Unit 1 Lights,camera,action! Grammar and usage-Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版（2019）必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦B2 U1-2语法及综合技能，涵盖过去分词作状语、重点词汇（如adapt, regard）、主谓一致等核心知识点。以教材原文例句为导入，搭建从词汇辨析（如cure/treat易混词）到语法应用（如not only...but also...倒装）的学习支架，衔接基础语言知识与综合技能训练。 资料亮点在于例题训练与分层习题设计，包含单词拼写、单句语法、阅读完形及写作任务，通过对比归纳提升思维品质，自主学习任务（如课后巩固）培养学习能力，助力学生语言能力发展，符合新课标核心素养导向，便于教师开展高效教学。

年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B2 U1-2 Grammar - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：过去分词作状语 原文：Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.这部小说改编自拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名小说，讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。(教材P6) 本句中“Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title”，在句中作状语，“based”为过去分词，其逻辑主语和主句主语均为“it”，其与逻辑主语“it”构成被动关系，即：it is based on…。 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 （1）原因状语 Absorbed in the book, the boy didn’t notice his mother came in. 因为全神贯注的在看书，那个男孩没有注意到他妈妈进来。 （2）时间状语 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 （3）条件状语 Given more time, I can do this job better. 如果给我更多的时间，我能把这工作做得更好。 （4）方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 The old man sat on the grass, staring at the sky. 那位老人坐在草地上,凝视着天空。 （5）让步状语 Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。 例题训练： ① ____________ (give) more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 ② ____________ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。 ③ ____________ (born) in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。 Keys：①Given ②Faced ③Born 知识点2：adapt 原文：In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film… 在1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成卡通电影。(教材P6) adapt vt. 改编，改写；使适应 vi. 适应 adaptable adj. 适合的；能适应的；可修改的 adaptation. 适应；改编；改编本，改写本 adapt sth (for sth) 使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况） adapt oneself to sth 适应（新情况） adapt sth into sth 把…改编成… be adapted from 由… 改编成 Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。 It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。 This recipe is an adaptation of an old favourite. 这个食谱是一个传统名食谱的改编。 Tomorrow's workers will have to be more adaptable. 未来的工人必须具有更强的适应性。 例题训练： ①If you start thinking smarter, you can _______________________. 如果你开始更明智地思考，你可以适应气候变化 ②He tried hard to _____________________ the new conditions. 他努力使我自己适应新的状况。 ③The movie ___________________ is well received by people. 这部改编自小说的电影很受人们的欢迎。 Keys： ① adapt for the weather changes ② adapt himself to ③ adapted from a novel 知识点3：regard 原文：…, which is widely regarded as a classic….，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作？(教材P6) regard vt. 将…认为，看待；注视 regardless adj. 不管的，不顾的； adv.不管怎样，无论如何 regard as…将…认为；把…视为；看待 with regard to 关于；至于 in this regard 就这一点而言 in regard to 关于 regard for 对…的注意没，尊重；考虑到 regardless of 无论；不管；不顾 He seemed to regard the whole thing as a joke. 他似乎是把整件事当成玩笑。 I have nothing further to say in this regard. 在这方面，我没什么要说的了。 In regard to time, 30,000 seconds is actually only a little over eight hours. 而以时间的角度，30000秒实际上只有8个多小时。 She had an almost Germanic regard for order. 她简直像德国人一样讲究条理。 例题训练： ①Earthquake sites _____________________ a sad memory rather than a tool to bring in money. 地震遗址应被当作悲伤的回忆，而不应沦为赚钱的工具 ②___________________your questions about my future career choices, I am determined to be an interpreter. 关于你对我未来的职业选择的疑问，我下定决心要做一名口译员。 ③I ___________________ him and what he has achieved. 我非常尊重他和他所取得的成就。 ④Everyone has the right to good medical care _____________________ their ability to pay. 无论支付能力如何，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗。 Keys：①should be regarded as ②In regard to ③have a very high regard for ④regardless of 知识点4：not only… but also… 不仅… 而且… 原文：Not only the animals but also the forest looks so real.不仅是动物，森林看起来也是如此真实。(教材P7) （1）not only… but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，这种强调后者，意为“不仅… 而且…”，其中also有时候可以省略。 （2）not only… but also… 连接两个分句， not only 位于句首时， not only后的分句要用部分倒装。 （3）not only… but also… 连接两个成分作主语时，其谓语动词通常与靠近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则” One should not only observe but also help. 不但要看， 而且要帮。 Not only does she speak Spanish, she's also good with computers. 她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机 Not only the teacher but also all the students are worried about the result of the exam. 不仅是老师，所有的学生也都担心考试的结果。 例题训练： ①Mandela was ___________ a great president, ___________ a great human being. 曼德拉不仅是一位好总统，更是一名伟人。 ②Not only ______________________, they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想涨工资，还想缩短工作时间。 ③Not only Tom but also his children ________________ to New Year's Party. 不但是汤姆，而且他的孩子们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。 Keys： ①not only; but (also) ②do the nurses want a pay increase ③ were invited 知识点5：solution 原文：…, but the film team was able to find a solution. 但是拍摄团队找到了解决的办法。(教材P7) solution n. 解决方法，处理手段，答案 solve vt.解决；解答 a solution to sth …的解决办法,处理手段; …的答案；解；谜底 solve the problem of waste disposal. 解决废物处理的问题。 solve an equation/a puzzle/a riddle 解方程；解难题；解谜 solve a crime/mystery 破案；解开奥秘 There's no simple solution to this problem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 The solution to last week's quiz is on page 81. 上星期测验的答案在第81页。 The government should take effective measures to solve problems that faced by those poor children. 政府应该采取有效的措施来解决贫困儿童面临的问题。 例题训练： ①They expressed cautious optimism about ________________. 他们对解决危机持谨慎的乐观态度 ②I thank you from the bottom of my heart for helping me ________________. 我从心底感激你帮助我解决这一问题。 Keys：①a solution to the crisis ②solve this problem 知识点6：star 原文：The film stars Colin Firth as King George. 这部电影由科林·费斯饰演国王乔治六世。（P9） star v.由……主演；让……主演；主演，担任主角 n. 星；明星；星形；星级 star in在……中担任主演 The studio wants to star her in a film. 制片厂想让她担任一部电影的主角。 My favourite actor will star in the new film.我最喜欢的演员将在这部新电影中担任主角。 Soon the stars appeared in the sky.不久天空中出现了星星 She became a film star as early as 1942. 她早在1942年就成了电影明星。 The guidebook awards this hotel three stars.这本旅游指南把这家旅馆定为三星级。 例题训练： ①When the author was 13 his only purpose was to ________________ (成为明星) on his football team. ② Who is to ________________ (在这部电影中担任主角) has not been finally decided yet. Keys:①become the star② star in the movie 知识点7：suffer 原文：Prince Albert,second son of King George V, suffers from a terrible speech problem. 英国国王乔治五世的次子艾伯特亲王患有严重的语言问题。 suffer vt. & vi. 受苦；遭受；经历 suffering n. 受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n. 受害者；患者 suffer from 遭受...折磨；患...病 She was suffering from a strange disease.她正遭受一种怪病的折磨。 We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。 特别提醒 (1)suffer 和 suffer from一般不用于被动语态。 (2)suffer 用作及物动词时，意思同 experience (体验；经历），其后可跟pain, defeat, hardship, loss, injury, punishment, harm, hunger, failure 等词做宾语； (3)suffer 用作不及物动词时，后常接from,from表示原因，意为“因...而受苦” 知识点8：give up / cure 原文：The prince has given up hope of a cure .王子已经放弃了治愈的希望。（P9） （1）give up放弃，戒掉；交出 I would not give up for anything.我绝不会为任何事情放弃。 【归纳拓展】give短语 give away分发；赠送；出卖，泄露 give in上交；让步；投降 give off发出(光、热、气味等) give out分发，散发；用完；垮掉，失灵 He gave away all his money to the poor. 他把所有的钱都给了穷人 Give in your examination papers now. 现在请把你们的试卷交上来 Give the apples out to the children.把苹果分给孩子们。 例题训练： ①The gas ______________ (发出) an unpleasant smell. ②Our parents told us patiently our money soon ________________(花光) Keys:①gave off ② gave out （2）cure n.治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；对策；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等) a cure for...……的治愈方法；解决问题的措施 cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS. 全世界的科学家都在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。 The doctor devotes himself to the cure of cancer. 这个医生致力于癌症的治疗。 Parents always try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母总是试图纠正孩子的坏习惯。 【易混辨析】cure/treat (1)cure意为“治愈”，侧重“治疗”的结果，可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，常指治疗疾病或革除恶习等。 (2)treat意为“治疗”，强调“治疗”的动作，可构成treat sb. for sth.。 例题训练：用cure/treat的正确形式填空 ①This medicine him of his cough. ②Which doctor is you for your disease? Keys：①cured ②treating 知识点9：get along / eventually 原文：Although the two men have very different backgrounds and do not get along at first,they eventually become friends. 虽然两人背景不同，一开始相处不好，但最终成了朋友。(教材P9) （1）get along 相处；进展。不带宾语，如果要带宾语，需要加with/on. They seemed to be getting along fine.他们好像相处得颇为融洽。 He could not get along with anybody.他跟谁都合不来。 归纳拓展：get短语 get across 讲清楚； (使）被领会 get over 克服 get down to (doing) sth. 开始（做）某事 get through (电话）接通；用完；通过；度过 特别提醒 （1) along 可用on替换，可在with 前加 well,nicely,badly等；along不能写成alone. （2) get along/on可单独使用，表示“进展；相处” （2）eventually adv. 最后，终于 同义表达：finally; at last; in the end I waited for him for three hours, and eventually he came. 等了他三个小时，他终于来了 例题训练： ①Lily studied very hard and ________________(eventual) achieved her aim. ②______________(eventual) he will leave home to lead his own life as a fully independent adult. Keys:① eventually ②Eventually （3）句式剖析：although引导让步状语从句 本句是复合句，although引导的是让步状语从句，主句是they eventually become although意为“尽管”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句，可与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 Although/Though regular exercise is very important,(yet)it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。 引导让步状语从句的词有： (1）as意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首，若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。 (2）while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 (3）even if/though意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。 (4）whether...or...意为“不论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句； (5）no matter+疑问词词-ever,意为“无论…”，引导让步状语从句。 Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply.尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很熟。 No matter when/Whenever you have trouble,you can turn to me for help. 无论什么时候你有困难，你都可以向我求助。 例题训练：单句语法填空 (1)_________it is not comfortable,this journey was impressive and rewarding. (2)Hard_______he tried,he made little progress. (3) Although he is young,________he can speak three languages. (4)Whether he drives _________flies,he will be on time. (5)_______he goes,he'll always be the focus of attention. 【答案】(1) Although/Though/While (2)as/though(3)yet (4)or (5)Wherever 知识点10：typical / fancy 原文：The film looks like a fairly typical historical film without fancy special effects. 这部电影看上去像部颇为典型的历史剧，没有复杂的特效… (教材P9) （1）typical adj. 典型的，具有代表性的 typically adv.有代表性地；典型地；通常 be typical of是……的典型特征 It is typical of sb to do sth.=Typically,+句子做某事是某人的个性；某人一向如此 This is a typical example.这是一个典型的例子。 It is typical of him to come so late.他一向这么晚来。 例题训练： ①It is typical_______students to stay up learning till late night before the final exam ②Light _________ ( typical) travels in a straight line 一句多译 ③___________________________________ ④___________________________________ 她一向上课爱迟到 Keys: ①of ② typically ③ It's typical of her to be late for class. ④Typically, she is late for class. （2）fancy v. 想要，想做；倾慕 adj.复杂的；花哨的；昂贵的 fancy (doing)sth.想要(做)某事 fancy(one’s)doing sth.想要(某人)做某事 fancy sb.to be/as.想象某人是… fancy用于祈使句，表示惊讶、不相信，意为“真想不到，竟然”。 I don't fancy going out this evening. 我今晚不想出去了。 He used many fancy comparisons in his book. 书中他使用了许多奇特的对比。 Fancy you having noticed!没想到你注意到了 例题训练： ①Ican' t fancy him_________(do) such a thing. ②I don' t fancy_________ (go) all that way in such bad weather. ③真想不到在这儿见到你! _______________________ Keys: ①doing ②going ③Fancy seeing you here! 知识点11：narrow 原文：In the meantime, Hooper skillfully creates uncertainty and tension with narrow indoor sets and dark lights.与此同时，Hooper巧妙地利用狭窄的室内布景和昏暗的灯光营造出不确定性和紧张感。(教材P9) narrow adj.狭窄的；勉强的；狭隘的 v. （使）变小；变窄 narrowly adv. 仔细地；勉强地；狭窄地；严密地 narrowness n. 狭小，狭窄；小气 a narrow bed/doorway/shelf/ street 狭窄的床/门口/架子 a narrow victory 险胜 a narrow escape九死一生 narrow interests 目光短浅的利益 This is where the river narrows. 这条河就是在这里变窄的。 narrow the generation gap缩小代沟 例题训练： ①There was only ___________________ between the bed and the wall. 床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。 ②She has ___________________ the world. 她对世界的认识是非常狭隘的。 ③We need to try and ______________________ between rich and poor. 我们需要设法缩小穷人和富人之间的健康差距。 Keys：1. a narrow gap 2. a very narrow view of 3. narrow the health divide 知识点12：all in all / recommend 原文：All in all, I highly recommend this film. 总之，我强烈推荐这部电影。(教材P9) （1）all in all总而言之 All in all, only by living happily every day can you be healthy. 总之，只有每天快乐地生活，你才能健康。 “总而言之”的其他表达： in a word, on the whole, to sum up, in brief/short, in conclusion, to conclude 与all相关的短语 not at all一点儿也不 above all首先，最重要的是 after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先 in all总共；总之 all the same仍然；还是 例题训练： ①All______all, every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off. ② ______ all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75 ③You shouldn’t have blamed him______all. He is a little child. ______all, he made only two mistakes ______all. Keys:①in ② After③ at: After, in （2）recommend recommend vt. 推荐；举荐；劝告；建议 recommendation n. 推荐；建议；推荐信 recommend sth to sb/ recommend sb sth 向某人推荐某物 recommend sth for 推荐某物作… 用途 recommend sb as… 推荐某人担当… 职务 recommend (one’s) doing sth 建议（某人）做某事 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事 I recommend the book to all my students. 我向我所有的学生都推荐这本书。 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 We'd recommend you to book your flight early. 我们建议你早点儿预订航班。 It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year. 建议每年一定把机器检修一次。 例题训练： ①If so, what would you ________________ the most appropriate tool for doing so? 如果是这样，你会推荐为最合适的工具，这样做呢？ ②We strongly recommend _________________________. 我们强烈建议将此事报警。 ③My recommendation is that the machines ________________ every year. 我的建议是每年把机器检修一次。 Keys：①recommend as ②reporting the incident to the police ③(should) be checked 【同步语法梳理】 主谓一致的定义 主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 三大原则 （一）语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1、不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Every part is to be carefully checked before they are put together. 组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。 A big part of the corn is used to feed chickens,pigs and cattle in that country. 在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。 These toys are designed for children under three years old. 这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 2、动名词（短语）、单个的动词不定式（短语）、主语从句、不定代词（anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, either, each）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Smoking is a bad habit. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。 To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣幸。 what you can see here is that you get this interesting pattern. 现在你们可以看到这个有趣的图形。 Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 3、主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Coursework, as well as exam results, is taken into account. 除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 The teacher, along with his students, was present at the meeting yesterday. 这个老师和他的学生都参加了昨天会议 4、and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Mike and Sue are always rowing. 迈克和休总是吵架 Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities. 北京和上海都是大都会。 注意：如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。 The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 A knife and fork is easy for English people. 一副刀叉对于英国人来说是容易的。 5、定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。"one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而＂the (only) one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。 This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.这是莫言所写的小说之一。 She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class. 她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。 I, who am your friend, will help you.我是你的朋友，我将会帮助你 6、“many a（许多）/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 7、在＂It+is/was+被强调部分＋that/who. . . "结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。 It is they who have worked there for five years. 是他们在那里工作了五年 （二）意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1、all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。 All are here and all is ready. 所有的人都已到，一切就绪。 All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。 None have arrived yet. 还无人到来。 None is more qualified for the task than him. 没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。 2、“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 He got back home,finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 3、集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 Almost every family in the country owns a television. 这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。 My family are sports fans. 我们一家人是体育迷。 注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain. 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。 The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever. 中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 4、单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Every means has been tried. 每一个方法都试过了。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有用。 5、以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is a difficult subject for many students.对许多学生来说，政治是一门困难的学科。 The news that he passed the test is exciting.他通过测试的消息激动人心。 6、“the＋形容词 / 分词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人并不都是高兴的。 The wounded were saved by the villagers at last. 最后，村民救了伤员。 7、a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of money is needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的金钱。 A quantity of workers are needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的工人。 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 8、“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of people invited was fifty,but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请的人数是50, 但很多人因不同的原因没来。 9、表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 Three years is a long time for me. 对我来说三年是一段漫长的时间 10、由“kind (type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末举行。 11、由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing.这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers.这条裤子是她的。 （三）就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1、由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also).., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影 Neither you nor I am good at English. 你不擅长英语，我也不擅长 2、在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table. 在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。 单句语法填空 1. Either you or I ________ (be) going to have to take him to the shop. 2. Fish and chips ________ (be) a famous British dish. 3. Skipping meals ________ (be) a bad way to lose weight. 4. "Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step ________ (show)." 5. There is a grocery near the school. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) well in that grocery. 6. When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 7. Neither I nor Amy __________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another. 9. So far, there _________ (be) some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 10. It is Mike, not you, that ________ responsible for this big mistake. 11. The teacher, as well as her students, ________ (invite) to attend the meeting. 12. The population of Jiangsu __________(grow) to more than twice what it was in 1949 and one-third of the population __________(be) farmers. 13. Present at the party ________ (be) a crowd of young people who called themselves pioneers of modern art. 14. A large percentage of the population in our country _____ (be) farmers. 15. Last year large amounts of money ____________ (spend) on building the bridge. Keys： 1.am 2.is 3.is 4.shows 5.sell 6.are removed 7.is 8.are 9.has been 10.is 11.was invited 12.has grown; are 13.were 14.are 15.were spent 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to a__________ to the change. 2. He is clever and quickly comes up with a s__________ to the problem. 3. He had a n__________ escape from the fire, but the surface of his skin was severely burned. 4. As I grow older, I like to reread the __________ (经典作品) regularly. 5. __________ (最后), your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult. 二、单句语法 1.There’s no simple solution __________ this problem. 2.Successful businesses are highly __________ (adapt) to economic change. 3.__________ (regard) your recent advertisement,I am writing to request further details. 4.The fresh air and exercise cured him __________ his sleeplessness,which made him feel relieved. 5.Finally, I recommend that you __________ (watch) more live broadcasts of international matches at the following website. 6.As a carrier of culture, jiaozi is typical __________ traditional Chinese cuisine culture. 7.He decided that people would prefer to rent rather than __________ (buy) the software. 8.The police __________ (search) for a tall dark man with a beard nowadays now. 9.Every boy and girl __________ (treat) in the same way. 10.Twenty miles __________ (be) a long way to walk. 11.Do you fancy __________ (go) to see a movie if you are free? 12. Mountains__________(regard) as spiritual places by many cultures. 13. When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but__________ (adapt), it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. 14. __________ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. 15. By the time these“__________ (solution)” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. 16. __________ (solve) the problems with bike-sharing requires the cooperation of all those involved: local governments, the companies concerned and all the users. 17. Amy, as well as her brothers, __________ (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 18.When every pupil in the school __________ (wear) the uniform, nobody __________ (have) to worry about fashion. 19. The publication of Great Expectations, which __________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 20. If you look at all sides of the situation,you'll find probably a solution that __________ (suit) everyone. 21. There __________ (be) a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. 三、短语填空 reach out,with the aid of,suffer from,in the meantime,all in all,appeal to,be confused about,be fed up with 1.____________________ ,this relatively small exhibition is an experience not to be missed. 2.Teachers get used to giving lessons ____________________ computers. 3.I ____________________ this weather.It’s time we had some sunshine. 4.He ____________________ his hand to touch her but failed. 5.I ring the police up. ____________________, you lead the staff to flee from the burning building. 6.All children will tend to ____________________ separation from their parents and siblings. 