内容正文:
五大基本句型
《英语 基础模块2》(语文版2022版)
Unit 1 The Spring Festival语法
导
入
目
录
01. 句子的成分
02. 五大基本句型
03. 巩固练习
认识句子成分
句子成分
概念:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
定语
补足语
状语
认识句子成分
主语(subject)
是一个句子的主体,是全句陈述的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。
eg. The sun rises in the east.(名词)
eg. He likes dancing.(代词)
eg. Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
eg. Seeing is believing.(动名词)
eg. What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
认识句子成分
谓语(predicate)
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
eg. He looked for his bag. (动词短语作谓语)
eg. She can speak English well. (情态动词+动词原形作谓语)
eg. The earth goes around the sun. (实义动词作谓语)
eg. They have finished today’s work. (助动词 +实义动词作谓语)
认识句子成分
表语(predicative)
用来说明主语的性质或状态。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
eg. I feel much better today. (形容词作表语)
eg. The pen is mine. (代词作表语)
eg. They are his students. (名词词组作表语)
eg. Her dream is to go to college. (不定式短语作表语)
认识句子成分
宾语 (object)
表示行为的对象,常用名词或者代词担任,放在及物动词或者介词之后。宾语分为间接宾语(常为人),和直接宾语(常为物)。表示动作、行为的对象
eg. I accepted her wise advice. (名词或名词词组作宾语)
eg. All of us like him. (代词作宾语)
eg. They began to learn English a year ago. (不定式或不定式短语作宾语)
eg. He enjoys working at night. (动名词或动名词短语作宾语)
认识句子成分
补语(complement)
补语有两种,分别是主语补足语和宾语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语(简称宾补)——有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加 部分内容对宾语进行补充说明。
eg.We elected him monitor. (名词)
eg. We will make them happy. (形容词)
eg. We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
eg. His father help him to do his homework. (带to不定式)
认识句子成分
定语(attribute)
修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
eg. He is a Chinese teacher. (名词)
eg. He is our friend. (代词)
eg. I have three books. (数词)
eg. He is a good student. (形容词)
认识句子成分
状语(adverbial)
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或 句子。 表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式等。
eg. How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
eg. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
eg. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
eg. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
基本句型
句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
S + V
eg. They have gone.
eg. The rain stopped.
eg. Time flies.
eg. He is playing.
a. 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
基本句型
句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
S + V
eg. We have lived in the city for ten years.
eg. The pen writes well.
eg. The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
eg. Li Ming works very hard.
b. 句型一的扩展: 主语+不及物动词+状语(这状语可以是副词、介词短语等)
基本句型
句型2:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
S+V+O
eg. I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)
eg. He took his bag.(名词)
eg. Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
eg. She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
a. 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
基本句型
句型2:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
S+V+O
eg. You must listen to me.
eg. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
b. 主语+不及物动词+ 介词+宾语
基本句型
句型3:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
S+V+P
eg. The car is in good condition
eg. Chinese calligraphy is an art form.
eg. My work was teaching French.
a. Be动词
基本句型
句型3:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
S+V+P
eg. He looked tired.
eg. The flower smells pleasant.
eg. The folk music sounds wonderful.
b.感官类动词 (look/feel/smell/sound/ taste)
基本句型
句型3:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
S+V+P
eg. Please keep quiet in the library so as not to disturb others.
eg. The old building has remained standing for hundreds of years despite strong winds.
eg. If you want to stay healthy, you should exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.
d.持续类动词 (keep/remain/stay)
基本句型
句型4: Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ IO(间接宾语)+DO (直接宾语)
S+V+IO+DO
eg. Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
eg. Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
eg. The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
eg. The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
基本句型
句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
S+V+O+OC
eg. The war made him a soldier.
eg. I often find him at work.
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
eg. I saw a cat running across the road.
基本句型
句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
S+V+O+OC
eg. The boss made him do the work all day.
eg. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
注意
动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。
注意
在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。
在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1.Putting up a tent at the beach is an enjoyable activity.
A.状语 B.表语 C.定语 D.宾语
2.I think the boy is old enough to dress himself.
A.谓语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
3.Can you show me a bigger one than this?
A.真正主语 B.形式主语 C.直接宾语 D.间接宾语
4.My father bought me a new bicycle last week.
A.真正主语 B.形式主语 C.直接宾语 D.间接宾语
5.When we read words, we should get the pronunciation right.
A.宾语补足语 B.宾语 C.表语 D.状语
6.Although my grandpa is eighty now, he is in good health.
A.表语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语
巩固练习
Summary
句子
成分
基本句型1:S+V(主+谓)
主干
句子的成分
和基本句型
基本句型2: S+V+P(主+系+表)
基本句型3:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
基本句型4:S+V+IO+DO (主+系+间宾+直宾)
主语:动作的发出者,常位于句首
谓语:动作(有时态、语态、单复数之分)
宾语:动作的承受着,位于及物动词或介词后
状语:相当于副词,说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。
定语:相当于形容词,修饰名词和代词
基本
句型
枝叶
宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的情况
表语:补充说明主语情况,位于系动词之后
基本句型5:S+V+O+OC(主+系+宾+宾补)
Thanks
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