Unit 4 My Favorite Subject 知识梳理-2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级上册

Unit 4 My Favorite Subject 知识梳理 I. 重点单词 biology n. 生物学 IT (=information technology) 信息技术 geography n. 地理（学） history n. 历史；历史课 boring adj. 乏味的；令人生厌的 useful adj. 有用的；有益的 exciting adj. 令人激动的；使人兴奋的 number n. 数字；号码 past n. 过去；过去的事情 adj. 过去的 prep. 在……之后 reason n. 原因；理由 remember v. 记住；记起 the reason for ......的原因 for this reason 出于这个原因 as prep. 如同；作为 conj. 当……时；由于 AM (=a.m.) 上午 French n. 法语 adj. 法国的；法国人的；法语的 PM (=p.m.) 下午；午后 excellent adj. 优秀的；极好的 instrument n. 乐器；器械；工具 singer n. 歌手 future n. 将来；未来 term n. 学期 problem n. 难题；困难 magic n. 魔法；魔力；魔术 adj. 有魔力的；有神奇力量的 life n. 生活；生命 scientist n. 科学家 II. 重点短语 good with 灵巧的；善于应付……的 help sb. with 帮助某人做（某事） listen to 听；倾听 good at 擅长 in the future 将来；未来 work out 计算出；解决 in class 课堂上 III. 重点句子 1. Ella doesn’t like geography because it’s boring. (P44) 埃拉不喜地理，因为它无聊。 boring的用法： e.g.: The story is boring. 这个故事很无聊。 【辨析】boring与bored的区别： e.g.: The children quickly get bored with the boring game. 孩子们很快就厌烦了这个无聊的游戏。 I’m bored with the class because the teacher is so boring. 因为老师太无聊，所以我对这门课感到无聊。 【拓展】常见类似分词： exciting令人兴奋的／excited自己感到兴奋的 moving令人感动的／moved 自己感到感动的 interesting令人感兴趣的／interested 自己感到有兴趣的 【练习】His speech makes every one of us . A. bored; bored B. boring; boring C. boring; bored D. bored; boring 2. Peter’s favourite subject is PE because it’s exciting. (P44) 彼得最喜欢的学科是体育，因为它令人兴奋。 搭配：be excited at/about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感到兴奋 e.g.: We are excited at the exciting news. 我们对那个激动人心的消息感到兴奋。 The kids were excited about the holiday. 孩子们对假期兴奋不已。 3. What’s your favourite subject? (P44) 你最喜欢的学科是什么？ 句型：What’s sb’s favourite...?用来询问他人最喜欢的人或事物；回答常用sb’s favourite ... is ... 或 ... is sb’s favourite，也可直接用名词来回答 e.g.: --What’s his favourite colour? --他最喜欢的颜色是什么？ --His favourite colour is green. / Green is his favourite colour.／Green. --他最喜欢的颜色是绿色。／绿色是他最喜欢的颜色。／绿色。 【拓展】同意转换：What’s sb’s favourite ... =What ... do/does sb like best? =What ... is sb’s favourite? e.g.: What’s your favourite animal? 你最喜欢的动物是什么？ =What animal is your favourite? ＝What animal do you like best？ 4. It’s interesting to learn about the past. (P45) 了解过去是有趣的。 a. 句型：It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth.意为“做某事（对某人而已）是……的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to do sth. e.g.: It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 It is interesting to play basketball. 打篮球很有趣。 b. past的用法： ①n.“过去；过去的事情” e.g.: Writing letters seems to be a thing of the past. 写信好像已是过去的事情了。 ②adj.“过去的” e.g.: I liked playing football in the past years. 过去几年我喜欢踢足球。 ③prep.“在……之后；经过……（的旁边）” e.g.: It is twenty past seven. 现在是七点二十分。 I walk past a park every morning. 我每天早上都路过一个公园。 5. Because I’m good with numbers. (P45) 因为我善于和数字打交道。 be good with的用法：+ sb. & sth. “擅于和……打交道；善于应付……的；与……相处得好” e.g.: She’s good with her hands. 她手很巧。 He’s very good with children. 他对孩子很有一套。 