7.A survey showed people ____________________ what they should eat to stay healthy. 8.She began to cook dishes which were likely to ____________________ him. 四、完成句子 1.不仅是那位老师,所有的学生也都担心考试的结果。(not only...but also...) ________________________________________ worried about the result of the exam. 2.当被问及他为什么这么做时,班长说这是他的职责。(过去分词作状语) ________________________________________, the monitor said it was his duty. 3.强烈建议每年对机器进行检修。(recommend,形式主语) ________________________________________ the machines should be checked every year. 4.为了防止大气污染,每一种可能的方法都用过了。(主谓一致) Every possible means ________________________________________ the air pollution. 5.你认为人们为什么选择乘飞机而不是乘船去旅行呢?(插入语) Why ______________________________ people would choose to travel by airplane rather than by ship? 6.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。(adapt) These styles can________________________________________ individual tastes. 7.上个月,医生治好了她的癌症。(cure) The doctors________________________________________ last month. 一、单词拼写 adapt solution narrow classics Eventually 二、单句语法 1.to 2.adaptable 3.Regarding 4.of 5.(should) watch 6.of 7.buy 8.are searching 9.is treated 10.is 11.going 12.are regarded 13.to adapt 14.Filled 15.solutions 16.To solve/Solving 17.was given 18.wears/will have 19.was 20.suits 21.was 三、短语填空 1.All in all 2.with the aid of 3.am fed up with 4.reached out 5.In the meantime 6.suffer from 7.were confused about 8.appeal to 四、完成句子 1.Not only the teacher but also all the students are 2.Asked why he did it 3.It is strongly recommended that 4.has been used to prevent 5.do you think 6.be adapted to suit 7.cured her of cancer 【能力拓展训练】 一、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How To Fight Back-To-School Anxiety August is the time to prepare for a new school year.____1____These simple tips can help you or someone you love deal with the year ahead. ____2____ Like any new activity, a new school year is always easier when you’re prepared for it. Get your class schedule in advance so you know exactly what to expect that first day. Make sure you’re prepared with all the supplies you’ll need. If you’ll be attending a new school, get familiar with the campus in advance of the first week. Talk about it. Change is never easy, and can often be scary. If you have feelings of fear or anxiety about the upcoming school year, it’s important to express them.____3____If you’re unsure who to talk to, here are many free resources available for you. Do what you love.____4____Whether you’re a bookworm or social butterfly, it’s easy to feel depressed or anxious when you’re trying to be something you’re not. Find activities, clubs or organizations that truly interest you. Chances are, when you do, you’ll find a sense of belonging that’s completely genuine. Get help. It’s not abnormal for any teen to feel stressed about an upcoming school year. But if your feelings of anxiety or depression are affecting your ability to eat, sleep or function on a daily basis, it’s time to seek professional help.____5____ A. Get ready. B. Stick to a tight schedule. C. When you’re a teen, fitting in is important. D. It is common for people to feel stressed after holiday. E. For teens, the “back-to-school” period can be especially troubling. F. A parent or adviser can help you find an expert to help you get through the upcoming year. G. Speaking with a parent, friend or adviser can be a perfect way to start finding solution together. 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年战胜返校时期焦虑的方法和建议。 【36题详解】 根据上文“August is the time to prepare for a new school year.(八月是准备新学年的时候)”以及下文“These simple tips can help you or someoou love deal with the year ahead.(这些简单的建议可以帮助你或你爱的人在未来的一年里应对问题)”可知，前文讲到开学，下文中提到文中将会给出一些建议，帮助学生顺利的度过接下来的一年。所以空处应该是描述学生返校所要面临的问题。E项“对于青少年来说，返校的这段时期尤其令人不安”符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据下文“ Like any new activity, a new school year is always easier when you’re prepared for it. (像任何新的活动一样，新的学年在你做好准备后总是容易一些)”可知，本段给出的建议应该是在开学前需要做好相应的准备。A项“做好准备。”符合语境。“Get ready”和下文中的“when you’re prepared for it”相呼应。故选A。 【38题详解】 根据本段第一句话“Talk about it.(谈谈它)”以及空后“If you’re unsure who to talk to, there are many free resources available for you.(如果你不确定该与谁交谈，有许多免费资源可供你使用)”可知，本段主要讲述找人倾诉自己的焦虑，所以空处需要描述找谁来倾诉焦虑。G项“与父母、朋友或顾问交谈是开始共同寻找解决方案的完美方式”符合语境。而G项中的“Speaking ”和段首句“Talk about it.”以及空前句“express them”相呼应。且G项中的“a parent, friend or adviser”和空后句“who to talk to”相呼应。故选G。 【39题详解】 根据“Find activities, clubs or organizations that truly interest you. (寻找你真正感兴趣的活动、俱乐部或组织)”可知，本段内容为建议学生去参加一些社交活动、融入集体。C项“当你十几岁的时候，融入是很重要的”符合语境。故选C。 【40题详解】 根据段首句“Get help.(得到帮助)”以及空前句“But if your feelings of anxiety or depression are affecting your ability to eat, sleep or function on a daily basis， it’s time to seek professional help.(但是，如果你的焦虑或抑郁情绪正在影响你的饮食、睡眠或日常功能，是时候寻求专业帮助了)”可知，本段主要讲述要向他人寻求帮助，而且空处需要描述去向谁寻找专业的帮助。F项“家长或顾问可以帮助你找到一位专家，帮助你度过来年”切合本段主题。F项中的“help”和段首句相呼应，其中的“find an expert to help”也与空前句“seek professional help”相呼应。故选F。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was 7:15 a.m. and Gary Messina was on his morning run along New York City’s East River. Suddenly something caught his eye — a man shouter for help ____1____ the current pulled him away from the seawall. David Blauzvern and John Green ____2____ their phones and keys on land and jumped in. Messina, a police officer, also joined them in the river. Just as the man was ____3____, they stabilized him, with Blauzvern ____4____ his back and Messina and Green holding him ____5____ from either side. After ten minutes, they managed to get to the river’s ____6____ and stayed as close to the seawall as they could. Fifteen minutes later, a rescue boat turned ____7____. As they approached the boat, there came a new ____8____: The wave created by the current was sucking(吮吸;吞没 )them under the boat. Blauzvern remembers being pulled down just as someone in the boat ____9____ on to the man, _____10_____ Blauzvern to let go. Somehow, he grasped a pole attached to the boat deck and dragged himself _____11_____. The men in the water pushed the drowning guy while the men in the boat pulled him up and, finally, to _____12_____. The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for medical aid. Details on his _____13_____ have not been released. As for the rescuers, each of them was at work by 10:30 a.m. “I was a bit late,” _____14_____ Blauzvern, smiling. “But I had a good _____15_____.” 1. A. after B. for C. as D. once 2. A. dropped B. landed C. threw D. packed 3. A. relaxed B. frozen C. passive D. exhausted 4. A. supporting B. pressing C. pushing D. tapping 5. A. back B. straight C. still D. up 6. A. boat B. surroundings C. edge D. shade 7. A. out B. up C. in D. down 8. A. accident B. disaster C. alarm D. threat 9. A. moved B. passed C. held D. went 10. A. signaling B. allowing C. demanding D. ordering 11. A. away B. aboard C. apart D. aside 12. A. safety B. relief C. aid D. comfort 13. A. character B. mood C. identity D. condition 14. A. complained B. asked C. admitted D. argued 15. A. experience B. excuse C. view D. memory 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一则救人故事。当时是早上7点15分， Gary Messina 正在纽约东河堤上晨跑。突然有什么东西引起了他的注意——﹣名男子尖叫着寻求帮助，因为水流把他从海堤中冲了下去。 David Blauzvern 和 John Green 先跳入河中，接着Gary Messina 也跳入河中，三个人再加上后来到来的救生船，终于把那名男子救上来。 【41题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：突然有什么东西引起了他的注意——﹣名男子尖叫着寻求帮助，因为水流把他拉离了海堤。 A. after 在……之后； B. for 因为（并列连词）；C. as 由于；D. once 一旦。根据“a man screamed for help”可知，后面应该是表示原因，此处是 as 引导的原因状语从句， for 引导表示原因的并列句时，常用逗号隔开。故选 C项 。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：David Blauzvern 和 John Green 把他们的手机和钥匙丢在地上，跳了下去。A. dropped 使落下，使掉下；B. landed 登陆；C. threw 扔掉；D. packed 包装。根据空后“their phones and keys on land and jumped in .”可知，因为要跳进海里救人，所以把手机和钥匙丢在地上，故选 A项 。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在他筋疲力尽的时候，他们稳住了他，Blauzvern扶着他的背，Messina和Green从两边扶着他。A. relaxed放松的；B. frozen冻结的；C. passive被动的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据后文“they stabilized him ,”和前文描述可知，这名男子筋疲力尽的时候，所以他们让他稳定下来。故选 D项 。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在他筋疲力尽的时候，他们稳住了他，Blauzvern扶着他的背，Messina和Green从两边扶着他。 A supporting 支持；B. pressing按压；C pushing 推，促进；D . tapping 轻拍。前文提到这名男子要没有力气了，所以 Blauzvern 支撑看他的背。故选 A项 。 【45题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在他筋疲力尽的时候，他们稳住了他，Blauzvern扶着他的背，Messina和Green从两边扶着他。A. back 向后地； B. straight 直接地；C still 仍然；D. up 向上。因为这名男子掉进海里了，要救出他，需要从两边把他举起来。故选 D 项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：十分钟后，他们终于来到河边，尽量靠近海堤。A. boat 船；B. surroundings周围环境；C. edge边缘；D. shade阴影。根据句意以及该句中的“and stayed as close to the seawall”可知，此处为十分钟后，他们终于来到河边，尽量靠近海堤。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：15分钟后，一艘救援船出现了。空前动词 turned 与四个选项可以构成动词短语。 A. turned out 结果是，证明是；B. turned up 出现，找到；C. turned in 上交；D. turned down 调低，拒绝。根据空后“As they approached the boat .”可知，此处指救援船出现了。故选 B项 。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们接近小船时，又出现了一个新的威胁：水流产生的波浪把他们吞没在小船下面。 A accident 事故；B disaster 灾难；C. alarm警告；D. threat 威胁，恐吓。根据空后“The wave created by the current was sucking them under the boat .”可知，此处指出现了一个新的威胁。故选 D项 。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blauzvern 记得，就在船上有人抓住那个人，让Blauzvern松手时候，他被水流拉了下去。A. moved移动；B. passed传递；C. held抓住；D. went 去。根据下文“…Blauzvern to let go…”可推知，此处为就在船上有人抓住那个人，让Blauzvern松手的时候，他被水流拉了下去。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意Blauzvern 记得，就在船上有人抓住那个人，让Blauzvern松手的时候，他被水流拉了下去。 A .signaling 发信号；B. allowing 允许；C. demanding 要求；D. ordering 命令。前文提到在船上有人抓住那个人，所以指允许Blauzvern松手的时候。故选 B项 。 【51题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么地，他抓住了船甲板上的一根杆子，使自己拖上了船。 A. away 离去；B. aboard 在车（船、飞机）；C .apart 分离；D. aside 离开。根据前文“Somehow , he grasped a pole attached to the boat deck”可知，此处把自己拖上船的甲板上。故选 B项 。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：水里的人推着溺水的人，而船上的人把他拉上来，最后，他安全了。 A. safety 安全；B. relief 救济； C. aid 援助； D. comfort 舒适。根据前文“The men in the water pushed the drowning guy while the men in the boat pulled him up ”可知，因为落水的人被救上岸了，所以他安全了。故选 A 项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有关他病情的细节尚未公布。A. character性格；B. mood心情；C. identity身份；D. condition条件。根据前文“The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for medical aid .”可知，只有落水人被送医院的消息，没有公布他的其它情况。故选 D项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我迟到了一会儿，” Blauzvern 微笑着承认。 A complained 抱怨；B. asked问； C admitted 承认；D. argued 辩论。根据前一句“As for the rescuers , each of them was at work by 10:30 am .”可知，因为10点半才去上班，所以 Blauzvern 微笑着承认自己迟到了。故选 C 项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我有一个很好的借口。 A experience 经历，经验； B. excuse 借口；C. view观点； D . memory 记忆。因为救人迟到了，所以这对于 Blauzvern 来说是上班迟到的一个很好的借口。故选 B项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you’d better check the Durban City Tours, ____1____ is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants ____2____ (wander) around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one ____3____ you want . You will also be able to taste all the delicious South African food here. You can choose ____4____ Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place ____5____ (tour) with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the street. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these ____6____ (pleasure)! However, ____7____ is important that you make necessary arrangements. If you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, you’d better choose the Street Scene Tours. All their staff ____8____ (train) specially. They will ____9____ (sure) make your stay here _____10_____ (forgettable). 