2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件

2025-12-12
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构词法四大法宝 目录 01 派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法 02 词性转换大闯关 派生法前缀后缀 01 派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词) The cat is unhappy when its toy disappears. (玩具消失时猫猫不开心) un-表示否定,happy → unhappy(开心→不开心) 前缀影响 前缀(改变词义) 开心 4 I dislike broccoli, but I love pizza! (讨厌西蓝花,但披萨是真爱) dis-表示相反,like → dislike(喜欢→讨厌) 前缀影响 前缀(改变词义) 两级反转 5 后缀(改变词性): 后缀作用 通过添加-er、-ful等后缀,实现词汇从动词到名词或形容词的变化。 -er(人):teach → teacher(教→老师) 例句:My teacher dances TikTok better than me!(老师跳抖音比我厉害) -ful(充满):care → careful(小心→细心的) 例句:Be careful! Your phone is falling!(小心!手机要掉啦!) 6 口诀记忆法 前缀后缀加加加, 词性变化顶呱呱! un- dis- 反义词,-er -ful 身份变! 前缀后缀 加前缀: happy --- unhappy 加后缀: enjoy --- enjoybale 既加前缀又加后缀: health ---unhealthy 派生词(derivation) 派生法(Derivation)---词缀法 1. 前缀: Re- Rewrite, return, reuse (重新) dis- (不) disagree , dislike , disappear supermarket, superman super- (超级) in/im- (不) incorrect impossible 常见的后缀 1.名词后缀 : -er -or -tion -ment teacher, worker visitor, actor education, pollution development, movement -ity -ist -hood -ion 名词后缀 : ability, possibility pianist, artist childhood, neighbourhood action, solution, 常见的后缀 2.形容词后缀: -ous -ful -able -ant, -ent -y dangerous, humorous helpful, careful comfortable, important, excellent sunny windy -ern -en -(a)n -ly -less -al eastern southern golden wooden American Australian friendly lovely Careless homeless natural national 3. 副词性的词缀: -ly quickly, softly, yearly 02 合成(Compounding) 有两个或更多的词合成一个词 "单词手拉手" 两个名词相连形成新词,意义为两者结合的新物品或概念。 组合规则 tooth(牙齿)+ brush(刷子)= toothbrush(牙刷), 例句:I forgot my toothbrush... again! 名词组合 名词+名词: 两个名词相连形成新词,意义为两者结合的新物品或概念。 组合规则 形容词+名词 形容词+名词 black(黑色) + board(板) = blackboard(黑板),单词结合创造新意。 口诀记忆法 单词手拉手, 合体变新秀! 牙刷黑板合成走, 考试分数不用愁! 合成法 03 转化法(Conversion) → "变形金刚" 转化法 定义:不改变单词形式,直接转换词性 (如名词→动词、动词→名词等)。 特点:像“变形金刚”,一词多用,灵活高效! 趣味比喻: “一个单词,双重身份!无需化妆,直接‘跨界’!” 21 变形金刚 名词→动词: 单词 名词含义 动词含义 例句(中英对照) water 水 💧 浇水 🌱 I water my plants once a month... if I remember. (我每月给植物浇水一次…如果我记得的话。) book 书 📖 预订 📅 I booked a KTV room for Friday night! (我预订了周五晚的KTV!) Google 谷歌(名词) 用谷歌搜索 “Just Google it!” says the teacher. (老师说:“谷歌一下就知道了!”) phone 电话 打电话 Mom phoned me: “Stop gaming!” (老妈打电话来:“别打游戏了!”) 变形金刚 动词→名词: 单词 动词含义 名词含义 例句(中英对照) talk 说话 谈话 The talk about exams made me nervous. (关于考试的谈话让我紧张。) run 跑 🏃 跑步;管理 📱 I hate morning runs, but I love running a TikTok account! (我讨厌晨跑,但爱运营抖音号!) study 学习 书房;研究 My study is full of manga books. (我的书房里全是漫画书。) call 呼叫 电话;号召 I missed a call from my BFF. (我错过了闺蜜的电话。) 变形金刚 形容词 → 动词(Adj → Verb) 单词 形容词含义 动词含义 例句(中英对照) empty 空的 倒空 I emptied the fridge... because I was hungry! (我清空了冰箱…因为太饿了!) calm 冷静的 使平静 “Calm down!” Mom said, while I failed the game. (我游戏输了,老妈说:“冷静!”) dirty 脏的 弄脏 My cat dirtied my new shoes... again! (我的猫又弄脏了我的新鞋!) 🐱 ① 副词 → 动词: up(向上)→ up(提高) 例句:I upped my score in PUBG! (我提高了吃鸡游戏的分数!) ② 介词 → 动词: by(通过)→ by(经过) 例句:Time bies quickly when you play games! (一打游戏,时间就飞逝!) 变形金刚 其他趣味转化 口诀记忆法 词性变身超灵活, 无需变形直接活! 浇水还是水, 聊天变谈话! 转化法 避坑指南 1. 同形不同音(重音变化): record [ˈrekərd](名词:记录) → record [rɪˈkɔːrd](动词:录制) 例句:I recorded a record of my cat’s meows.(我录制了猫咪叫声的记录。) 2. 同形但易混淆: like(动词:喜欢)vs like(介词:像) 例句:I like people like you! (我喜欢像你这样的人!) 转化法 任务:找出以下句子中“转化法”的单词并解释: 1.I mailed the mail yesterday. (我昨天寄了那封邮件。) 2.Let’s party tonight! (今晚开派对吧!) 3.She eyed the cake hungrily. (她盯着蛋糕直流口水。) 答案: mail(名词→动词); party(名词→动词);eye(名词→动词) 魔术师转化法 转化法(Conversion) taste n. 味道 v.尝起来 { It has a good taste. It tastes very good. record n.记录 v. 