【拓展】与good相关短语： be good at“擅长……”= do well in be good to“对……友好”= be kind/friendly to be good for“对……有益处”-- be bad for e.g.: She is good at dancing. = She does well in dancing. 她擅长跳舞。 The Browns are good to us. 布朗一家对我们很友善。 Drinking milk is good for our body. 喝牛奶对身体有好处。 【练习】Doing eye exercises is your health. A. good to B. good with C. good at D. good for 6. Can you help me with this subject? (P45) 你能在这门学科上帮帮我吗？ help的用法：help (sb.) with sth. / help (sb.) (to) do sth. a. 作不可数名词 e.g.: My sister often asks me for help. 我的妹妹经常向我寻求帮助。 With her help, I learn English well. 在她的帮助下，我英语学得很好。 b. 作动词 help (sb.) with sth. / help (sb.) (to) do sth. e.g.: I help my mother with some housework. 我帮助妈妈做一些家务。 =I help my mother do some housework. =I help my mother to do some housework. 【练习】 1. --Are you feeling any better now? --No. I have taken some medicine, but it just doesn’t . A. use B. care C. help D. fit 2. --Would you my Chemistry? --Yes, I’d love to. A. help for B. help in C. help with D. help to 7. Hey, look at the time. (P45) 嘿，看下时间。 look的用法： e.g.: Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。 Look! A cat is behind the tree. 看！一只猫在树后。 【辨析】look (vi.)与see (vt. & vi.)的区别：前者强调动作，后者强调结果 e.g.: Look over there. What do you see? 看那边。你看到什么了？ 8. I have a bicycle, but I often walk to school. (P47) 我有一辆自行车，但我经常走路去学校。 walk to sp. = go to sp. on foot 【练习】请将教材原句改一个同义句 I have a bicycle, but I often go to school on foot. 8. She likes to listen to music and draw pictures. (P47) 她喜欢听音乐以及画画。 listen的用法： e.g.: Listen! The boys are singing a new song. 听！男孩们正在唱一首新歌。 Listen to the teacher carefully, please. 请认真听老师讲课。 【辨析】listen (vi.), hear (vt. & vi.), sound (link v.)的区别：listen侧重于动作，hear侧重结果，sound强调“听起来” e.g.: This girl likes to listen to the radio. 这个女孩喜欢听收音机。 Can you hear anything? 你能听到什么吗？ Your story sounds interesting. 你的故事听起来很有趣。 9. I love Thursday afternoons because we have a fun class then. (P47) 我喜欢每周四下午，因为那时我们有一节有趣的课。 a. Thursday afternoons = every Thursday afternoon b. then = at that time 10. Miss Baker is the teacher, and she works hard to make the class interesting. (P47) 老师是贝克女士，她会努力让课变得有趣。 a. hard的用法： ①adv.“努力地；大量地，沉重地” e.g.: As students, we should study hard. 作为学生，我们应该努力学习。 It often rains hard in summer. 夏天经常下大雨。 ②adj.“困难的；硬的” e.g.: English is not hard for me. 英语对我来说不难。 Rock is hard. 岩石很坚硬。 【辨析】work hard, hard work, hard-working的区别： e.g.: My parents work very hard. 我的父母工作很努力。 This is hard work for little kids. 对小朋友而言，这是苦差事。 Everybody likes Lily because she is hard-working. 因为莉莉勤奋，所以每个人都喜欢她。 b. make的用法： ①作实义动词时，表“制作” e.g.: She makes her own clothes. 她自己做衣服。 ②作使役动词时，表“使……变得；迫使……” make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人／某物处于某种状态 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make sb. + n. 使某人成为…… e.g.: He makes life very difficult for me. 他使我的生活变得很艰难。 You can’t make me do anything. 你不能强迫我做任何事。 They want to make Tom the leader of their team. 他们想让汤姆当他们团队的领导。 11. Sometimes it’s difficult to remember all the information, but Miss Baker helps me. (P47) 有时很难记住所有的信息，但贝克老师会帮助我。 