【答案】56. which 57. wandering 58. if 59. from 60. to tour 61. pleasures 62. it 63. have been trained 64. surely 65. unforgettable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了去德班市旅游的情况，包括景点和美食等。 【56题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果你想充分享受你的假期，那么你最好看看德班城市旅游，这实际上是当今南非最好的选择之一。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Durban City Tours，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你喜欢动物，想看大象在街上游荡，那么德班就是你要去的地方。此处为see+宾语+宾语补足语结构，且elephants与wander构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填wandering。 【58题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果你想的话，你甚至可以骑一匹大象。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。 【59题详解】 考查介词。句意：你可以选择意大利菜或当地菜。结合句意表示“选择”可知短语为choose from。故填from。 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：德班是和你的朋友和家人一起旅游的好地方。此处作后置定语修饰名词place，应用不定式。故填to tour。 【61题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：游客，甚至当地村民都无法满足这些乐趣！these后跟复数名词，故填pleasures。 【62题详解】 考查形式主语。句意：然而，重要的是你要做好必要的安排。此处为it be adj. that…句型，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，故填it。 【63题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他们所有的员工都经过专门培训。主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为All their staff，助动词用have。故填have been trained。 【64题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们一定会使你在这里度过难忘的时光。修饰动词make应用副词surely，故填surely。 【65题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们一定会使你在这里度过难忘的时光。此处为make+宾语+宾语补足语，表示“难忘的”应用形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Fun things to do in high school Learn another language Your school might be holding foreign languages classes, so this is a great way to start your language learning journey! If you want more self-paced learning, apps like Duolingo are easily accessible (可使用的) on our mobile phones. As our world becomes more interconnected, it’s always good to learn another language or two. Aim for a semester (学期) of straight A This can be a difficult task but not impossible to achieve, as long as you put in the right amount of work and effort. If you are struggling(挣扎)with your grades, you can host or join group studies with your classmates! Don’t be disheartened if you are not able to get an A in a semester. What’s important is having the drive to go forward. As a famous person once said, “He who would climb a ladder must begin at the bottom. Experience another culture Culture and tradition are something that all humans share. No matter where we come from, we always bring our culture with us. People coming from different cultures may be among your friends or neighbors. You can go to a museum, read a book, or try new food in your area. Remember to keep an open mind and take the time to learn about them. Bring a shareable treat to class If you know your way around the kitchen, you can impress your class by making and bringing them a delicious treat! Not only will this make their stomachs happy, but you’ll also bond (联系) the whole class together. Just don’t forget to check with your teacher first before bringing one. 1. What should you do if you want to learn a language at your own speed? A. Go to a museum to read books. B. Attend another language class. C. Learn it on an app like Duolingo. D. Join group studies with your classmates. 2. What’s the key if you can’t get an A in a semester? A. Keeping an open mind. B. Asking your teachers for help. C. Changing your study method. D. Having the drive to go forward. 3. What will probably be the result if you bring a treat to class? A. Experiencing different cultures. B. Making your teacher angry and anxious. C. Making some students have a stomachache. D. Making your classmates happy and united. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四件在高中做的有趣的事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you want more self-paced learning, apps like Duolingo are easily accessible (可使用的) on our mobile phones.(如果你想要更多自主节奏的学习，像Duolingo这样的应用程序在我们的手机上很容易使用)”可知，如果你想以自己的速度学习一门语言，你应该在Duolingo等应用上学习。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Don’t be disheartened if you are not able to get an A in a semester. What’s important is having the drive to go forward.(如果你一个学期拿不到A，不要灰心丧气。重要的是要有前进的动力)”可知，如果你一个学期都拿不到A，关键是在于有前进的动力。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you know your way around the kitchen, you can impress your class by making and bringing them a delicious treat! Not only will this make their stomachs happy, but you’ll also bond (联系) the whole class together.(如果你熟悉厨房，你可以做一顿美味的饭菜给你的同学们留下深刻的印象！这不仅会让他们的胃很舒服，而且你也会把整个班的人联系在一起)”可知，如果你带食物来上课，可能会让你的同学快乐和团结。故选D。 B To save endangered arctic wolves, the Beijing-based Sinogene Biotechnology Company cooperated with Harbin Polarland on cloning the arctic wolf. As a result, after two years of thorough efforts, the arctic wolf was cloned successfully. It is the first case of its kind in the world. Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health. Her donor cell came from the skin sample of a wild female arctic wolf, who had been introduced from Canada. However, her oocyte (卵母细胞) was from a female dog, and her surrogate mother(代孕母体)was a beagle(小猎犬). The selection of a dog as Maya’s surrogate was made because dogs share a genetic ancestor(祖先) with ancient wolves, and it’s more likely to succeed through cloning technology. “This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding(繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great importance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration(修复) of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said. Cloning technology is a breeding method different from natural reproduction. Some raised arguments relating to the cloned arctic wolf. Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection Organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and moral issues that need to be handled and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited. The cloned wolf now lives with her surrogate beagle in a lab, and later she will be delivered to the Harbin Polarland and displayed to the public. The cloned wolf would live by herself in the park in the initial stage because she may not be able to adapt to original arctic wolf groups. However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future. 4. What do we know about Maya? A. She was born in Canada. B. She is in good condition. C. She is the first cloned animal in China. D. She shares similar living habits with dogs. 5. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The development of cloning technology. B. The difficulties of maintaining biodiversity. C. Scientists’ efforts to protect endangered animals. D. The importance of the birth of the cloned arctic wolf. 6. What is Sun Quanhui’s attitude towards cloning technology? A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Uncertain. D. Disapproving. 7. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Maya was trained to live with wolf groups in the lab. B. Another male arctic wolf is expected to be born soon. C. Maya is favored by many visitors to the Harbin Polarland. D. Cloning technology will be applied to more endangered species. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了拯救濒危的北极狼，北京希诺基生物技术公司与哈尔滨极地公司合作克隆了北极狼。结果，经过两年的努力，北极狼克隆成功了。这在世界上尚属首例。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health.”（这只狼出生于2022年6月10日，名叫玛雅，精力充沛，身体健康。）可知，关于玛雅我们知道她身体状况很好。故选B项。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段““This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding(繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great importance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration(修复) of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said.”（“这是我们在保护和繁殖野生和濒危动物方面的新尝试和突破。世界上第一只克隆的北极狼的诞生是克隆技术应用的一个里程碑，对生物多样性、野生动物保护和世界濒危物种的恢复具有重要意义，”该公司总经理米继东说。）可知，第三段的主要讲的是克隆北极狼诞生的重要性。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection Organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and moral issues that need to be handled and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited.”（世界动物保护组织的科学家孙全辉表示，克隆技术仍处于探索研究阶段，有许多技术和道德问题需要谨慎处理和对待。孙认为，克隆应该只考虑那些物种灭绝或圈养数量非常有限的濒危野生动物。）可推知，孙全辉对克隆技术的态度是谨慎的。故选A项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future.”（然而，据报道，克隆北极狼的技术已经获得了强大的应用价值，另一只雄性克隆北极狼将在不久的将来来到这个世界。）可知，从最后一段我们了解到另一只雄性北极狼即将出生。故选B项。 C Once upon a time, researchers dreamed of building a robot storyteller. It would not only entertain young children, but also help them learn well. This dream has come true. The robot is called Tega. It is cute and appears to be useful in increasing young children’s language skills. Developed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT), Tega sounds like a child, makes its body and face full of energy while storytelling and explains the tales on a screen with pictures. In an eight-week experiment, Tega read picture books to 67 children aged from 4 to 6 in weekly meetings lasting an hour. During the meetings, Tega asked questions to have knowledge of the listeners’ language skills, tested them on a word’s meaning or asked them to draw conclusions about a character. For example, Tega asked, “What do you think will happen to the boy?” Tega also recorded the facial expressions and body positions of the children to see how interested they were. For example, leaning forward was considered a good sign. After the book was finished, the children retold the story to Tega in their own words. One group of kids played with a personalized version(版本) of the robot, which improved each time it interacted with the kids, learning about their language skills from the conversations they had. For this group, Tega chose which book to read based on what it thought would be most suitable and informative for the children’s language level. Every second time, Tega would replace several words in the story for these children with more difficult words with similar meanings, such as “clamour” in place of “noise”. A second group interacted with a non-personalized Tega that remembered the children each week, but chose stories to read at random (随机的) from its library of 81 picture books. For this group, the story difficulty increased every two weeks. A third group of kids didn’t interact with Tega at all. Several weeks after the last meeting, the team found that all the children who played with Tega had increased their vocabularies(词汇), but the personalized group learned the most words. Their error rate on a vocabulary test dropped by 23 percent, almost double that of the non-personalized group. The stories that the children told back to the personalized robot were also longer and more wonderful, says team member Hae Won Park. 8. What do we know about Tega? A. It has a voice of an adult. B. It is connected to the Internet. C. It can tell stories in a lively way. D. It is mainly designed to entertain kids. 9. Why did Tega ask questions during the meetings? A. To keep the kids interested. B. To help kids better understand a story. C. To know about the kids’ language skills. D. To encourage the kids to think independently. 