Unit 3 School Clubs-被动语态（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版）

被动语态 《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版） Unit 3 School Clubs语法 导 入 目 录 01.定义及基本结构 02. 主动语态变被动语态 03. 各时态下的被动语态 04. 主动表被动的情况 05. 巩固练习 I 什么是语态？ Wukong caught the thief. 悟空抓小偷。 The thief was caught by Wukong. 小偷被悟空抓。 什么成分发生了变化 主语 谓语 和 语态就是：主语和谓语之间的关系 I 什么是被动语态？ Wukong caught the thief. 悟空抓小偷。 The thief was caught by Wukong. 小偷被悟空抓。 是主语 是动作的执行者 是主语 是动作的承受者 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 I 被动语态的基本结构 Wukong caught the thief. The thief was caught Wukong. 被动语态的结构：承受者+be+过去分词+（by+执行者） by I 动词的过去分词 直接加-ed 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音+ed play → played work → worked 以 “e” 结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “-d” listen → listened like→liked invite → invited study → studied stop → stopped cry → cried drop → dropped love → loved carry → carried 动词的规则变化 I 动词的过去分词 直接加-ed 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音+ed play → played work → worked 以 “e” 结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “-d” listen → listened like→liked invite → invited study → studied stop → stopped cry → cried drop → dropped love → loved carry → carried 动词的规则变化 I 以下哪些句子是被动语态？ A. My grandmother is cooking in the kitchen. B. Dinner was cooked by my mother yesterday. C. The work will be finished by Tom in 3 days. D. The students have travelled to France. E. The rooms are being painted by the workers now. Tip： 1. be+及物动词过去分词 2. by+宾语 will be finished was cooked are being painted I 被动语态的基本句型 一、肯定句： 主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by ...） eg. The thief was caught by Wukong . 二、否定句： 主语 + be not + 过去分词（+ by ...） eg. The thief was not caught by Wukong. I 被动语态的基本句型 Be+ 主语 + 过去分词（+ by ...）？ Yes, 主语 + be./No, 主语 + be not. 一般疑问句 Was the thief caught by Wukong? Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问词 + be (+ 主语) + 过去分词（+ by ...）？ 特殊疑问句 How was the thief caught by Wukong? I 使用被动语态的情况 1.强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者 English is spoken worldwide. 2.不知道或没必要说明执行者 My watch was stolen yesterday. This house was built in 1990. I 主动语态变被动语态 Wukong beat Bajie. Bajie was beat Wukong. by 步骤 1 将主动语态的宾语(Bajie) 作被动语态的主语(Bajie) 谓语动词变为“ be+及物动词的过去分词( was beat)”，并通过 be的变化来表现出不同的时态(词句为过去时）。 步骤 2  主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语( by Wukong)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时 by短语可以省略) 步骤 3 I 特殊情况 Wukong listened to the music. The music was listened to by Wukong. Bajie looks after his master. His master is looked after by Bajie. No1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。 I They gave the children many good books. The children were given many good books by them. Many good books were given to the children by them. 间接宾语转化为主语 人：间接宾语 物：直接宾语 直接宾语转化为主语 Tip： 1.有些及物动词，如give,send,take,bring,tell,show等，直接宾语转化为主语时， 被保留的间接宾语前通常加 to. 2. 有些及物动词，如buy,make,find,get,draw等,直接宾语变为主语时， 被保留的间接宾语前通常加 for. NO2. 句子谓语是双宾语及物动词，将间接宾语或将直接宾语转化为句子主语均可。 I 特殊情况 使役动词的被动语态： Wukong makes us cook the food every day. We are made to cook the food every day. make sb do be made to do let sb do be let to do have sb do be had to do No3. 当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去to的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上to I 特殊情况 感官动词的被动语态： Bajie saw a girl cross the road just now. A girl was seen to cross the road just now. see/notice sb do be seen/noticed to do hear sb do be heard to do watch sb do be watched to do No3. 