remember的用法： e.g.: I can’t remember his telephone number. 我记不住他的电话号码。 【拓展】remember的搭配：remember to do sth. & remember doing sth. e.g.: Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow. 请记得明天把你的作业带来。 I remember meeting you before. 我记得以前见过你。 【练习】 1. Remember me when you arrive! A. call B. to call C. calling D. called 2. Why is the letter still here? I remember it yesterday. A. post B. to post C. posting D. posted 12. Who likes the same subjects as you and why? (P47) 谁和你喜欢一样的学科，为什么？ as的用法： a. prep. 如同；作为 e.g.: They are all dressed as clowns. 他们都打扮成小丑。 She works as a teacher. 她的职业是教师。 b. conj. 当……时；由于 e.g.: As she gets older, she knows more. 随着年龄的增长，她懂得更多。 Linda may need some help as she’s new here. 由于琳达初来乍到，可能需要一些帮助。 【练习】My aunt is working a teacher. A. as B. for C. D. out 13. I’m very busy this year. (P48) 我今年非常忙碌。 busy的用法：be busy with sth. = be busy doing sth. e.g.: Students are busy with their schoolwork every day. =Students are busying doing their schoolwork every day. 学生每日忙碌于他们的课业。 14. He lets us play all kinds of interesting instruments. (P48) 他让我们弹奏各种各样有趣的乐器。 a. let的用法：let sb. do sth.；否定形式为let sb. not do sth. 或 don’t let sb do. sth.，后者语气更强 e.g.: Let me tell you something about our school. 让我告诉你一些关于我们学校的事情。 Let him not play computer games too much. 让他不要玩太多电脑游戏。 Don’t let him play computer games too much. 不要让他玩太多电脑游戏。 b. instrument的用法：n.“乐器；器械；工具” e.g.: a sports instrument 体育器械 Is she learning a musical instrument? 她在学乐器吗? 15. I want to be a singer in the future. (P48) 我将来想成为一名歌手。 a. singer的构词法： e.g.: The young man isn’t a singer, but he sings very well. 这个年轻男子不是歌手,但是他唱得很好。 【拓展】以-er/-or结尾的表示职业或身份的词： painter 画家 teacher 教师 worker 工人 player 运动员 writer 作家 driver 司机 farmer 农民 dancer 舞者 visitor 参观者 actor 演员 director 导演 inventor 发明家 b. future的用法： e.g.: What will the world be like in the future? 未来的世界会是什么样的？ 【辨析】in the future与in future的区别： e.g.: He wants to become a doctor in the future. 他将来想成为一名医生。 Please don’t be late in future. 今后请别迟到。 c. want的用法：want sb./sth. & want (sb.) to do sth. e.g.: I want to be a teacher in the future. 我未来想当一名老师。 My mother wants me to help her with the housework. 我妈妈想让我帮她做家务。 16. We learn how to work out maths problems in class. (P48) 我们在课上学习如何解决数学问题。 a. work out“计算出；解决” e.g.: Let’s work it out, so we can make plans. 我们把它算出来，以便于我们制订计划。 b. problem“难题；困难” e.g.: It’s not a problem for me. 它对我而言不是问题。 【辨析】problem与question的区别：problem常指等待解决的问题，尤指比较难的问题或者物理、数学题等,常和work out、solve等搭配；question常指由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，常和ask或answer搭配 e.g.: I can’t solve this problem. 我不能解决这个难题。 He asks me a question but I can’t answer it. 他问了我一个问题，但我答不了。 c. in class“在课上” e.g.: What do you learn in class today? 今天你在课上学了什么？ 【辨析】in class与in the class的区别：前者表示“在上课中”，指抽象的教学活动进行状态，不特指具体班级；后者表示“在教室里”或“在班级中”，指具体物理空间或集体成员 e.g.: No talking in class. 课堂上禁止说话。 There are 30 students in the class. 班里有30名学生。 