10. What do the results of the experiment show? A. Young kids really love interacting with others. B. The robot needs to be improved to work better. C. Children can increase their vocabularies quickly. D. The personalized version of the robot helps kids most 11. What is the text mainly about? A. A new invention for kids. B. A personalized teaching method. C. A new way to increase kids’ vocabularies. D. A study carried out by researchers recently. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. D 31. A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个新发明的机器人，它可以给孩子讲故事从而提高他们的词汇量。并描述了对此做的实验。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句话“Tega sounds like a child, makes its body and face full of energy while storytelling and explains the tales on a screen with pictures.（Tega的声音像孩子，它的肢体和表情在讲故事的时候都会充满能量，并且在屏幕上会有图片用于解释童话）”可知，Tega可以生动地讲故事。故本题选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段的 “Tega asked questions to have a knowledge of the listeners’ language skills（Tega问问题是为了了解听者的语言技能）”可知，Tega在会议期间提问是为了了解孩子的语言技能。故本题选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段的 “the team found that all the children who played with Tega had increased their vocabularies. but the personalized group learned the most words. Their error rate on a vocabulary test dropped by 23 percent, almost double that of the non-personalized group.（这个团队发现和Tega一起玩的孩子们的词汇量都增加了，但个性化组学习的单词最多。他们在词汇测试中的错误率下降了23%，几乎是非个性化组的两倍。）”可知，实验结果可以表明，Tega机器人的个性化版本对孩子们的帮助最大，故本题选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段 “Tega sounds like a child, makes its body and face full of energy while storytelling and explains the tales on a screen with pictures.（Tega的声音像孩子，它的肢体和表情在讲故事的时候都会充满能量，并且在屏幕上会有图片用于解释童话）”以及后文对Tega的描述可知本文主要讲述的是这个针对孩子们发明的机器人Tega对孩子们的影响，全文围绕这一新发明展开。因此文章是关于为孩子们的新发明，故本题选A。 D With enough money, it’s possible to do something unbelievable in Dubai and now you can add another to the list — walking on the moon. Recently, Canadian architectural company Moon World Resorts announced plans to construct a $5 billion resort (度假村) that looks like the moon in Dubai. The project, named Moon Dubai, is meant to help visitors experience space tourism, which allows guests to find out what it is like to walk on the moon. The resort will be very luxurious and contemporary, with a lot of components inside that one would already know — for example, a wellness area, residential properties, restaurants, a convention center, and a spa, each with a lunar twist (月球扭). It will also include a training platform for space agencies and astronauts. Space tourism currently comes with a big price tag, and it’s a barrier to entry for most travelers. However, the moon resort experience will be significantly cheaper. A walk on the lunar surface of the moon resort is much more affordable at $500. “Moon Dubai will significantly impact every aspect of the UAE’s economy, including tourism, transportation, commercial and residential real estate, infrastructure, financial services, aviation and space, energy, agriculture, technology and of course education,” says Michael R. Henderson, co-founder of Moon World Resorts. “It will be the largest and most successful modern-day tourism project in the MENA region, doubling annual tourism visitations to Dubai based on its global appeal, brand awareness and unique multiple integrated offerings.” Whether the project will eventually take off is currently unknown. If the design can be successful, it will require a 12-month pre-development planning program and a 48-month building process. But the company’s plan is viable (可行的). Moreover, Henderson estimated that the moon resort could open in 2027. 12. What do we know about the moon resort? A. It is designed to send people to the moon. B. It is a cheaper option for space tourism. C. It serves as a platform for scientists to explore space. D. It provides visitors with space classes taught by astronauts. 13. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The features of the moon resort. B. The key role of tourism in Dubai. C. The potential value of Moon Dubai. D. The purpose of carrying out Moon Dubai. 14. What stage is the moon resort at? A. Test. B. Design. C. Operation. D. Construction. 15. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To introduce a tourism project in Dubai. B. To encourage people to visit the moon resort. C. To show the development of Dubai’s space industry. D. To present the commercial success of Moon World Resorts. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，加拿大建筑公司月亮世界度假村宣布，计划投资50亿美元在迪拜建造一个看起来像月亮的度假村。文章介绍了这个度假村的一些设施以及特点。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Space tourism currently comes with a big price tag, and it’s a barrier to entry for most travelers. However, the moon resort experience will be significantly cheaper.(目前，太空旅游的价格很高，对大多数旅行者来说，这是一个进入的障碍。然而，月球度假体验将会便宜得多)”可知，对于太空旅游来说，月球度假村是一个更便宜的选择。故选B。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段““Moon Dubai will significantly impact every aspect of the UAE’s economy, including tourism, transportation, commercial and residential real estate, infrastructure, financial services, aviation and space, energy, agriculture, technology and of course education,” says Michael R. Henderson, co-founder of Moon World Resorts. (月亮世界度假村的联合创始人Michael R. Henderson说：“月亮迪拜将对阿联酋经济的各个方面产生重大影响，包括旅游、交通、商业和住宅房地产、基础设施、金融服务、航空航天、能源、农业、技术，当然还有教育。”)”可知，第4段主要讲了月亮迪拜的潜在价值故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whether the project will eventually take off is currently unknown. If the design can be successful, it will require a 12-month pre-development planning program and a 48-month building process.(目前还不知道该项目最终能否成功。如果设计能够成功，它将需要12个月的开发前规划程序和48个月的建设过程)”可知，月球度假村处于设计阶段。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Recently, Canadian architectural company Moon World Resorts announced plans to construct a $5 billion resort (度假村) that looks like the moon in Dubai.(最近，加拿大建筑公司月亮世界度假村宣布，计划投资50亿美元在迪拜建造一个看起来像月亮的度假村)”结合文章介绍了这个度假村的一些设施以及特点。可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍迪拜的一个旅游项目。故选A。 二、应用文写作 假设你是第一中学的学生李华，你的加拿大笔友Daniel来信向你求助。他最近和妈妈闹矛盾，因为妈妈不让他过多上网。他对此很不理解。请你给他写一封回信，要点如下： 1.建议他向妈妈道歉； 2.说明过多上网的危害； 3.列举一些健康的休闲方式。 注意：1.词数不少于80；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Daniel, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Daniel, I’m very sorry to hear that a conflict occurred between you and your mother because of your Internet addiction. In my opinion, you should apologize to your mother. Although the Internet plays an important role in modern life, we can’t ignore its harm. Many students spend much time on the Internet, which may result in poor health and affect their study. Worse still, students may also have less communication with the real world. You’d better take some exercise to keep fit or do some reading for fun. Only in this way can you live and study happily and healthily. Yours Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给加拿大笔友Daniel写封回信，就笔友的困惑给出一些意见和建议。 【详解】词汇积累 因为：because of →due to 扮演重要角色：play an important role →play a crucial part 忽略：ignore →neglect 保持健康：keep fit →keep healthy 2.句式拓展 句式转换 原句：I’m very sorry to hear that a conflict occurred between you and your mother because of your Internet addiction. 拓展句：I’m very sorry to hear that a conflict occurred between you and your mother because you are addicted to the Internet. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Many students spend much time on the Internet, which may result in poor health and affect their study. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Only in this way can you live and study happily and healthily. (运用了部分倒装结构) 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B2 U1-2 Grammar - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：过去分词作状语 原文：Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.这部小说改编自拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名小说，讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。(教材P6) 本句中“Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title”，在句中作状语，“based”为过去分词，其逻辑主语和主句主语均为“it”，其与逻辑主语“it”构成被动关系，即：it is based on…。 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 （1）原因状语 Absorbed in the book, the boy didn’t notice his mother came in. 因为全神贯注的在看书，那个男孩没有注意到他妈妈进来。 （2）时间状语 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 （3）条件状语 Given more time, I can do this job better. 如果给我更多的时间，我能把这工作做得更好。 （4）方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 The old man sat on the grass, staring at the sky. 那位老人坐在草地上,凝视着天空。 （5）让步状语 Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。 例题训练： ① ____________ (give) more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 ② ____________ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。 ③ ____________ (born) in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。 知识点2：adapt 原文：In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film… 在1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成卡通电影。(教材P6) adapt vt. 改编，改写；使适应 vi. 适应 adaptable adj. 适合的；能适应的；可修改的 adaptation. 适应；改编；改编本，改写本 adapt sth (for sth) 使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况） adapt oneself to sth 适应（新情况） adapt sth into sth 把…改编成… be adapted from 由… 改编成 Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。 It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。 This recipe is an adaptation of an old favourite. 这个食谱是一个传统名食谱的改编。 Tomorrow's workers will have to be more adaptable. 未来的工人必须具有更强的适应性。 例题训练： ①If you start thinking smarter, you can _______________________. 如果你开始更明智地思考，你可以适应气候变化 ②He tried hard to _____________________ the new conditions. 他努力使我自己适应新的状况。 ③The movie ___________________ is well received by people. 这部改编自小说的电影很受人们的欢迎。 知识点3：regard 原文：…, which is widely regarded as a classic….，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作？(教材P6) regard vt. 将…认为，看待；注视 regardless adj. 不管的，不顾的； adv.不管怎样，无论如何 regard as…将…认为；把…视为；看待 with regard to 关于；至于 in this regard 就这一点而言 in regard to 关于 regard for 对…的注意没，尊重；考虑到 regardless of 无论；不管；不顾 He seemed to regard the whole thing as a joke. 他似乎是把整件事当成玩笑。 I have nothing further to say in this regard. 在这方面，我没什么要说的了。 In regard to time, 30,000 seconds is actually only a little over eight hours. 而以时间的角度，30000秒实际上只有8个多小时。 She had an almost Germanic regard for order. 她简直像德国人一样讲究条理。 例题训练： ①Earthquake sites _____________________ a sad memory rather than a tool to bring in money. 地震遗址应被当作悲伤的回忆，而不应沦为赚钱的工具 ②___________________your questions about my future career choices, I am determined to be an interpreter. 关于你对我未来的职业选择的疑问，我下定决心要做一名口译员。 ③I ___________________ him and what he has achieved. 我非常尊重他和他所取得的成就。 ④Everyone has the right to good medical care _____________________ their ability to pay. 无论支付能力如何，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗。 知识点4：not only… but also… 不仅… 而且… 原文：Not only the animals but also the forest looks so real.不仅是动物，森林看起来也是如此真实。(教材P7) （1）not only… but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，这种强调后者，意为“不仅… 而且…”，其中also有时候可以省略。 （2）not only… but also… 连接两个分句， not only 位于句首时， not only后的分句要用部分倒装。 （3）not only… but also… 连接两个成分作主语时，其谓语动词通常与靠近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则” One should not only observe but also help. 不但要看， 而且要帮。 Not only does she speak Spanish, she's also good with computers. 她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机 Not only the teacher but also all the students are worried about the result of the exam. 不仅是老师，所有的学生也都担心考试的结果。 例题训练： ①Mandela was ___________ a great president, ___________ a great human being. 曼德拉不仅是一位好总统，更是一名伟人。 ②Not only ______________________, they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想涨工资，还想缩短工作时间。 ③Not only Tom but also his children ________________ to New Year's Party. 不但是汤姆，而且他的孩子们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。 知识点5：solution 原文：…, but the film team was able to find a solution. 但是拍摄团队找到了解决的办法。(教材P7) solution n. 解决方法，处理手段，答案 solve vt.解决；解答 a solution to sth …的解决办法,处理手段; …的答案；解；谜底 solve the problem of waste disposal. 解决废物处理的问题。 solve an equation/a puzzle/a riddle 解方程；解难题；解谜 solve a crime/mystery 破案；解开奥秘 There's no simple solution to this problem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 The solution to last week's quiz is on page 81. 上星期测验的答案在第81页。 The government should take effective measures to solve problems that faced by those poor children. 政府应该采取有效的措施来解决贫困儿童面临的问题。 例题训练： ①They expressed cautious optimism about ________________. 他们对解决危机持谨慎的乐观态度 ②I thank you from the bottom of my heart for helping me ________________. 我从心底感激你帮助我解决这一问题。 知识点6：star 原文：The film stars Colin Firth as King George. 这部电影由科林·费斯饰演国王乔治六世。（P9） star v.由……主演；让……主演；主演，担任主角 n. 星；明星；星形；星级 star in在……中担任主演 The studio wants to star her in a film. 制片厂想让她担任一部电影的主角。 My favourite actor will star in the new film.我最喜欢的演员将在这部新电影中担任主角。 Soon the stars appeared in the sky.不久天空中出现了星星 She became a film star as early as 1942. 她早在1942年就成了电影明星。 The guidebook awards this hotel three stars.这本旅游指南把这家旅馆定为三星级。 例题训练： ①When the author was 13 his only purpose was to ________________ (成为明星) on his football team. ② Who is to ________________ (在这部电影中担任主角) has not been finally decided yet. 知识点7：suffer 原文：Prince Albert,second son of King George V, suffers from a terrible speech problem. 英国国王乔治五世的次子艾伯特亲王患有严重的语言问题。 suffer vt. & vi. 受苦；遭受；经历 suffering n. 受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n. 受害者；患者 suffer from 遭受...折磨；患...病 She was suffering from a strange disease.她正遭受一种怪病的折磨。 We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。 特别提醒 (1)suffer 和 suffer from一般不用于被动语态。 (2)suffer 用作及物动词时，意思同 experience (体验；经历），其后可跟pain, defeat, hardship, loss, injury, punishment, harm, hunger, failure 等词做宾语； (3)suffer 用作不及物动词时，后常接from,from表示原因，意为“因...而受苦” 知识点8：give up / cure 原文：The prince has given up hope of a cure .王子已经放弃了治愈的希望。（P9） （1）give up放弃，戒掉；交出 I would not give up for anything.我绝不会为任何事情放弃。 【归纳拓展】give短语 give away分发；赠送；出卖，泄露 give in上交；让步；投降 give off发出(光、热、气味等) give out分发，散发；用完；垮掉，失灵 He gave away all his money to the poor. 他把所有的钱都给了穷人 Give in your examination papers now. 现在请把你们的试卷交上来 Give the apples out to the children.把苹果分给孩子们。 例题训练： ①The gas ______________ (发出) an unpleasant smell. ②Our parents told us patiently our money soon ________________(花光) （2）cure n.治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；对策；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等) a cure for...……的治愈方法；解决问题的措施 cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS. 全世界的科学家都在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。 The doctor devotes himself to the cure of cancer. 这个医生致力于癌症的治疗。 Parents always try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母总是试图纠正孩子的坏习惯。 【易混辨析】cure/treat (1)cure意为“治愈”，侧重“治疗”的结果，可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，常指治疗疾病或革除恶习等。 (2)treat意为“治疗”，强调“治疗”的动作，可构成treat sb. for sth.。 例题训练：用cure/treat的正确形式填空 ①This medicine him of his cough. ②Which doctor is you for your disease? 知识点9：get along / eventually 原文：Although the two men have very different backgrounds and do not get along at first,they eventually become friends. 虽然两人背景不同，一开始相处不好，但最终成了朋友。(教材P9) （1）get along 相处；进展。不带宾语，如果要带宾语，需要加with/on. They seemed to be getting along fine.他们好像相处得颇为融洽。 He could not get along with anybody.他跟谁都合不来。 归纳拓展：get短语 get across 讲清楚； (使）被领会 get over 克服 get down to (doing) sth. 开始（做）某事 get through (电话）接通；用完；通过；度过 特别提醒 （1) along 可用on替换，可在with 前加 well,nicely,badly等；along不能写成alone. （2) get along/on可单独使用，表示“进展；相处” （2）eventually adv. 最后，终于 同义表达：finally; at last; in the end I waited for him for three hours, and eventually he came. 等了他三个小时，他终于来了 例题训练： ①Lily studied very hard and ________________(eventual) achieved her aim. ②______________(eventual) he will leave home to lead his own life as a fully independent adult. （3）句式剖析：although引导让步状语从句 本句是复合句，although引导的是让步状语从句，主句是they eventually become although意为“尽管”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句，可与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 Although/Though regular exercise is very important,(yet)it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。 引导让步状语从句的词有： (1）as意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首，若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。 (2）while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 (3）even if/though意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。 (4）whether...or...意为“不论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句； (5）no matter+疑问词词-ever,意为“无论…”，引导让步状语从句。 Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply.尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很熟。 No matter when/Whenever you have trouble,you can turn to me for help. 无论什么时候你有困难，你都可以向我求助。 例题训练：单句语法填空 (1)_________it is not comfortable,this journey was impressive and rewarding. (2)Hard_______he tried,he made little progress. (3) Although he is young,________he can speak three languages. (4)Whether he drives _________flies,he will be on time. (5)_______he goes,he'll always be the focus of attention. 知识点10：typical / fancy 原文：The film looks like a fairly typical historical film without fancy special effects. 这部电影看上去像部颇为典型的历史剧，没有复杂的特效… (教材P9) （1）typical adj. 典型的，具有代表性的 typically adv.有代表性地；典型地；通常 be typical of是……的典型特征 It is typical of sb to do sth.=Typically,+句子做某事是某人的个性；某人一向如此 This is a typical example.这是一个典型的例子。 It is typical of him to come so late.他一向这么晚来。 例题训练： ①It is typical_______students to stay up learning till late night before the final exam ②Light _________ ( typical) travels in a straight line 一句多译 ③___________________________________ ④___________________________________ 她一向上课爱迟到 （2）fancy v. 想要，想做；倾慕 adj.复杂的；花哨的；昂贵的 fancy (doing)sth.想要(做)某事 fancy(one’s)doing sth.想要(某人)做某事 fancy sb.to be/as.想象某人是… fancy用于祈使句，表示惊讶、不相信，意为“真想不到，竟然”。 I don't fancy going out this evening. 我今晚不想出去了。 He used many fancy comparisons in his book. 书中他使用了许多奇特的对比。 Fancy you having noticed!没想到你注意到了 例题训练： ①Ican' t fancy him_________(do) such a thing. ②I don' t fancy_________ (go) all that way in such bad weather. ③真想不到在这儿见到你! _______________________ 知识点11：narrow 原文：In the meantime, Hooper skillfully creates uncertainty and tension with narrow indoor sets and dark lights.与此同时，Hooper巧妙地利用狭窄的室内布景和昏暗的灯光营造出不确定性和紧张感。(教材P9) narrow adj.狭窄的；勉强的；狭隘的 v. （使）变小；变窄 narrowly adv. 仔细地；勉强地；狭窄地；严密地 narrowness n. 狭小，狭窄；小气 a narrow bed/doorway/shelf/ street 狭窄的床/门口/架子 a narrow victory 险胜 a narrow escape九死一生 narrow interests 目光短浅的利益 This is where the river narrows. 这条河就是在这里变窄的。 narrow the generation gap缩小代沟 例题训练： ①There was only ___________________ between the bed and the wall. 床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。 ②She has ___________________ the world. 她对世界的认识是非常狭隘的。 ③We need to try and ______________________ between rich and poor. 我们需要设法缩小穷人和富人之间的健康差距。 知识点12：all in all / recommend 原文：All in all, I highly recommend this film. 总之，我强烈推荐这部电影。(教材P9) （1）all in all总而言之 All in all, only by living happily every day can you be healthy. 总之，只有每天快乐地生活，你才能健康。 “总而言之”的其他表达： in a word, on the whole, to sum up, in brief/short, in conclusion, to conclude 与all相关的短语 not at all一点儿也不 above all首先，最重要的是 after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先 in all总共；总之 all the same仍然；还是 例题训练： ①All______all, every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off. ② ______ all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75 ③You shouldn’t have blamed him______all. He is a little child. ______all, he made only two mistakes ______all. （2）recommend recommend vt. 推荐；举荐；劝告；建议 recommendation n. 推荐；建议；推荐信 recommend sth to sb/ recommend sb sth 向某人推荐某物 recommend sth for 推荐某物作… 用途 recommend sb as… 推荐某人担当… 职务 recommend (one’s) doing sth 建议（某人）做某事 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事 I recommend the book to all my students. 我向我所有的学生都推荐这本书。 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 We'd recommend you to book your flight early. 我们建议你早点儿预订航班。 It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year. 建议每年一定把机器检修一次。 例题训练： ①If so, what would you ________________ the most appropriate tool for doing so? 如果是这样，你会推荐为最合适的工具，这样做呢？ ②We strongly recommend _________________________. 我们强烈建议将此事报警。 ③My recommendation is that the machines ________________ every year. 我的建议是每年把机器检修一次。 【同步语法梳理】 主谓一致的定义 主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 三大原则 （一）语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1、不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Every part is to be carefully checked before they are put together. 组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。 A big part of the corn is used to feed chickens,pigs and cattle in that country. 在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。 These toys are designed for children under three years old. 这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 2、动名词（短语）、单个的动词不定式（短语）、主语从句、不定代词（anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, either, each）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Smoking is a bad habit. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。 To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣幸。 what you can see here is that you get this interesting pattern. 现在你们可以看到这个有趣的图形。 Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 3、主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Coursework, as well as exam results, is taken into account. 除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 The teacher, along with his students, was present at the meeting yesterday. 这个老师和他的学生都参加了昨天会议 4、and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Mike and Sue are always rowing. 迈克和休总是吵架 Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities. 北京和上海都是大都会。 注意：如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。 The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 A knife and fork is easy for English people. 一副刀叉对于英国人来说是容易的。 5、定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。"one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而＂the (only) one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。 This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.这是莫言所写的小说之一。 She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class. 她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。 I, who am your friend, will help you.我是你的朋友，我将会帮助你 6、“many a（许多）/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 7、在＂It+is/was+被强调部分＋that/who. . . "结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。 It is they who have worked there for five years. 是他们在那里工作了五年 （二）意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1、all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。 All are here and all is ready. 所有的人都已到，一切就绪。 All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。 None have arrived yet. 还无人到来。 None is more qualified for the task than him. 没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。 2、“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 He got back home,finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 3、集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 Almost every family in the country owns a television. 这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。 My family are sports fans. 我们一家人是体育迷。 注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain. 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。 The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever. 中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 4、单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Every means has been tried. 每一个方法都试过了。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有用。 5、以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is a difficult subject for many students.对许多学生来说，政治是一门困难的学科。 The news that he passed the test is exciting.他通过测试的消息激动人心。 6、“the＋形容词 / 分词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人并不都是高兴的。 The wounded were saved by the villagers at last. 最后，村民救了伤员。 7、a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of money is needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的金钱。 A quantity of workers are needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的工人。 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 8、“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of people invited was fifty,but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请的人数是50, 但很多人因不同的原因没来。 9、表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 Three years is a long time for me. 对我来说三年是一段漫长的时间 10、由“kind (type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末举行。 11、由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing.这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers.这条裤子是她的。 （三）就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1、由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also).., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影 Neither you nor I am good at English. 你不擅长英语，我也不擅长 2、在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table. 在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。 单句语法填空 1. Either you or I ________ (be) going to have to take him to the shop. 2. Fish and chips ________ (be) a famous British dish. 3. Skipping meals ________ (be) a bad way to lose weight. 4. "Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step ________ (show)." 5. There is a grocery near the school. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) well in that grocery. 6. When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 7. Neither I nor Amy __________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another. 9. So far, there _________ (be) some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 10. It is Mike, not you, that ________ responsible for this big mistake. 11. The teacher, as well as her students, ________ (invite) to attend the meeting. 12. The population of Jiangsu __________(grow) to more than twice what it was in 1949 and one-third of the population __________(be) farmers. 13. Present at the party ________ (be) a crowd of young people who called themselves pioneers of modern art. 14. A large percentage of the population in our country _____ (be) farmers. 15. Last year large amounts of money ____________ (spend) on building the bridge. 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to a__________ to the change. 2. He is clever and quickly comes up with a s__________ to the problem. 3. He had a n__________ escape from the fire, but the surface of his skin was severely burned. 4. As I grow older, I like to reread the __________ (经典作品) regularly. 5. __________ (最后), your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult. 二、单句语法 1.There’s no simple solution __________ this problem. 2.Successful businesses are highly __________ (adapt) to economic change. 3.__________ (regard) your recent advertisement,I am writing to request further details. 4.The fresh air and exercise cured him __________ his sleeplessness,which made him feel relieved. 5.Finally, I recommend that you __________ (watch) more live broadcasts of international matches at the following website. 6.As a carrier of culture, jiaozi is typical __________ traditional Chinese cuisine culture. 7.He decided that people would prefer to rent rather than __________ (buy) the software. 8.The police __________ (search) for a tall dark man with a beard nowadays now. 9.Every boy and girl __________ (treat) in the same way. 10.Twenty miles __________ (be) a long way to walk. 11.Do you fancy __________ (go) to see a movie if you are free? 12. Mountains__________(regard) as spiritual places by many cultures. 13. When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but__________ (adapt), it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. 14. __________ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. 15. By the time these“__________ (solution)” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. 16. __________ (solve) the problems with bike-sharing requires the cooperation of all those involved: local governments, the companies concerned and all the users. 17. Amy, as well as her brothers, __________ (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 18.When every pupil in the school __________ (wear) the uniform, nobody __________ (have) to worry about fashion. 19. The publication of Great Expectations, which __________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 20. If you look at all sides of the situation,you'll find probably a solution that __________ (suit) everyone. 21. There __________ (be) a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. 三、短语填空 reach out,with the aid of,suffer from,in the meantime,all in all,appeal to,be confused about,be fed up with 1.____________________ ,this relatively small exhibition is an experience not to be missed. 2.Teachers get used to giving lessons ____________________ computers. 3.I ____________________ this weather.It’s time we had some sunshine. 4.He ____________________ his hand to touch her but failed. 5.I ring the police up. ____________________, you lead the staff to flee from the burning building. 6.All children will tend to ____________________ separation from their parents and siblings. 7.A survey showed people ____________________ what they should eat to stay healthy. 8.She began to cook dishes which were likely to ____________________ him. 四、完成句子 1.不仅是那位老师,所有的学生也都担心考试的结果。(not only...but also...) ________________________________________ worried about the result of the exam. 2.当被问及他为什么这么做时,班长说这是他的职责。(过去分词作状语) ________________________________________, the monitor said it was his duty. 3.强烈建议每年对机器进行检修。(recommend,形式主语) ________________________________________ the machines should be checked every year. 4.为了防止大气污染,每一种可能的方法都用过了。(主谓一致) Every possible means ________________________________________ the air pollution. 5.你认为人们为什么选择乘飞机而不是乘船去旅行呢?(插入语) Why ______________________________ people would choose to travel by airplane rather than by ship? 6.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。(adapt) These styles can________________________________________ individual tastes. 7.上个月,医生治好了她的癌症。(cure) The doctors________________________________________ last month. 【能力拓展训练】 一、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How To Fight Back-To-School Anxiety August is the time to prepare for a new school year.____1____These simple tips can help you or someone you love deal with the year ahead. ____2____ Like any new activity, a new school year is always easier when you’re prepared for it. Get your class schedule in advance so you know exactly what to expect that first day. Make sure you’re prepared with all the supplies you’ll need. If you’ll be attending a new school, get familiar with the campus in advance of the first week. Talk about it. Change is never easy, and can often be scary. If you have feelings of fear or anxiety about the upcoming school year, it’s important to express them.____3____If you’re unsure who to talk to, here are many free resources available for you. Do what you love.____4____Whether you’re a bookworm or social butterfly, it’s easy to feel depressed or anxious when you’re trying to be something you’re not. Find activities, clubs or organizations that truly interest you. Chances are, when you do, you’ll find a sense of belonging that’s completely genuine. Get help. It’s not abnormal for any teen to feel stressed about an upcoming school year. But if your feelings of anxiety or depression are affecting your ability to eat, sleep or function on a daily basis, it’s time to seek professional help.____5____ A. Get ready. B. Stick to a tight schedule. C. When you’re a teen, fitting in is important. D. It is common for people to feel stressed after holiday. E. For teens, the “back-to-school” period can be especially troubling. F. A parent or adviser can help you find an expert to help you get through the upcoming year. G. Speaking with a parent, friend or adviser can be a perfect way to start finding solution together. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was 7:15 a.m. and Gary Messina was on his morning run along New York City’s East River. Suddenly something caught his eye — a man shouter for help ____1____ the current pulled him away from the seawall. David Blauzvern and John Green ____2____ their phones and keys on land and jumped in. Messina, a police officer, also joined them in the river. Just as the man was ____3____, they stabilized him, with Blauzvern ____4____ his back and Messina and Green holding him ____5____ from either side. After ten minutes, they managed to get to the river’s ____6____ and stayed as close to the seawall as they could. Fifteen minutes later, a rescue boat turned ____7____. As they approached the boat, there came a new ____8____: The wave created by the current was sucking(吮吸;吞没 )them under the boat. Blauzvern remembers being pulled down just as someone in the boat ____9____ on to the man, _____10_____ Blauzvern to let go. Somehow, he grasped a pole attached to the boat deck and dragged himself _____11_____. The men in the water pushed the drowning guy while the men in the boat pulled him up and, finally, to _____12_____. The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for medical aid. Details on his _____13_____ have not been released. As for the rescuers, each of them was at work by 10:30 a.m. “I was a bit late,” _____14_____ Blauzvern, smiling. “But I had a good _____15_____.” 1. A. after B. for C. as D. once 2. A. dropped B. landed C. threw D. packed 3. A. relaxed B. frozen C. passive D. exhausted 4. A. supporting B. pressing C. pushing D. tapping 5. A. back B. straight C. still D. up 6. A. boat B. surroundings C. edge D. shade 7. A. out B. up C. in D. down 8. A. accident B. disaster C. alarm D. threat 9. A. moved B. passed C. held D. went 10. A. signaling B. allowing C. demanding D. ordering 11. A. away B. aboard C. apart D. aside 12. A. safety B. relief C. aid D. comfort 13. A. character B. mood C. identity D. condition 14. A. complained B. asked C. admitted D. argued 15. A. experience B. excuse C. view D. memory 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you’d better check the Durban City Tours, ____1____ is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants ____2____ (wander) around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one ____3____ you want . You will also be able to taste all the delicious South African food here. You can choose ____4____ Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place ____5____ (tour) with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the street. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these ____6____ (pleasure)! However, ____7____ is important that you make necessary arrangements. If you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, you’d better choose the Street Scene Tours. All their staff ____8____ (train) specially. They will ____9____ (sure) make your stay here _____10_____ (forgettable). 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Fun things to do in high school Learn another language Your school might be holding foreign languages classes, so this is a great way to start your language learning journey! If you want more self-paced learning, apps like Duolingo are easily accessible (可使用的) on our mobile phones. As our world becomes more interconnected, it’s always good to learn another language or two. Aim for a semester (学期) of straight A This can be a difficult task but not impossible to achieve, as long as you put in the right amount of work and effort. If you are struggling(挣扎)with your grades, you can host or join group studies with your classmates! Don’t be disheartened if you are not able to get an A in a semester. What’s important is having the drive to go forward. As a famous person once said, “He who would climb a ladder must begin at the bottom. Experience another culture Culture and tradition are something that all humans share. No matter where we come from, we always bring our culture with us. People coming from different cultures may be among your friends or neighbors. You can go to a museum, read a book, or try new food in your area. Remember to keep an open mind and take the time to learn about them. Bring a shareable treat to class If you know your way around the kitchen, you can impress your class by making and bringing them a delicious treat! Not only will this make their stomachs happy, but you’ll also bond (联系) the whole class together. Just don’t forget to check with your teacher first before bringing one. 1. What should you do if you want to learn a language at your own speed? A. Go to a museum to read books. B. Attend another language class. C. Learn it on an app like Duolingo. D. Join group studies with your classmates. 2. What’s the key if you can’t get an A in a semester? A. Keeping an open mind. B. Asking your teachers for help. C. Changing your study method. D. Having the drive to go forward. 3. What will probably be the result if you bring a treat to class? A. Experiencing different cultures. B. Making your teacher angry and anxious. C. Making some students have a stomachache. D. Making your classmates happy and united. B To save endangered arctic wolves, the Beijing-based Sinogene Biotechnology Company cooperated with Harbin Polarland on cloning the arctic wolf. As a result, after two years of thorough efforts, the arctic wolf was cloned successfully. It is the first case of its kind in the world. Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health. Her donor cell came from the skin sample of a wild female arctic wolf, who had been introduced from Canada. However, her oocyte (卵母细胞) was from a female dog, and her surrogate mother(代孕母体)was a beagle(小猎犬). The selection of a dog as Maya’s surrogate was made because dogs share a genetic ancestor(祖先) with ancient wolves, and it’s more likely to succeed through cloning technology. “This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding(繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great importance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration(修复) of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said. Cloning technology is a breeding method different from natural reproduction. Some raised arguments relating to the cloned arctic wolf. Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection Organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and moral issues that need to be handled and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited. The cloned wolf now lives with her surrogate beagle in a lab, and later she will be delivered to the Harbin Polarland and displayed to the public. The cloned wolf would live by herself in the park in the initial stage because she may not be able to adapt to original arctic wolf groups. However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future. 4. What do we know about Maya? A. She was born in Canada. B. She is in good condition. C. She is the first cloned animal in China. D. She shares similar living habits with dogs. 5. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The development of cloning technology. B. The difficulties of maintaining biodiversity. C. Scientists’ efforts to protect endangered animals. D. The importance of the birth of the cloned arctic wolf. 6. What is Sun Quanhui’s attitude towards cloning technology? A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Uncertain. D. Disapproving. 7. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Maya was trained to live with wolf groups in the lab. B. Another male arctic wolf is expected to be born soon. C. Maya is favored by many visitors to the Harbin Polarland. D. Cloning technology will be applied to more endangered species. C Once upon a time, researchers dreamed of building a robot storyteller. It would not only entertain young children, but also help them learn well. This dream has come true. The robot is called Tega. It is cute and appears to be useful in increasing young children’s language skills. Developed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT), Tega sounds like a child, makes its body and face full of energy while storytelling and explains the tales on a screen with pictures. In an eight-week experiment, Tega read picture books to 67 children aged from 4 to 6 in weekly meetings lasting an hour. During the meetings, Tega asked questions to have knowledge of the listeners’ language skills, tested them on a word’s meaning or asked them to draw conclusions about a character. For example, Tega asked, “What do you think will happen to the boy?” Tega also recorded the facial expressions and body positions of the children to see how interested they were. For example, leaning forward was considered a good sign. After the book was finished, the children retold the story to Tega in their own words. One group of kids played with a personalized version(版本) of the robot, which improved each time it interacted with the kids, learning about their language skills from the conversations they had. For this group, Tega chose which book to read based on what it thought would be most suitable and informative for the children’s language level. Every second time, Tega would replace several words in the story for these children with more difficult words with similar meanings, such as “clamour” in place of “noise”. A second group interacted with a non-personalized Tega that remembered the children each week, but chose stories to read at random (随机的) from its library of 81 picture books. For this group, the story difficulty increased every two weeks. A third group of kids didn’t interact with Tega at all. Several weeks after the last meeting, the team found that all the children who played with Tega had increased their vocabularies(词汇), but the personalized group learned the most words. Their error rate on a vocabulary test dropped by 23 percent, almost double that of the non-personalized group. The stories that the children told back to the personalized robot were also longer and more wonderful, says team member Hae Won Park. 8. What do we know about Tega? A. It has a voice of an adult. B. It is connected to the Internet. C. It can tell stories in a lively way. D. It is mainly designed to entertain kids. 9. Why did Tega ask questions during the meetings? A. To keep the kids interested. B. To help kids better understand a story. C. To know about the kids’ language skills. D. To encourage the kids to think independently. 10. What do the results of the experiment show? A. Young kids really love interacting with others. B. The robot needs to be improved to work better. C. Children can increase their vocabularies quickly. D. The personalized version of the robot helps kids most 11. What is the text mainly about? A. A new invention for kids. B. A personalized teaching method. C. A new way to increase kids’ vocabularies. D. A study carried out by researchers recently. D With enough money, it’s possible to do something unbelievable in Dubai and now you can add another to the list — walking on the moon. Recently, Canadian architectural company Moon World Resorts announced plans to construct a $5 billion resort (度假村) that looks like the moon in Dubai. The project, named Moon Dubai, is meant to help visitors experience space tourism, which allows guests to find out what it is like to walk on the moon. The resort will be very luxurious and contemporary, with a lot of components inside that one would already know — for example, a wellness area, residential properties, restaurants, a convention center, and a spa, each with a lunar twist (月球扭). It will also include a training platform for space agencies and astronauts. Space tourism currently comes with a big price tag, and it’s a barrier to entry for most travelers. However, the moon resort experience will be significantly cheaper. A walk on the lunar surface of the moon resort is much more affordable at $500. “Moon Dubai will significantly impact every aspect of the UAE’s economy, including tourism, transportation, commercial and residential real estate, infrastructure, financial services, aviation and space, energy, agriculture, technology and of course education,” says Michael R. Henderson, co-founder of Moon World Resorts. “It will be the largest and most successful modern-day tourism project in the MENA region, doubling annual tourism visitations to Dubai based on its global appeal, brand awareness and unique multiple integrated offerings.” Whether the project will eventually take off is currently unknown. If the design can be successful, it will require a 12-month pre-development planning program and a 48-month building process. But the company’s plan is viable (可行的). Moreover, Henderson estimated that the moon resort could open in 2027. 12. What do we know about the moon resort? A. It is designed to send people to the moon. B. It is a cheaper option for space tourism. C. It serves as a platform for scientists to explore space. D. It provides visitors with space classes taught by astronauts. 13. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The features of the moon resort. B. The key role of tourism in Dubai. C. The potential value of Moon Dubai. D. The purpose of carrying out Moon Dubai. 14. What stage is the moon resort at? A. Test. B. Design. C. Operation. D. Construction. 15. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To introduce a tourism project in Dubai. B. To encourage people to visit the moon resort. C. To show the development of Dubai’s space industry. D. To present the commercial success of Moon World Resorts. 二、应用文写作 假设你是第一中学的学生李华，你的加拿大笔友Daniel来信向你求助。他最近和妈妈闹矛盾，因为妈妈不让他过多上网。他对此很不理解。请你给他写一封回信，要点如下： 1.建议他向妈妈道歉； 2.说明过多上网的危害； 3.列举一些健康的休闲方式。 注意：1.词数不少于80；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Daniel, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $