高考英语写作新题型 概要写作 导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了概要写作专题，将题型解读（理解与表达要求）、篇章结构、注意事项（准确概括、语言转换）、改写技巧（同义替换、句式转换等）及实践应用（谋篇布局到完美成篇）等核心考点，按“理论-技巧-实践”层级构建学习网络，通过“写作思维流程”任务链引导学生自主分析文章结构、概括要点、运用技巧，形成概要写作的整体能力框架。 亮点在于分步引导式实践和能力进阶设计，如“写作思维流程”分谋篇布局、遣词造句、句式升级、完美成篇四步，结合同义替换、正话反说等具体技巧示例，培养学生的语言能力与思维品质。巩固练习提供真题演练及答案对比，学生可自主诊断不足，教师通过学生的概要成篇质量精准指导，助力高效备考，提升复习实效。

高考写作新题型----概要写作(Write a summary） 1. 题型解读 (1)概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查, 需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心、体裁和结构的前提下, 用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。 (2)考试中的概要写作一般提供350词左右的短文, 以说明文和议论文为主, 要求学生根据短文写出一篇60词左右的概要。 (3)写作时, 要巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达, 如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等; 有效使用逻辑关系词保证上下文的连贯性; 保证语言表达的独立性, 学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。 2. 篇章结构 3.注意事项 概要写作“一定要” 1.准确理解原文是关键 2.以自然段为单位概括要点 3.删除非必要细节 4.核心词不必替换 5.写作时句式多样化 6.完全使用自己语言 7.恰当使用连接词。 概要写作“一定不要” 1.不要使用第一人称 2. 不要加入自己观点 3. 不要对原文进行评论 4.不要添加任何无关信息 4.改写技巧： 1.同义替换法： 观点：opinions；views；viewpoints；points of view；standpoints 变化：change；turn；vary；transform；differ 1. 正话反说法: He didn’t pass the exam. → He failed the exam. The government doesn’t approve of the proposal→ The government opposes the proposal. 2. 词性转换法: Patience is very important.→ Patience is of great importance. Although his idea isn’t accepted, he didn’t give up. → Despite the refusal of his idea, he didn’t give up. 3. 改变句式法: People tend to pay much attention to their appearances.→ Much attention tends to be paid to appearances. People believe/think that … .→It is believed/thought that… It not only makes a big difference but also offers a good chance to the young. → Not only does it have a great influence but it also provides a golden opportunity for young people. 4. 单词短语互换法: 如 (1)notice --- be aware of --- realize… (2) value --- attach importance to… (3)grab the opportunity --- jump at the opportunity (4)10 percent --- 1 out of 10 --- 1 in 10 (5)in the 20th century --- in the 1900s/1900’s 【实践应用】 　阅读下面短文, 写一篇60词左右的概要。 A 7. 1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid matter supply in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday. Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中) in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area held by some 100, 000 people. Many people looked for temporary(临时的) shelters in buildings that remained unaffected. In the yard of Yushu’s Sports Committee, nearly 1, 000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some covered themselves with quilts taken out of the ruins. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles. The National Meteorological Center of CMA foretold on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations. The town is located in a far area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的) landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the area. In addition, rescuers may easily get tired working at a place with an altitude of above 4, 000 meters. Thousands of rescuers and medical workers are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, companies and persons are offering help of money and materials to the region. 写作思维流程 Step 1: 谋篇布局 本文是一篇记叙文, 介绍了青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。 Step 2: 遣词造句 1. 一场7. 1级的地震在星期三袭击了青海省玉树。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这场地震使这座城市完全被破坏了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 幸存者依赖帐篷。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 由于帐篷数量有限, 很多人寻找暂时的避难所或者待在户外。 ______________________________________________________________________________ Step 3: 句式升级 5. 用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 用转折连词but连接句3和句4。 ______________________________________________________________________________ Step 4: 完美成篇 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【巩固练习】 阅读下面短文, 写一篇60词左右的概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease(阻断疾病的一种方法), as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the King ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards (标准) of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War. Advertisements(广告) repeatedly sell the idea: Clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer, surfaces (表面) to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary(相反地), Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system (免疫系统). And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground(正逐渐获得更多支持). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案 Step 2: 遣词造句 1. 一场7. 1级的地震在星期三袭击了青海省玉树。 A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday. 2. 这场地震使这座城市完全被破坏了。 The earthquake left the city completely destroyed. 3. 幸存者依赖帐篷。 The survivors relied on the tents. 4. 由于帐篷数量有限, 很多人寻找暂时的避难所或者待在户外。 Because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors. Step 3: 句式升级 5. 用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。 A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday, which left the city completely destroyed. 6. 用转折连词but连接句3和句4。 The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors. Step 4: 完美成篇 A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday, which left the city completely destroyed. The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors. Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work. Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu. 【巩固练习】 Attitudes towards dirt are always changing. For a long time in history, Europeans believed that dirt protected them from diseases. However, since the 1700s, people’s attitude to dirt has changed, believing that washing dirt off benefits health. But seemingly, people tend to value cleanness too much. Still different as attitudes to dirt are today, some scientists advocate children being exposed to dirt to improve immunity. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $