必修1 -ing-ed形容词用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） Chapter1-ing/-ed形容词用法与非谓语动词 考频分析 -ig/-ed形容词用法是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择(1-2题)入、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（影响语境理解与选项判断）。在 语境辨析类题目中，-ig形容词（表事物特征）与-ed形容词（表人内心感受）的区分及适用场景往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对-ingl-ed形容词用法的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·构成与含义辨析：-ing形容词（如exciting,interesting)与-ed形容词（如excited,interested)的词形 构成规则，以及前者表“令人…的”、后者表“感到…的”的核心含义差异； ·句法功能应用：在句子中作定语、表语、宾语补足语时的选择依据，修饰人或事物时的搭配原则（如修 饰人常用-ed形容词，修饰事物常用-ing形容词)； ·语境辨析与固定搭配：结合具体语境判断情感态度指向，以及某些动词转化的形容词在固定搭配中的使 用（如be interested in,a surprising result)o 精讲精练 知识点一：-ing/-ed形容词用法 ·-ing形容词（表事物特征，意为“令人…的”） -构成：动词原形+ing -常见例词：interesting(有趣的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)、boring(无聊的) -例句：口The movie is very interesting..(电影具有“有趣”的特征)·This book is boring.(书具有 “无聊”的特征) ·ed形容词（表人内心感受，意为“感到…的”） -构成：动词原形+ed(规则变化) -常见例词：interested(感兴趣的)、excited(兴奋的)、bored(感到无聊的) -例句：☐She is interested in music.(她内心感到“感兴趣”)☐They were excited about the news. (他们内心感到“兴奋”) ·用法对比 -修饰物/事用-ing:The story sounds exciting.(故事令人兴奋) -修饰人/表人感受用-ed:We felt excited after hearing the story..(我们感到兴奋) -易错点：避免混淆修饰对象→错误：He is very interesting.(正确：He is very interested.他感到有 趣) 【即学即练】 1.【-ing/-ed形容词辨析】选择正确的形容词填空：The game is_(excite),and all the players are (excite). A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited 2.【修饰对象判断】请判断句子中划线形容词使用是否正确，错误的请改正：He is very boring with the lesson. 3.【用法对比】 形容词修饰事物，表“令人…的”； 一形容词修饰人，表“感到…的”。 A.-ed;-ing B.-ing;-ed C.-ing;-ing D.-ed;-ed 4.【固定搭配】“对…感兴趣”的正确表达是： A.be interesting in B.be interested in C.be interesting at D.be interested at 5.【易错点纠正】改正错误句子：The bored boy is reading an interested book. 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：非谓语动词作宾语补足语 ·感官动词+宾语+不带t和的不定式（表动作全过程或经常性动作） 1.常见感官动词 -see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉到)、Ilet(让)、make (使)、have(使，让) 2.结构 一主语+感官动词+宾语+动词原形 -例句：I often hear her sing in the morning.(听见她唱歌的全过程，用原形sing)We watched the children play games in the park.(观看孩子们玩游戏的全过程，用原形play) ·感官动词+宾语+现在分词（表动作正在进行或主动） 一结构 *主语+感官动词+宾语+动词现在分词(doing)》 *例句：I heard her singing when I passed her room.(经过时听见她正在唱歌，用singing)口They noticed a man running out of the building.(注意到男人正在跑出大楼，用running) ·使役动词+宾语+过去分词（表被动或动作已完成） -常见使役动词 *have(使，让)、get(使，让)、make(使)、keep(保持)、leave(使处于某种状态) -结构 *主语+使役动词+宾语+动词过去分词 *例句：口My mother had her hair cut yesterday.(头发被剪，用过去分词cut)口He got his bike repaired last week.(自行车被修理，用过去分词repaired) ·动词+宾语+todo不定式（表主动、将来或未完成的动作） 一常见动词 *ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、wish(希望)、expect(期望)、encourage(鼓励)、advise (建议) 一结构 *主语+动词+宾语+to+动词原形 *例句：☐The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.(要求我们去完成作业，用to finish) She wants me to go shopping with her tomorrow.(想要我明天去购物，用togo) ·特殊情况：help后接宾语补足语的用法 -可省略to:help+宾语+动词原形 *例句：He often helps his mother do housework.(帮助妈妈做家务，可省略to,用原形do) -不可省略to:在被动语态中help后需加to *例句：She was helped to carry the heavy box by him.(被帮助搬箱子，被动语态中用to carry) 知识点三：非谓语动词作定语和状语 ·非谓语动词作定语 1.todo(不定式，表将来或日的) -修饰名词，置于名词后 -例句：口I have a lot of homework to finish tonight..(要完成的作业，表将来)☐She is looking for a room to live in.(用来居住的房间，表目的) 2.doing(现在分词，表主动或进行) 一修饰名词，可置于名词前或后 -例句：The falling leaves are beautiful.(正在飘落的叶子，表进行，置于名词前)口The girl singing in the park is my sister..(正在唱歌的女孩，表主动，置于名词后) 3.done(过去分词，表被动或完成) 一修饰名词，可置于名词前或后 -例句：口The broken window needs repairing.(已t破碎的窗户，表完成，置于名词前)The novel written by Lu Xun is popular.(被鲁迅写的小说，表被动，置于名词后) ·非谓语动词作状语 1.todo(不定式，表目的、结果或原因) -目的状语：常置于句首或句尾，用“in order to”“so as to'”加强语气 *例句：He got up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶早班车) -结果状语：常与“only”连用表意外结果 *例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(结果发现火车已开走) 一原因状语：置于句首，表情感类形容词的原因 *例句：’m glad to see you.(见到你很高兴) 2.doing(现在分词，表主动或伴随) -时间状语：相当于时间状语从句，常用“while/when+doing” *例句：Nalking in the street,she met an old friend.(在街上走时) 一伴随状语：表与主句动作同时发生的次要动作 *例句：He sat there reading a newspaper..(坐着读报纸) 一原因状语：置于句首，表主动原因 *例句：Being ill,,he didn't go to school..(因为生病) 3.done(过去分词，表被动或完成) 一时间状语：相当于被动意义的时间状语从句 *例句：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..（从山上看，城市很美) 一条件状语：相当于被动意义的条件状语从句 *例句：Given more time,we can finish the work better..(如果给更多时间) -让步状语：常与“though./although”连用 *例句：Though told many times,he still made the same mistake.(尽管被告知多次) ·特殊老点（高中易错） 一独立主格结构：逻辑主语+非谓语动词，表独立主格 *例句：Weather permitting,we will go for a picnic.(天气允许的话) 一悬垂分词：分词逻辑主语需与主句主语一致，否侧错误 *错误：Looking out of the window,the park is beautiful.(应改为：Looking out of the window,I find the park beautiful. 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 考法一：ing/ed形容词辨析 ·核心：根据修饰对象（人/事物)及语境含义（表特征感受），选择正确的-ed或ig形容词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The children were_(excite)when they heard the_(excite)news. -答案：excited exciting解析：第一空修饰人(children),表内心感受，用excited;第二空修饰事物 (news),表特征“令人兴奋的”，用exciting。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The lecture was so-that many students felt-and fell asleep. A.bored boring B.boring bored C.boring boring D.boredbored -答案：B解析：第一空修饰事物(lecture),表特征“无聊的”，用boring;第二空修饰人(students), 表感受“感到无聊的”，用bored。 考法二：ing/-ed形容词与非谓语动词作定语的综合应用 ·核心：区分-ing-ed形容词修饰人l物的用法，结合非谓语动词(doing/done)作定语表主动/被动、进行/完 成的功能 ·真题1（语法填空）： The_(excite)children are talking about the_(interest)story_(write)by a famous author. -答案：excited interesting written解析：第一空修饰人”children”,表内心感受用-ed形容词excited;第 二空修饰物”story'",表事物特征用-ing形容词interesting;第三空”story”与”write”是被动关系，用过 去分词written作后置定语表被动。 ·真题2（完形填空）： We were deeplyby the_speech_by the professor yesterday. A.moved moving giving B.moving moved given C.moved moving given D.moving moved giving -答案：C解析：第一空修饰人"we”,表感受用moved;第二空修饰物”speech”,表特征用moving;第 三空"speech”与"give”是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词given,.故选C。 考法三：非谓语动词与-ing/-ed形容词的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境区分ig-ed形容词的修饰对象，判断非谓语动词作定语/状语/宾语补足语时的形式(to do/doing/done) ·真题1（单项选择）： -Thechildren were all_by the_story told by the teacher. A.exciting excited interested B.excited exciting interesting C.excited interested boring D.interesting bored exciting 一答案：B解析：第一空修饰人“children”用-ed形容词“excited”(感到兴奋的)；第二空表人的感受 “被…打动”用-ed形容词“excited”;第三空修饰物“story'”用-ing形容词“interesting”(令人感兴 趣的)。A项第一空“exciting”修饰人错误，C项第二空“interested”与“by”搭配不当，D项第 空“interesting”修饰人错误、第三空“exciting”与“story”搭配逻辑不符。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(walk)along the street,I saw a_(surprise)scene-a_(tire)dog_(run)after a_(fly)bird.The people around looked _(amaze). -答案：Walking surprising tired running flying amazed解析：第一空“walk”与主句主语“I”是主动 关系，作伴随状语用现在分词“Walking”;第二空修饰物“scene”用-ing形容词“surprising”(令 人惊讶的)；第三空修饰人“dog”用-ed形容词“tired”(感到疲倦的)；第四空“dog”与“run”是 主动关系且表正在进行，作宾语补足语用现在分词“running”;第五空修饰物“bird”用-ing形容词 “flying”(正在飞的)，作定语表进行；第六空修饰人“people”用-ed形容词“amazed”(感到吃惊 的)。 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 ·ing-ed形容词妙招 -修饰对象先分清，人用-ed物用-ing; --ed表感受内心藏，-ing表特征事物强； 一非谓作定看关系，主动doing被动done; -伴随状语主动doing,被动完成用done; -宾语补足看主被动，主动doing被动done; 一综合运用记心间，人感物征是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The movie was so_that the audience felt_throughout the whole time. A.boring bored B.bored boring C.boring boring D.bored bored 2.We noticed a girl_in the park,and her_smile attracted everyone's attention. A.dance charming B.dancing charmed C.dance charmed D.dancing charming 3.The_students are listening to a lecture given by a famous scientist. A.interested interesting B.interesting interested C.interested interested D.interesting interesting 4.My parents often tell me-more books,but I sometimes find it hard-focused for a long time. A.reading keeping B.to read to keep C.read to keep D.to read keeping 5.-from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a colorful carpet. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 6.The teacher asked us _the classroom before leaving,and we saw some students_the windows. A.cleaning clean B.to clean cleaning C.clean to clean D.to clean clean 7.I was deeply by the_story_by my grandmother last night A.moved moving told B.moving moved telling C.moved moved told D.moving moving telling 8.She wants_her English,so she practices_English every morning. A.improving speaking B.to improve to speak C.to improve speaking D.improving to speak 9.The_child wasby thetoys in the shop. A.exciting interested interesting B.excited interested interesting C.excited interesting interested D.exciting interesting interested 10.the homework,he went to bed early,but he still felt-after a long day. A.Finishing tired B.Finished tiring C.Having finished tired D.To finish tiring 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The _(excite)news made all the children_(jump)with joy. 2.I heard her(sing)when I passed her room,and her voice sounded_(beauty). 3.The_(break)cup needs_(repair)before my mother comes back. 4._(learn)English well,he spends two hours_(read)every day. 5.The_(interest)students are talking about the movie_(direct)by Zhang Yimou. 6.My father had his car_(wash)yesterday,and the(clean)car looks brand-new. 7.She felt_(surprise)when she saw the_(amaze)gift on her desk. 8.The teacher told us _(not talk)in class,but some students kept_(whisper). 9.(walk)along the street,I met an old friend_(carry)a heavy bag. 10.The _(bore)lecture made many students_(feel)sleepy. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to a park with my friends.We saw a group of_(excite)children playing games,and their(laugh)voices filled the air.A young man was sitting on a bench,-(read)a book_(write)by Mo Yan.I wanted(join)them,so I walked over and asked if I could play.They welcomed me warmly,and we spent the whole afternoon_(run)and _(shout). In the evening,we decided_(have)dinner at a restaurant.The food there was_(delicious),and the (serve)was friendly.When I got home,I felt_(tire)but happy.It was a day full of fun and laughter! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.D3.A4.B5.B6.B7.A8.C9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.exciting;jump 2.singing;beautiful 3.broken;repairing/to be repaired 4.To learn;reading 为1 interested;directed 6.washed;clean 7.surprised;amazing 8.not to talk;whispering 9.Walking;carrying 10. boring;feel 演练三：语法填空 1.excited 2.laughing 3.reading 4.written 5.to join 6.running 7.shouting 8.to have 9.delicious 10.tired 必修1|英语|外研版