17. Maths is very useful in our life, and I want to be a scientist in the future. (P48) 数学在我们的生活中非常有用，我将来想成为一名科学家。 a. useful的用法： ①构词法：use + -ful adj.“有用的；有益的”-- useless adj.“无用的” 【拓展】类似构成：helpful、careful、hopeful等 ②搭配：be useful to sb. & be useful for doing sth. e.g.: The English-Chinese dictionary is useful. 这本英汉词典很有用。 Reading is useful to us. 阅读对我们有益。 A cool box is useful for keeping picnic food. 冷藏箱对保存野餐食物有用。 b. life的用法： ①n.“生活”（常用单数）：have a(n) ... life = live a(n) ... life 过着……的生活 e.g.: Now we have/live a happy life. 现在我们过着幸福的生活。 ②n.“生命” e.g.: The doctor saves many people’s lives. 这位医生挽救了许多人的生命。 18. What subjects do Mike and Binbin both have? (P49) 麦克和和和斌斌都念什么学科？ both的用法： e.g.: Both (of) the women were French. 两名妇女都是法国人。 【辨析】both（两者）与all（三者及以上）的区别： e.g.: They both come from England. 他俩都来自英格兰。 All the students like apples. 所有学生都喜欢苹果。 19. How does Mike feel about music? (P49) 麦克觉得音乐怎么样？ 句型：How do/does sb. feel about ...?“某人觉得……怎么样?” =What do/does sb. think of/about ...? How does sb. like/find ...? e.g.: How do you feel about the new book? 你觉得这本新书怎么样? =What do you think of/about the new book? =How do you like/find the new book? IV. 重点语法 1. why引导的特殊疑问句 用于询问原因，回答时常用because引导的句子 e.g.: --Why do you like playing basketball? --Because it’s interesting. --你为什么喜欢打篮球? --因为它有趣。 2. 连词 a. 并列连词：表示单词、短语或句子间有并列关系的连词 ①and意为“和，又，及；而且”，用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子,表示并列、递进或顺承关系；连接三个或三个以上的单词、短语或句子时，and一般置于最后的单词、短语或句子之前 e.g.: My sister and I study in the same school. 并列关系 我和我的妹妹在同一所学校上学。 He did the work and did it well. 递进关系 他做了那项工作，而且做得很好。 He knocked on the door and went in. 顺承关系 他敲敲门走了进去。 ②but意为“但是”，用来连接单词、短语或句子，表示转折关系，所连接的内容意思往往相反或相对 e.g.: The garden is small but beautiful. 这个花园很小但很漂亮。 She is not my cousin but my sister. 她不是我的表妹，而是我的妹妹。 He studies hard, but his English is not good. 他学习努力，但英语却不好。 b. 从属连词 because意为“因为；由于”，用来说明原因或作出解释，语气较强 ①用来回答由why引导的特殊疑问句 e.g.: --Why do you like art? --Because it’s fun. --你为什么喜欢美术? --因为它很有趣。 ②引导原因状语从句，置于主句之后 e.g.: We stay at home because it rains. 因为下雨了，所以我们待在家里。 【拓展】so意为“所以”，常用于连接两个具有因果关系的并列分句 e.g.: The girl is very kind, so we all like her. 这个女孩非常友善，所以我们都喜欢她。 【注意】because和so不能同时用在一个句子中 e.g.: Tom is late for school because he gets up late. =Tom gets up late, so he is late for school. 因为汤姆起晚了，所以他上学迟到了。 【练习】 1. It’s hard for us to say goodbye we have so many happy days to remember. A. so B. because C. and D. but 2. I like dancing, I don’t have enough time to practice it. A. or B. so C. but D. because 3. Chen Wei isn’t at school today he is on holiday in Shanghai. A. so B. because C. before D. if 3. 时间介词 a. at接具体的时刻及一些固定搭配 e.g.: at six twenty, at midnight, at the moment b. in接年份、月份、季节、时间段以及一些固定短语 e.g.: in 2017, in May, in spring, in ten years, in the morning/afternoon/evening c. on ①接具体某天 e.g.: on Monday, on May 4th ②morning, afternoon, evening, night等词被具体修饰时 e.g.: on the morning of July 6th, on a rainy morning, on Tuesday night 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $