必修2 主语从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） Chapter1主语从句 考频分析 主语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2 题)、阅读理解（长难句理解）、语法填空（(1-2题)、书面表达（提升句式多样性与复杂性）。在长难句分 析及语法填空题目中，主语从句的引导词选择及语序往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·引导词选用：that、whether、if及连接代词(what、who、which)、连接副词(when、where、why、how) 的辨析与功能； ·句法结构：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句转化为主语从句的语序调整，t作形式主语的固定句型； ·语境应用：在复杂句中识别主语从句并判断其逻辑关系，结合上下文选择恰当引导词完成句子。 精讲精练 知识点一：主语从句的定义及基本结构 ·定义（在复合句中作主语） 一功能：代替名词或代词充当句子主语，表达完整含义 -例句：口What he said surprised everyone.(“他所说的话”作主语，表达具体内容)口That she passed the exam made her parents happy.(“她通过了考试”作主语，陈述事实) ·引导词及分类 -连接代词（含疑问意义，在从句中作成分）：what(什么)、who(谁)、which(哪一个) *例句：Who will win the game is still unknown.(who在从句中作主语) -连接副词（表时间/地点方式等，在从句中作状语）：when(何时)、where(何地)、how(如何) *例句：How we can solve the problem needs discussion.(how在从句中作方式状语) -从属连词（无意义，只起连接作用，不充当成分）：that(无意义)、whether(是否) *例句：口That he is honest is true.(that仅连接从句，不充当成分)口Whether it will rain tomorrow depends on the weather forecast..(whether表“是否”，不充当成分) ·形式主语t的用法（避免句子头重脚轻） 一结构：t+be+形容词/名词过去分词+主语从句 -例句：口It is important that we should learn English well.(it代替that从句作形式主语)口It is a pity that you missed the party.(it代替that从句作形式主语) 【即学即练】 1.【引导词辨析】he will come is certain. A.That B.What C.How D.If 2.【形式主语用法】请将句子“That we need more time is obvious.”优化为形式主语结构： 3.【引导词功能】在句子“What he said made me angry.”中，what在从句中充当什么成分？ A.主语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.表语 4.【主语从句定义】判断正误：“Whether the plan will work depends on practice.”中，Whether导的 从句在句中作宾语。（正确/错误） 5.【形式主语结构】It is a pityyou missed the party..请填写正确的引导词： 高中|英语|外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：主语从句的常见错误及解题技巧 ·引导词的误用与辨析 1.that与what的区别（核心老点） -that:无意义，不充当成分（从句完整时用） -例句：That she left early is a mystery.(从句“she left early”主谓结构完整，用that) -what:表“.…的内容/事物”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语（从句缺成分时用） -例句：What he said made me angry.(从句“he said”缺宾语，用what作said的宾语) 一易错题对比： *口(_)he will come is certain.(A.That B.What)答案：A(从句“he will come”完整，用that) *口(_)he will bring is unknown.(A.That B.What)答案：B(从句he will bring'”缺宾语，用 what) 2.形式主语t与真实主语的位置混淆 -口错误结构：That we need more time is obvious.(正确但头重脚轻，高考常考优化表达) -正确结构：It is obvious that we need more time.(it作形式主语，that从句后置) 一口高频错误句型： *错误：Is important that we practice speaking.(缺少形式主语it) *正t确：It is important that we practice speaking. -例句对比： *☐(_)is necessary(_)we keep quiet in the library.(A.That;that B.lt;that)答案：B(It 作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句) 3.whether与if的用法差异（仅whether可引导主语从句） -口规则：主语从句中表“是否”时，只能用whether,不能用if -例句：Whether the plan will work depends on practice.(正t确，主语从句用whether) -错误：If the plan will work depends on practice.(主语从句中误用if) -易错题： *(_)we should take the risk is still under discussion.(A.IfB.Whether)答案：B(主语从句用 whether) 4.主谓一致原则（主语从句视为单数） -口规侧则：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个并列主语从句用and连接时，谓语动词用 复数 -例句： *口What he does is worth praising.(单个从句作主语，谓语用is) *口What he says and what he does are quite different.(两个并列从句作主语，谓语用are) -易错题： *How to solve the problem(_)being discussed.(A.isB.are)答案：A(单个主语从句作主语， 谓语用单数) 知识点三：主语从句的时态与语序规则及特殊句型 ·时态一致原则（主从复合句时态呼应） 1.主句为现在时将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 -例句：What she is doing now is not clear.(主句现在时，从句现在进行时) 2.主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理除外） -例句：He said that what he saw was a UFO.(主句过去时，从句过去时) 3.客观真理作从句内容时，时态不受主句限制（用一般现在时） -例句：It is known that the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理用一般现在时) -易错题：The teacher told us that(_)the sun rises in the east is a fact.(A.whyB.that)答案：B (从句陈述客观真理，用that引导，时态为一般现在时)】 ·语序规则（陈述句语序） 一口规则：主语从句必须用“引导词+主语+谓语”的陈述句语序 -正t确例句：When we will have the exam is not decided yet..(引导词when+主语we+谓语will have) -错误例句：When will we have the exam is not decided yet.(误用疑问句语序“will we have") -专项练习：(_)the meeting will begin has not been announced..(A.How soon B.How soon will)答 案：A(需用陈述句语序，引导词How soon+主语the meeting+谓语will begin) ·特殊句型及固定表达 1.疑问词-ever引导的主语从句（表“无论…） -whoever(无论谁)→Whoever breaks the rules should be punished. -whatever(无论什么)→Whatever you say,lwon't believe you, -whichever(无论哪-个)→Whichever team wins,we will celebrate. -however(无论怎样)→However hard he tries,he can't pass the test. 2.t作形式主语的固定句型拓展 -It happens that.…(f碰巧…)→It happened that I met my old friend in the street. -It is reported that..