记录 { He broke the record. He likes to record something while reading a book. water ,break,watch, boat, cook , open; clean, light; orange; play, colour What are the meanings of these Words? 词性转换大闯关 名词变形容词(加后缀)  -ful: care → careful(细心的) 例句:Be careful with your phone!(手机拿稳了!) -less: hope → hopeless(没希望的) 例句:My math test is hopeless...(数学考试没救了) -y: sun → sunny(晴朗的) 例句:Sunny days are for sleeping!(晴天适合睡觉!) 口诀: 名词变形容,后缀来助攻! -ful是满满,-less空荡荡, -y结尾像太阳! 31 词性转换大闯关 动词变名词(加后缀) -ment: enjoy → enjoyment(乐趣) 例句:The enjoyment of gaming is real!(游戏的快乐是真的!) -tion: invent → invention(发明) 例句:The best invention? Wi-Fi!(最棒的发明?无线网!) -er: dance → dancer(舞者) 例句:TikTok made me a dancer!(抖音让我变舞者!) 口诀: 动词变名词,加后缀就行! -ment -tion -er,身份立马成! 32 词性转换大闯关 形容词变副词(加-ly) quick → quickly(快速地) 例句:Eat quickly! The bell is ringing!(快吃!上课铃响了!) happy → happily(快乐地) 例句:She danced happily like a puppy.(她快乐得像只小狗) 例外: good → well(好→好地) 例句:I slept well... until the alarm rang!(睡挺好…直到闹钟响!) 口诀: 形容词变副词,-ly结尾别忘记! good变well要特记, 考试不扣冤枉分! 33 形容词变副词(加-ly)  形容词变副词的终极原因: “为了精准修饰,不当‘形容词的叛徒’!” 形容词只能“贴名词”, 副词却能“四处打工”——修饰动词、形容词、其他副词甚至整个句子! 就像给句子装上“细节放大镜”,让表达更生动具体! 34 形容词变副词(加-ly)  修饰动词: 形容词:He is a quick runner. (他是一名快的跑步者→修饰名词runner) 副词:He runs quickly. (他跑得很快→修饰动词run) 趣味例句: TikTok上,She dances crazy(❌错误) → She dances crazily( ✅ 对)! (形容词crazy不能直接修饰动词dance,必须变副词crazily!) 举个栗子 35 形容词变副词(加-ly)  修饰形容词/其他副词: The game is really exciting! (真的好玩→修饰形容词exciting) He speaks extremely fast. (极其快→修饰副词fast) 搞笑例句:“你作业写得非常非常慢” → “You did your homework extremely slowly!”(两个副词叠加,突出“慢到离谱”!) 修饰整个句子: Luckily, I found my lost AirPods! (幸运的是,我找到了耳机!) “Unfortunately, the teacher forgot to assign homework!” (不幸的是,老师忘记布置作业了!) 举个栗子 36 常见“坑”提醒:  不是所有-ly都是副词! friendly(友好的)→ 形容词(看似副词,实际是形容词!) 例句:The friendly cat waved happily.(友好的猫开心地挥手) 口诀: “friendly是伪装者,-ly结尾也骗人!” 特例要牢记: good(好)→ well(好地) 例句:You did well!(你做得好!) 学生梗:“吃鸡玩得good(❌)→ 吃鸡玩得well(✅)!” 37 04 缩略法(Abbreviation) → "懒人缩写术" 懒人缩写术 首字母缩写: NASA(美国宇航局) = National Aeronautics and Space Administration 例句:NASA found aliens? Not yet! (NASA找到外星人?还没呢!) 截短法: advertisement → ad(广告) 例句:Skip the ad! I just want to watch the video! (跳过广告!我要看视频!) 口诀记忆法 懒人缩写术, 省时又省力! NASA不是那啥,ad不是阿弟! 缩略法 错误句:“She sings beautiful.” → 哪里错了? 答案:beautiful是形容词,不能修饰动词sings, 必须改成beautifully! 趣味改句:“她唱歌像百灵鸟” → “She sings beautifully like a lark!”   1、单项选择 37.We believe that we can hold the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games ________. A.Successful B.successfully C.success D.succeed 2、单词分类 A.calling B.often C.scientific D.fantastic E.helping F.usually 42.Thank you for ________/________ me. 43.They ________/_______ play basketball after school. 44.The invention is very ________/________. B A E B F C D 用词的正确形式填空 94.Guangxi organized some ________ teams to leave for Wenchuan to help the people there (medicine) 87.—Are you Canadian? —No.I am ________.( Australia) 93.—Who lives ________ from the school. Sam,Amy or Linda? —Linda.(far ) Australian farthest medicial 短文填空 Dolphins are 71.___________ (interest) animals and researchers find them smart to watch. They 72._________ (have) no hands,but can use tools to solve problems,just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own,but they can understand many sign 73._________(language). They can respond(反应) quite74._________ (correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at 75._________ (do) our “intelligent (智能的) tests”. interesting have languages correctly doing 谢谢 $

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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件
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