专题1 专项提升1 用所给名词的适当形式填空 -【一战成名新中考】2026云南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·精讲册优质PPT课件（讲册）

英语 1 2 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 名词 ★专项提升1 用所给名词的适当形式填空 ［必考］ 3 名词变复数 1. 填复数的判定方法 (1)these/those/several/普通不定代词(many/some/few/a few/both/all/other等)/ 大于1的基数词/one of(+形容词最高级)/quite a few/a pair of/a couple of/a (great/large) number of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/different kinds of/all kinds of+可数名词复数;#1.1 4 (2)both/either/neither/all/none of+可数名词复数; (3)可数名词复数+be 动词复数形式/动词原形; (4)结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词,如：them, their; (5)通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks 筷子, clothes 衣服, glasses 眼镜, scissors剪刀, socks 短袜, trousers 裤子。#1.5 5 2. 变形方法 (1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表#2.1 类别 构成方法 示例 一般情况 加-s star→stars［2019.66］ friend→friends［2018.70］ boy→boys day→days 以字母s, x, sh, ch结尾的词 加-es class→classes box→boxes brush→brushes watch→watches 特例：stomach→stomachs 6 类别 构成方法 示例 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i, 再加-es baby→babies country→countries 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为v, 再加-es leaf→leaves wolf→wolves knife→knives shelf→shelves 以o结尾的词 有生命的加-es tomato→tomatoes［2023.47］ potato→potatoes hero→heroes 特例：bamboo→bamboos 无生命的加-s photo→photos piano→pianos video→videos zoo→zoos 续表 7 (2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化表#2.2 类别 示例 a→e型 man→men woman→women fireman→firemen fisherman→fishermen gentleman→gentlemen policeman→policemen postman→postmen 特例：human→humans oo→ee型 foot→feet tooth→teeth 8 类别 示例 “某国人”或 “某洲人” 变化口诀 ①中日永不变 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese ②英法a变e Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen 续表 9 类别 示例 “某国人”或“某洲人” 变化口诀 ③其余s加后面 African→Africans American→Americans Asian→Asians Australian→Australians Canadian→Canadians European→Europeans German→Germans Indian→Indians Russian→Russians 续表 10 类别 示例 单复数同形 deer→deer sheep→sheep 合成词：将主体词变 为复数 passer-by→passers-by toothbrush→toothbrushes 其他 mouse→mice child→children 续表 11 1. 名词作定语时,其单复数的变化情况如下： (1)被man/woman修饰的名词变复数时,需将该名词和man/woman均变为复 数形式。如： a man doctor→two men doctors a woman teacher→two women teachers (2)被其他名词修饰的名词变复数时,只需把被修饰的名词变为复数。如： a girl student→two girl students a birthday gift→two birthday gifts 2. 通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks 筷子, clothes 衣服, glasses 眼镜, scissors剪刀, socks 短袜, trousers 裤子。 12 名词变形容词 1. 填形容词的判定方法 (1)所填词位于名词前作定语; (2)所填词位于be动词后作表语; (3)所填词位于形容词短语中,其结构为：be动词+形容词+介词; (4)所填词位于感官动词或连系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, become, grow, get, turn, keep, remain之后;#5 13 (5)所填词位于复合不定代词后作后置定语; (6)所填词位于定冠词the后表示一类人; (7)所填词位于固定句型It is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.或make/keep/ leave+ sb./sth.+adj.中; (8)所填词位于“形容词+and/or+形容词”结构中。#9 14 2.变形方法 (1)n.+-y wind→windy［2024.47］ health→healthy［2023.48］ cloud→cloudy rain→rainy snow→snowy luck→lucky salt→salty sleep→sleepy#15 注意：以下名词是双写末尾字母或者去掉末尾字母e,再加-y fun→funny sun→sunny noise→noisy 15 (2)n.+-ly friend→friendly love→lovely week→weekly day→daily(把末尾字母y变为i再加-ly)#20 16 (3)n.+-ful use→useful[2022.67] wonder→wonderful[2025.48] peace→peaceful care→careful color→colorful harm→harmful help→helpful meaning→meaningful#24 pain→painful success→successful beauty→beautiful(把末尾字母y变为i再加-ful)#26 17 (4)n.+-less care→careless help→helpless home→homeless meaning→meaningless use→useless (5)n.+-al education→educational music→musical person→personal nation→national tradition→traditional 注意：以下名词是去掉末尾字母e再加-al#33 culture→cultural nature→natural centre→central#34 18 (6)n.+-ous danger→dangerous［2020.67］ humor→humorous (7)n.+-e(r)n wood→wooden east→eastern west→western south→southern north→northern#39 19 (8)以-ence/-ance结尾的名词,把-ence/-ance变成-ent/-ant confidence→confident difference→different patience→patient silence→silent importance→important#42 (9)其他 pride→proud medicine→medical science→scientific truth→true#44 更多名词变形容词的归纳见《晨读册》P29#45 20 表示“国家”、“洲”的名词变为表示国籍、语言的形容词或名词 1. China(n.)中国 →Chinese(adj.)中国的；中国人的；汉语的 →Chinese(n.)中国人；汉语；语文#50 21 2. Japan(n.)日本 →Japanese(adj.)日本的；日本人的；日语的 →Japanese(n.)日本人；日语 3. England(n.)英格兰 →English(adj.)英格兰的；英语的 →English(n.)英语#56 22 4. France(n.)法国 →French(adj.)法国的；法国人的；法语的 →French(n.)法语 5. Germany(n.)德国 →German(adj.)德国的；德国人的；德语的 →German(n.)德国人；德语#62 23 6. Africa(n.)非洲 →African(adj.)非洲的；非洲人的 →African(n.)非洲人 7. America(n.)美国；美洲 →American(adj.)美国的；美洲的 →American(n.)美国人；美洲人#68 24 8. Asia(n.)亚洲 →Asian(adj.)亚洲的；亚洲人的 →Asian(n.)亚洲人 9. Australia(n.)澳大利亚 →Australian(adj.)澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的 →Australian(n.)澳大利亚人 10. India(n.)印度 →Indian(adj.)印度的；印度人的 →Indian(n.)印度人#77 25 11. Russia(n.)俄罗斯 →Russian(adj.)俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的；俄语的 →Russian(n.)俄罗斯人；俄语 12. Europe(n.)欧洲 →European(adj.)欧洲的；欧洲人的 →European(n.)欧洲人 13. Canada(n.)加拿大 →Canadian(adj.)加拿大的；加拿大人的 →Canadian(n.)加拿大人#86 26 名词变副词 1. 填副词的判定方法 (1)所填词修饰动词或动词短语; (2)所填词修饰形容词; (3)所填词修饰介词短语; (4)所填词修饰一个句子。 27 2. 初中常见的名词变副词 success→successfully［2021.69］peace→peacefully beauty→beautifully health→healthily luck→luckily difference→differently silence→silently truth→truly care→carefully→carelessly 28 名词变名词 1. 填名词的判定方法 (1) 所填词的前面有名词所有格/形容词性物主代词/指示代词/ 不定代词/限定词/冠词/数词/形容词作定语修饰; (2)所填词位于动词或介词后作宾语; (3)所填词位于系动词后作表语, 表示人或物; (4)所填词位于句首作主语。 29 2. 初中常见的名词变名词 art→artist tour→tourist violin→violinist piano→pianist science→scientist music→musician magic→magician birth→birthday class→classmate friend→friendship law→lawyer office→officer 30 1.[2025云南48题]Our school trip was very ___________. We all had fun. (wonder) 2.[2024云南47题]It is sunny and _______ today. Let’s go outside and fly kites. (wind) 3.[2023云南47题]We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many _________ do we need? (tomato) 4.[2023云南48题]Life in a spaceship is hard, so an astronaut must have a ________ body and mind. (health) wonderful windy tomatoes healthy 31 5.[2022云南67题]Everyone can be a _______ person to make our motherland stronger. (use) 6.[2021云南69题]Tianwen-1 landed on Mars ____________ on May 15, 2021. (success) 7.[2018云南70题] ________ are those who make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. (friend) 8.[2025曲靖教学质量监测]My cousin Jim dreams of being a _________ when he grows up. (music) useful successfully Friends musician 32 9.[2025昆明西山区一模]In the past, there were a lot of __________ living around Dianchi Lake. (fisherman) 10.What a _______ day it is today! Let’s go out and enjoy nature. (sun) 11.John, get up and brush your ______. Breakfast is ready soon. (tooth) 12.When we learn some new words, we should use them as much as possible in ______ life. (day) 13.We will have many _________ to warmly celebrate our School Day. (activity) fishermen sunny teeth daily activities 33 14.All your suggestions will be discussed _________ before we make a decision. (care) 15.As we all know, printing is one of the greatest _________ inventions. (China) 16.I am helpful at home and I always wash many _______ after lunch at the weekend. (dish) 17.The _________ have cleaned the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. (child) 18.Nothing is more __________ than health, so we should take good care of our bodies. (importance) carefully Chinese dishes children important 34 19.Many birds fly back to _________ countries when warm weather comes. (north) 20.I don’t like soap operas because I think they are ____________. (meaning) 21.In the ________ part of the city stand many modern tall buildings. (center) 22.I could hardly believe she made some short _______ about water pollution by herself. (video) 23.Plastic bags are really _________ to our environment. Let’s stop using them. (harm) northern meaningless central videos harmful 35 $