(据s报道…)→It is reported that the temperature will drop tomorrow. -It seems that..(似乎.…)→It seems that she is not interested in the book. -It is said that...(据说…)→It is said that he has gone abroad for further study. 高中|英语1外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 考法一：引导词that与what的辨析 ·核心：根据从句是否完整（是否缺主语、宾语或表语）判断使用that(从句完整，无意义不充当成分)或 what(从句缺成分，表“.…的内容事物”并作从句成分) ·真题1（语法填空）： --he wants is a new bike. -答案：What解析：从句“he wants”缺少宾语，需用what作wants的宾语，表“他想要的东西”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -_we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. A.That B.What -答案：A解析：从句“we will have a picnic tomorrow”主谓结构完整，不缺成分，用that引导，无意 义仅起连接作用。 考法二：引导词与时态结合辨析 ·核心：根据从句是否缺成分选择引导词(that/what),并结合主从时态一致原则确定从句谓语动词时态 ·真题1（语法填空）： --he discovered yesterday is that the earth_(go)around the sun. -答案：What;goes解析：第一空，从句“he discovered”缺宾语，用what作宾语；第二空，从句陈 述客观真理，时态不受主句影响，用一般现在时，主语the earth为三单，谓语用goes。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -_we _(hold)the party next week hasn't been decided yet. A.When;will hold B.When;hold C.What;will hold D.What;hold -答案：A解析：第一空，从句“we..the party next week”不缺成分且询问时间，用when引导；第二 空，主句为现在时，从句时间标志词“next week'”表将来，用一般将来时will hold。. 考法三：主语从句综合应用及错误辨析 ·核心：结合引导词选用、形式主语t的使用及语序规则，判断复杂语境下的主语从句正确形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： --he managed to solve the problem in such a short time is still unknown to us all. A.What B.That C.How D.If -答案：C解析：从句“he managed to solve the problem”主谓宾结构完整，排除需作成分的what;if 不可导主语从句，排除D;结合语境“如何在短时间内解决问题”表方式，用ow引导，在从句中 作方式状语。 ·真题2（语法填空）： It is necessary __we should take immediate action to protect the environment. -答案：that解析：本句为形式主语it结构(It is necessary+主语从句)，从句“we should take immediate action”结构完整，需用that引导(that虽无意义但不可省略)。 高中|英语|外研版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 主语从句解题妙招 引导词选看成分，缺主宾表用what,完整不缺用that; 疑问副词how when why,根据语境表语义； f不可引主从，牢记规测不混淆； 形式主语it先行，真正主语置句末，that引导不可省； 时态呼应看主从，客观真理用一现，时间标志定将来； 陈述语序要遵循，主谓位置别颠倒。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.-she will arrive on time is still uncertain. A.That B.What C.How D.If 2._he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A.That B.What C.Which D.How 3.It is important_we should keep calm in an emergency. A.if B.what C.that D.whether 4._team will win the championship depends on their performance in the final. A.Which B.What C.That D.Where 5.he managed to finish the task alone is a mystery to us. A.When B.What C.That D.How 6.__we need is more time and resources to complete the project. A.That B.What C.Which D.Whether 7.It is reported _the temperature will rise by 50 tomorrow. A.if B.what C.that D.how 8._you did yesterday was not in line with our company rules. A.That B.What C.Which D.Where 9._the meeting will be held has not been announced yet. A.When B.What C.That D.If 10.he failed the exam made his parents very disappointed. A.What B.That C.How D.Which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.he wants to buy is a laptop. 2.It is a pityyou didn't attend the lecture. 3.we will start the project depends on the boss's decision. 4.she told me yesterday was quite shocking. 5.It is necessary-we should wear masks in public places. 6.-team wins the game will represent our school in the final. 7.he suddenly left without saying goodbye is confusing. 8.It is said_the new policy will be carried out next month. 9.you choose to do next is up to you 10._the accident happened is still under investigation. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It is known to all 1._the environment is crucial to human survival.However,2.we can protect it effectively remains a big challenge.Some people think 3.-reducing plastic use is the key,while others believe 4.-developing clean energy is more important. Last week,our class discussed 5.-we could contribute to environmental protection.6.-surprised everyone was that many students suggested starting with small daily actions,such as recycling waste and saving water.Our teacher emphasized 7._it is never too late to take action. In fact,8.-really matters is not what we say but what we do.9.-we can stick to these small habits will determine 10._our environment will improve in the future. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.B9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.What 2.that 3.When 4.What 5.that 6.Which 7.That 8.that 9.What 10.How 演练三：语法填空试题 1.that 2.how 3.that 4.that 5.how 6.What 7.that 8.what 9.Whether 10.if/whether 高中|英语|外研版|必修2