必修2 6种基础时态的被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） Chapter16种基础时态的被动语态 考频分析 6种基础时态的被动语态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（重点考察，直接影响句子 结构的规范性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，6种基础时态的被动语态的构成及用法辨析往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 高中对6种基础时态被动语态的考察聚焦结构掌握与语境应用： ·基本结构辨认：一般现在时(am/is/are+done)、一般过去时(was/were+done)、一般将来时(will be+done/be going to be-+done)、现在进行时(am/is/are being+done)、过去进行时(was/were be ing+done)、现在完成时(have/has been+done)的构成形式辨析； ·时态语态转换：主动句与不同时态被动句的句式改写，重点掌握动作承受者作主语时的时态一致性； ·语境应用选择：结合时间状语（如often/now/already等）及上下文语境，判断被动语态的时态合理性， 理解被动结构在新闻报道、科技说明等文体中的使用场景。 精讲精练 知识点一：6种基础时态的被动语态 ·1.一般现在时被动语态（主语+am/is/are+过去分词） -基本结构：主语（动作承受者）+am/is/are+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：English is spoken by many people around the world.(英语被全世界很多人说) ·2.一般过去时被动语态（主语+was/were+过去分词） -基本结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：The letter was written by my father yesterday.(这封信昨天是我爸爸写的) ·3.一般将来时被动语态（主语+will be-+过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词） -基本结构：主语+will be+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)/主语+am/is/are going to be+动词 过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：A new hospital will be built next year..(明年将建一座新医院) ·4.现在进行时被动语态（主语+am/is/.are+being+过去分词） -基本结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：The room is being cleaned by my mother now.(妈妈现在正在打扫房间) ·5.过去进行时被动语态（主语+was/were+being+过去分词） -基本结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：The problem was being discussed when I entered the meeting room.(我进会议室时，这个问 题正在被讨论) ·6.现在完成时被动语态（主语+have/has+been+过去分词） -基本结构：主语+have/has+been+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者) -例句：The work has been finished by them.(这项工作已经被他们完成了) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动语态】English_(speak)all over the world.请填写正确的被动结构 A.is speak B.is spoken C.are spoken D.spoke 2.【一般过去时被动语态】请写出"The letter was written by my father yesterday.”的主动语态： 3.【现在进行时被动语态】The room (clean)by my mother now.正确形式是？ A.is cleaning B.is being cleaned C.are being cleaned D.was cleaned 4.【现在完成时被动语态】”这项工作已经被完成”的英文正确表达是？ A.The work has finished. B.The work has been finished. C.The work was finished. D.The work is finished. 5.【一般将来时被动语态】A new hospital, _(build)next year..正确结构是 必修21英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·1.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理） 1.时间标志词 -always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/月)、on Sundays (在周日)、客观真理（无具体时间词，如“地球绕太阳转”） 2.主动语态 一结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） 一例句： *口They play basketball every afternoon.(非三单主语，动词用原形play) *口She teaches English in a middle school.(三单主语，动词用teaches) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择） 一例句： *口Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(主语单数，用is;play的过去分词为played) *口English is taught by her in a middle school..(主语不可数，用is;teach的过去分词为taught) ·2.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束） 1.时间标志词 -yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、just now(刚才)、in2020(在2020年)、 three days ago(三天前) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+动词过去式（无单复数变化） -例句： *口He watched a movie yesterday evening.(watch的过去式为watched) *口They visited the Great Wall last summer.(visit的过去式为visited) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语单数用was,复数用ere) 一例句： *口A movie was watched by him yesterday evening.(主语单数，用was;watch的过去分词为 watched) *口The Great Wall was visited by them last summer..(主语单数，用was;visit的过去分词为 visited) ·3.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） 1.时间标志词 -tomorrow(明天)、next week/month/year(下周/月/年)、in the future(在末来)、soon(很快)、 in three days(三天后) 2.主动语态 -结构：口主语+will+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 -例句： *口Ve will hold a party next Friday..(will+原形hold) *口She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow.(主语三单，用is going to+原形buy) 3.被动语态 -结构：口主语+will be+动词过去分词口主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 一例句： *口A party will be held by us next Friday.(will be+hold的过去分词held) *口A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow.(is going to be+buy的过去分词bought) ·4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+aml/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用is,第一人称用am,复数用 are) -例句： *口|am reading a book now.(第一人称，用am+reading) *口He is playing the guitar at the moment.(三单主语，用is+playing) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现“正在进行”，过去分词体现“被动”) -例句： *口A book is being read by me now.(主语单数，用is being+read的过去分词read) *口The guitar is being played by him at the moment.(主语单数，用is being+play的过去分词 played) ·5.过去进行时（过去某个时刻时间段正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+一般过去时 句子（如When he came in) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用was,复数用were) 一例句： *☐She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday..(三单主语，用was+watching) *☐He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang.(三单主语，用was+reading;rang是一 般过去时) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were-+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行”，过 去分词体现“被动”) -例句： *口TV was being watched by her at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+watch的过去 分词watched) *口A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang.(主语单数，用was being+read 的过去分词read) ·6.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） 1.时间标志词 -already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间 点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) -例句： *口I have finished my homework already.(第-人称，用have+-finished) *☐He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+lived) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) -例句： *口My homework has been finished by me already..(主语不可数，用has been+-finished的过去 分词finished) *口This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分词 lived;Iive是不及物动词，需加in) ·7.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”） 1.时间标志词 -by+过去时间点（如by2019、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+ 一般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) -例句： *He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) *口They had left before I arrived..(had+left;arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) 一例句： *口His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday..(had been+-finished的过去分词 finished) *☐The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 知识点三：被动语态的特殊结构与用法 ·1.情态动词的被动语态 -基本结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should/could等)+be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者) 一例句： *口The work must be finished before Friday.(这项工作必须在周五前完成) *口This book can be borrowed from the library.(这本书可以从图书馆借到) *口Your homework should be handed in on time.(你的作业应该按时上交) *口The problem may be solved by this method.(这个问题也许能用这种方法解决) ·2.主动表被动的特殊情况 1.感官系动词(look/sound/smel/taste/feel)+adj.(主动形式表被动意义) -→例句：The flowers smell sweet..(这些花闻起来很香) -→例句：The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软) 2.不及物动词短语(happen/take place/.break out/occur)无被动语态 -→例句：A car accident happened yesterday.(昨天发生了一场车祸) -→例句：The Olympic Games will take place in Paris in2024.(2024年奥运会将在巴黎举办) 3.need/want/require+doing(主动形式表被动意义，相当于“need/want/require to be done") -→例句：The room needs cleaning.(=The room needs to be cleaned.)(这个房间需要打扫) -→例句：The machine requires repairing.(=The machine requires to be repaired.)(这台机器需 要修理) ·3.被动语态的省略与转换 1.省略“by+动作执行者”的情况（执行者不明或无需强调） -→原句：A new bridge will be built(by the workers)next year.(明年将建一座新桥) -→省略后：A new bridge will be built next year. 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤（以“People speak English in many countries.”为例） -→步骤1：确定动作承受者(English)作被动句主语 -→步骤2：根据主动句时态（一般现在时）确定被动结构(am/is/are+过去分词) -→步骤3：将主动句谓语动词(speak)变为过去分词(spoken) -→步骤4：补充“by+动作执行者”(by people)(可省略) -→被动句：English is spoken(by people)in many countries. ·4.高频易错被动语态对比 1.一般过去时被动Vs.现在完成时被动 -→一般过去时（强调过去动作）：The letter was written yesterday.(这封信是昨天写的) -→现在完成时（强调对现在影响）：The letter has been written.(这封信已经写好了) 2.现在进行时被动Vs.一般现在时被动 -→现在进行时（强调正在进行）：The bridge is being built now.(这座桥正在被建造) -→一般现在时（强调常态）：Bridges are built with stones.(桥是用石头建造的) 必修21英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 考法一：被动语态基本结构判断 ·核心：根据动作的被动关系及对应的时态，选择正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： The meeting_(hold)tomorrow afternoon.All teachers are required to attend. -答案：will be held解析：由时间标志词“tomorrow afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来 时被动语态；其结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Many new houses_in our city last year. A.are built B.were built B.have been built D.will be built -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态；主语“Many new houses'”为复数，be动词用were,build的过去分词为built。. 考法二：主动与被动语态转换 ·核心：根据语境及动作关系，将主动语态句子转换为被动语态，需准确匹配时态和动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -People usually plant trees in spring.(改为被动语态) Trees__usually_in spring -答案：are planted解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，转换为被动语态时，主语“Trees'”为复数，be 动词用are,plant的过去分词为planted。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -They will hold a meeting next Monday.(改为被动语态) A meeting by them next Monday. A.will hold B.will be held C.was held D.is held -答案：B解析：原句为一般将来时主动语态，被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词 为held,故选B。 考法三：综合时态与被动语态的转换及特殊用法 ·核心：结合不同时态标志词判断被动语态结构，掌握情态动词被动及主动表被动的特殊情况 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The problem__at the meeting this time last week and I think it_soon. A.was discussed will solve B.was being discussed will be solved C.is being discussed is solved D.has been discussed was solved -答案：B解析：第一空由时间标志词“this time last week”(上周这个时候)可知用过去进行时，主语 “the problem”是动作承受者，需用过去进行时被动语态“was being discussed”;第二空由“soon”(很 快)可知用一般将来时，主语“it”指代问题，用一般将来时被动语态“will be solved”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Your homework_(must finish)before 5 pm today.The classroom_(clean)when I passed by just now,so you can hand it in there. -答案：must be finished was being cleaned解析：第一空“must”为情态动词，被动语态结构为“must be+过去分词”，故填“must be finished”;第二空由“when I passed by just now'”(刚才我路过 时)可知用过去进行时，主语“the classroom”是动作承受者，用过去进行时被动语态“was being cleaned”。 必修21英语引外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/isl/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being'”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,情态被动“must/can be”; 主动表被特殊记，结合语境灵活变。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.A new library_in our school next year. A.is built B.was built B.will be built D.has been built 2.Many trees-by students in the park last weekend. A.planted B.were planted B.are planted D.have planted 3.The project_by the team now.Everyone is working hard on it. A.is being completed B.was completed B.will be completed D.completes 4.This book__in 1998 and __into 10 languages since then. A.published has translated B.was published has been translated C.is published translated D.was publishing has been translating 5.When I arrived at the station,the train_already_. A.had left B.was left B.has been left D.had been left 6.Your phone__if you don't keep it away from water. A.should damage B.may be damaged