当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去to的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上to I 特殊情况 help的被动语态： Bajie helped the old man cross the road just now. The old man was helped to cross the road just now. help sb (to) do be helped to do No3. 当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去to的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上to I 特殊情况 I know that the earth is round. It is known that the earth is round. They say that Mike always cooks the meals. It is said that Mike always cooks the meals. No4. 主动语态的宾语是句子（宾语从句），变为被动语态时通常用it作形式主语，真正主语放在后面。 I 各时态下的被动语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 be/do/does was/ were, did am/ is / are + done was/ were + done 一般将来时 过去将来时 will do would do will + be + done would + be + done 现在进行时 过去进行时 am/is/are + doing was/were + doing am/ is / are + being + done was/ were + being + done 现在完成时 过去完成时 have/has + done had + done have/has + been + done had + been + done I 各时态下的被动语态 一般现在时 & 一般过去时 Bajie is attracted by the beautiful girl outside the window. 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般现在时：am/is/are + done Bajie was told that there wasn’t any food. I 各时态下的被动语态 一般将来时 & 过去将来时 An important meeting will be held in our school. 过去将来时：would be + done 一般将来时：will/shall be + done Bajie told Wukong a new shopping mall would be built in his hometown next year. I 各时态下的被动语态 现在进行时 & 过去进行时 Bajie is being praised by his master. 过去进行时：was/were being + done 现在进行时：am/is/are being + done When the master came, Wukong was being laughed at. I 各时态下的被动语态 The buildings have been built for 5 years. 过去完成时：had been + done 现在完成时：have/has been + done She said that magazines had been sold out. I 各时态下的被动语态 情态动词 The homework must be finished today. 情态动词：情态动词 + be done Bajie must be praised for his progress in learning. 口诀： Be是变形金刚，时态全靠它扛！现在 am/is/are，过去was/were 来上； 进行 being 来帮忙，完成 been 不能忘； 将来 will 打头阵，过去进行 being 双！ 注：最后一句指过去进行时含两个 be 变形：was/were + being I 主动形式表被动含义 The cloth feels very soft. 这种布感觉很柔软。 Your idea sounds good. 你的主意听起来很好。 The food smells good. 这个食物闻起来不错。 Bajie seems happy. 八戒看起来很开心。 1. 系表结构,如look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,seem I The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。 The books sell well. 这些书卖的很好。 The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。 The news spread quickly. 这个消息传播地很快。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争在1937年爆发了。 2.主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词。 如：wash/write/sell/lock/shut/open/move/cut等，特别是后面加副词well/quickly. 3.某些表示“发生”（happen,take place）,“爆发”（break out, burst out）, “传播”（spread）等不及物动词。 I 主动形式表被动含义 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 = The bike needs to be repaired. need/want/require doing=need/want/require to be done The book is is worth reading. 这本书值得一看。 The man is not worth helping. 这个人不值得帮助。 4. 表示“需要”的动词之后，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 5. worth+doing的主动形式表示被动意义。 巩固练习 1.1. Cars _____________ (drive) on the left side of the road in Britain. 2. Sugar _____________ (add) to tea to make it sweeter. 3. The pen___________(write) well. 4. This book is worth_____________ (read) . 5. The sofa_____________ (feel) soft . are driven is added writes reading feels 一、单词的适当形式填空 巩固练习 1. The girl ________ good care________ by her father. 2. The teacher_________ by the students. A. takes; of B. was taken; for C. is taken; of D. was taken; to A. was listen B. was listened to C. listened to D. was listening to 3. The gift was _________ the pretty girl. A. bought for B.bought C.bought to D. showed 4. The picture was _________ the old man. A. showed for B.showed to C.showing D. showed C B A B Summary 01.定义及基本结构 02. 主动语态变被动语态 03. 各时态下的被动语态 04. 主动表被动的情况 Thanks $