done要记牢； 完成先行动作用having done.,目的状语todo跟。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.She decided_a new laptop for her study next term A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought 2.Rememberthe lights before you go to bed.You left them on last night A.turn off B.to turn off C.turning off D.turned off 3.The children stopped_when their mother came back home A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 4.-English well,we need to practice speaking every day A.Learn B.Tolearn C.Learning D.Learned 5.I heard her _in the next room when I passed by A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 6.The book_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages A.write B.to write C.writing D.written 7.He regrets_the chance to study abroad last year A.miss B.to miss C.missing D.missed 8._for two hours,they finally arrived at the mountain top A.Walk B.To walk C.Walking D.Having walked 9.The teacher asked us_the essay before Friday A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 10.from the sky,the city looks like a colorful carpet A.See B.To see C.Seeing D.Seen 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My brother plans(visit)the Great Wall during the summer holiday. 2.She enjoys_(listen)to classical music in her free time. 3.The workers are trying_(finish)the project ahead of schedule 4.(solve)this problem,we need to work together as a team. 5.I saw him(run)towards the bus stop just now. 6.The meeting_(hold)tomorrow will discuss the new policy. 7.He is used to_(get)up early even on weekends 8.-(not make)the same mistake again,she took notes carefully. 9.They suggested_(go)to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 10.The girl_(wear)a red dress is my cousin. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend,I decided 1.-(join)a volunteer activity in the community.When I arrived,many people were already there,2.-(prepare)for the event.Our task was 3.-(help)the elderly clean their houses. An old lady asked me 4.-(read)a newspaper for her.While I was reading,I noticed her 5.-(smile) happily.After finishing the work,we stopped 6.-(have)lunch together.One of the volunteers suggested 7.(organize)more such activities in the future. On my way home,I remembered 8.-(buy)some milk for my mother,so I went to the supermarket.9. -(walk)out of the store,I saw a little girl 10.-(cry)alone.I helped her find her parents,which made me feel very proud. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.B5.C6.D7.C8.D9.B10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.to visit 2.listening 3.to finish 4.To solve 5.running