必修2 情态动词用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） Chapter1情态动词与非谓语动词 考频分析 情态动词是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响语气表达与语境适配性）。在 语境理解类题目中，情态动词的推测用法、语气强弱及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对情态动词用法的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本意义辨析：can/could表能力或许可、may/might表可能性或许可、must/have to表必须或推测、 should/ought to表建议或义务、will/would表意愿或习惯的语义区分； ·推测用法层级：must(肯定推测)、may/might(可能推测)、can't(否定推测)在不同时态（现在、过 去)中的结构与语境判断； ·虚拟语气应用：could/would/should/.might在非真实条件句（与现在、过去、将来事实相反）中的固定搭 配及倒装结构。 精讲精练 知识点一：情态动词用法 ·1.基本特征（表语气，后接动词原形） 一核心功能：表示说话人的语气（能力、许可、推测、义务等），自身无实际意义，后必须接动词原形。 -否定形式：直接在情态动词后加not(can-→can't,must→nustn't,should-→shouldn't等) -疑问形式：将情态动词提至句首(Can you swim？Should we go now?) ·2.常见情态动词及用法分类 一能力与许可类： *can/could(can表现在/将来能力，could表过去能力或委婉请求)→例句：口She can speak three languages.(现在能力)口Could I borrow your pen?(委婉请求) *may/might(may表许可，might表委婉许可或可能性更低的推测)→例句：You may leave early today..(许可)口It might rain tomorrow.(推测) -义务与建议类： *must/have to(must表主观必须，have to表客观需要)→例句：☐Ne must obey traffic rules.(主 观必须)口She has to work late tonight.(客观需要) *should/ought to(表建议或责任，ought to后接to+动词原形)→例句：口You should study harder.. (建议)口Ve ought to help the poor..(责任) -推测类（对现在过去情况的判断）： *must(肯定推测，”一定")/can't(否定推测，”不可能")→例句：口He must be at home.(肯定 推测)☐She can't be16;she looks older.(否定推测) *may/might//could(可能性推测，”可能”，might语气最弱)→例句：口They might arrive late.(可 能性推测) ·3.特殊用法与注意事项 -can与be able to:can只有现在/过去式，be able to可用于各种时态→例句：Ve will be able to finish the project next week. -mustn't与needn't:mustn't表”禁止”，needn't表”不必”→例句：口You mustn't smoke here.(禁止) 口You needn't come early.(不必) -情态动词+have done(表对过去的推测或虚拟)： *must have done(过去一定做了)→例句：He must have finished the work. *should have done(本应该做却未做)→例句：You should have told me the truth 必修2|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词用法 ·1.不定式(todo)》 一口功能：表目的、结果、将来动作或主语宾语 -口基本结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to do) 一口用法示例： *作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) *作宾语：She wants to buy a new book.(她想买一本新书) *作目的状语：He studies hard to pass the exam.(为了通过考试他努力学习) *作结果状语：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车 已经开走了) ·2.动名词(doing) 一口功能：表抽象动作、习惯性行为，可作主语、宾语、表语 -口基本结构：动词原形+ing(否定式：not doing) -口用法示例： *作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) *作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐) *固定搭配：be used to doing(习惯于做某事)→He is used to getting up early.(他习惯早起) ·3.分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done) -口现在分词：表主动、进行（与逻辑主语是主动关系） *作定语：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟) *作状语：alking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友) -口过去分词：表被动、完成（与逻辑主语是被动关系） *作定语：The broken window needs repairing.(破窗户需要修理) *作状语：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful..(从山上看，这座城市很美) ·4.非谓语动词的时态与语态 一口不定式的时态： *一般式(todo):表示动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生→I hope to see you soon.(我希望很快见 到你) *完成式(to have done):表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，He seems to have finished the work.(他 好像已经完成了工作) 一口分词的时态与语态： *现在分词完成式(having done):表示动作发生在谓语动词之前→Having finished homework,he went out to play..(做完作业后，他出去玩了) *过去分词的被动式(done):表示被动且完成→The problem discussed yesterday is very important.. (昨天讨论的问题很重要)》 ·5.注意事项 -口不定式作宾补时，某些动词后省略to(使役动词let/make/have,感官动词see/hear/watch等)→ I saw him fall off the bike.(我看见他从自行车上摔下来了) 一口动名词与不定式作宾语的区别： *remember doing(记得做过某事)→I remember meeting her before.(我记得以前见过她) *remember to do(记得要做某事)→Remember to post the letter.(记得寄这封信) -口独立主格结构：逻辑主语+分词，在句中作状语→Neather permitting,we will go hiking tomorrow. (如果天气允许，我们明天去徒步旅行) 知识点三：情态动词进阶用法 ·1.推测语气对比（高考核心） 一肯定推测： *口must(9o%可能性)→例句：The ground is wet;it must have rained last night. *口should(8o%可能性)→例句：He should be in the office now-he usually arrives at9, -否定推测： *☐can't(O%可能性)→例句：She can't speak French一she never studied it. *口shouldn't(2o%可能性)→例句：They shouldn't be late if they took the early train. ·2.虚拟语气应用（高考难点） 一与现在事实相反： *口If I were you,I would take the job.(be动词统一用were) 一与过去事实相反： *口You could have passed the exam if you had studied harder.(情态动词+have done) -建议句型： *口lt's time we should start the meeting.(should不可省略) ·3.情态动词被动语态（高考易错） -基本结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 *口This work must be finished by Friday.(必须被完成) *口The rules should be followed by everyone.(应该被遵守) -特殊：need doing=need to be done *The room needs cleaning.(=needs to be cleaned) ·4.情景交际应答（高考常老） 一请求允许： *口-Could I use your phone？-Yes,you can.(不用could回答) -拒绝建议： *口-You should try this new restaurant..一I might,,butI'm too busy this week.(委婉拒绝用might) -推测回应： *☐一He must be angry.一He can'tbe-he smiled at me just now.(否定推测用can't) ·5.时态特殊搭配（高考拓展） 一将来能力： *☐|will be able to speak Spanish fluently next year..(不用can) 一过去习惯： *口When I was young,I could swim across the river..(表过去一般性能力) 一持续许可： *口You may keep the book for two weeks.(延续性许可用may) 必修2|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 考法一：情态动词推测用法辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断推测的肯定否定程度及时间（现在过去），选择正确情态动词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The light is on in his room,so he-be at home now. 一答案：ust解析：由”灯亮着”这一肯定证据可知为90%以上确定的肯定推测，用must表”一定”，符 合知识点三第1点肯定推测must的用法。 ·真题2（单项选择）： She looks upset.You_have told her the bad news yesterday. A.must B.should C.can D.need -答案：B解析：由”本应该做却未做”的语境及时间标志词"yesterday'”可知，此处需用should have done结构表对过去的虚拟，符合知识点一第3点情态动词+have done的用法。 考法二：情态动词+非谓语动词综合应用 ·核心：结合情态动词表推测义务的功能与非谓语动词作定语状语的用法，判断句子成分及逻辑关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The students_(finish)their homework before going out,but they forgot -答案：should have finished解析：由"forg ot'”可知动作发生在过去，结合语境”本应该完成却末做”，用 情态动词+have done结构；should have finished表虚拟语气中的末完成义务。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The teacher advised us_(take)notes while listening to the lecture A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken -答案：C解析：advise后接不定式作宾补，构成固定搭配advise sb.to do sth.;此处非谓语动词to take表具体动作，符合语境”建议做某事”。 考法三：情态动词与非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断情态动词表推测义务的用法，同时正确选择非谓语动词形式（不定式分词）作定 语、状语或宾语补足语 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The teacher suggested that we_more attention to_English every day. A.pay;practicing B.should pay;practice C.paid;practiced D.must pay;to practice -答案：A解析：第一空考查情态动词用法，suggest表”建议”时其后宾语从句需用”should+动词原形”， should可省略，故第一空填pay;第二空考查非谓语动词，pay attention to中to为介词，后接动名词 作宾语，practice的动名词形式为practicing。 ·真题2（语法填空）： You-(not park)here!The sign says cars_(keep)out.It's dangerous to leave your car in a fire lane. -答案：mustn't park;must be kept解析：第一空考查情态动词否定用法，根据语境”禁止停车”，用 mustn't表禁止，后接动词原形park;第二空考查情态动词被动语态，主语cars与keep为被动关系， 结构为”情态动词+be+过去分词”，keep的过去分词为kept,结合句意用must表”必须”，故填must be kept。 必修2|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.You _have told me the truth yesterday.Now it's too late to fix the problem. A.must B.should C.can D.need 2.The ground is covered with snow.It _snowed heavily last night. A.must B.might C.should D.would 3.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,you_.But please return it by Friday. A.could B.might C.can D.should 4.The teacher advised us_notes while reading the passage. A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken 5.He seems_the news already.His eyes are red. A.to hear B.hearing C.to have heard D.having heard 6.You _smoke in the library.It's against the rules. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.wouldn't 7.The problem _at the meeting yesterday is about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 8.If I_you,I would choose to study abroad. A.am B.was C.were D.be 9.Remember-the door when you leave the room. A.locking B.to lock C.lock D.locked 10.The students_more attention toEnglish pronunciation. A.should pay;improve B.pay;improving C.should pay;improving D.paid;improve 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We_(finish)the project by next month if we work hard. 2.You_(not swim)in this river.It's very deep and dangerous. 3.She pretended_(not see)me when I passed by her desk. 4.-(learn)a foreign language well requires a lot of practice. 5.The book_(write)by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 6.They_(arrive)at the station by now.Let's call them to check. 7.He suggested_(hold)a meeting to solve the problem. 8.You (tell)me the truth earlier.I could have helped you. 9._(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a big garden. 10.The children are made_(clean)their rooms every weekend. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to ask for your help.I have a problem with my English study.I find it difficult 1.-(remember) new words,and I often make mistakes in grammar.Last week,my teacher said I 2.-(pay)more attention to my writing.She suggested I 3.-(keep)a diary every day,but I don't know what 4.-(write)about. Yesterday,I met Mary,who used to struggle with English too.She told me that reading English novels helped her a lot.She said I 5.-(try)reading simple stories first,and I 6.-(not worry)about making mistakes."You 7.-(learn)from your mistakes,"she said. I think her advice is good.This morning,I went to the library 8.(borrow)a novel.The librarian recom- mended *The Little Prince*,which is said to be easy 9.(read).I hope I 10.-(improve)my English soon with your encouragement. Best wishes,Li Hua 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.C5.C6.B7.B8.C9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.will be able to finish 2.mustn't swim 3.not to see 4.To learn 5.written 6.should have arrived 7.holding 8.should have told 9.Seen 10.to clean 演练三：语法填空 1.to remember 2.should pay 3.(should)keep 4.to write 5.should try 6.needn't worry 7.can learn 8.to borrow 9.to read 10.will be able to improve 必修2|英语|外研版