UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦“自然灾害”主题，系统构建高中英语学习支架，涵盖词汇积累（如flood, rescue, shelter等核心词）、句型运用（定语从句、as if从句、too...to...结构）、听力理解（新闻报道判断与填空）、阅读分析（唐山地震文章深层解读）、写作训练（概要写作步骤指导）及语法巩固（限制性定语从句），形成“话题导入—语言输入—技能应用—练习反馈”的完整脉络。 该资料突出情境化与分层设计，通过话题素材积累（教材词汇与佳句）、场景交流模拟（John和Lucy对话）提升语言能力，借助阅读细节分析（伤亡数据、救援措施）培养思维品质，分层练习（课后分层练、单元强化练）助力学习能力发展。课中教师可依托听力再利用、语音知识模块高效授课，课后学生能通过语法填空、写作模板自主查漏补缺，实现语言技能与思维素养的协同提升。

Xiaohe, a student far from her hometown, was shocked when she learned that a flood had hit her village.Heavy rain led to floods and landslides.Many houses were destroyed and in ruins, and electricity was cut off.People were trapped, and some even lost their lives, buried under the debris.Moved by the disaster, Xiaohe decided to do something.She first gathered clothes, food, and daily supplies from her classmates.Then, she contacted local aid organizations to deliver these supplies to her hometown.With great efforts, the supplies finally reached the survivors.As the PLA soldiers carried out rescue work, shelters were set up, enabling people to rebuild their lives.Xiaohe's small act of kindness brought hope to those suffering from the disaster. Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking Part 1话题素材积累 教材词汇 话题佳句 1.a natural disaster　　　 　 一场自然灾害 2．a small tornado 一场小龙卷风 3．a severe drought 一场严重的干旱 4．cause a landslide 引起山体滑坡 5．a piece of news about the floods 一条有关洪水的消息 6．volcanic eruption 火山喷发 7．a 7.8­magnitude earthquake 一场7.8级地震 8．rescue workers 救援人员 9．damage the buildings 毁坏楼房 10．destroy lots of homes 摧毁大量房屋 描绘自然灾害常用表达： 1．Word came that a lot of people were trapped in the flood.消息传来：很多人被困在了洪水中。 2．Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.救援工人和士兵们夜以继日地工作，以确保人们的安全。 3．A lot of houses were damaged，leaving many people homeless.许多房屋被毁，使很多人无家可归。 4．Stay calm and we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly. 保持镇静，我们最好待在室内，确保门窗紧闭。 Part 2教材听力再利用（教材P48） Ⅰ.Listen to the news reports and judge True (T) or False (F). News report 1 1．A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday on 17 April.(F) News report 2 2．Homes and land have been destroyed，but no one has been killed.(T) News report 3 3．A tornado happened in southern Memphis on Sunday 12 August.(F) 4．A police officer tells us that at least one person has died.(T) News report 4 5．The landslide was caused by the heavy rain that has fallen in Seoul over the past week.(T) Ⅱ.Listen to the news reports again and fill in the blanks. News report 1 The 6.7.8­magnitude earthquake damaged many 7.buildings，and early reports said that about 8.230 people were killed and more than 9.1，500 were injured. News report 2 The government is helping more than 10.12，000 people in Hunan and Jiangxi get away from the 11.rising water.They are also bringing 12.food and water to those whose homes 13.were lost in the disaster. News report 3 Eyewitnesses said that at 14.9：25 a．m.，the tornado destroyed 15.four homes.More tornados are 16.possible，and the police advise 17.avoiding the area. News report 4 And in Seoul，a landslide damaged 18.a library and a supermarket in a southern 19.neighbourhood．According to the police，no one 20.was injured in the landslide，but 21.several cars were damaged. Part 3场景交流模拟 John和Lucy是同班同学，他们在谈论昨天Lucy的家乡发生的地震。 John：Hi, Lucy! I heard that 1.an earthquake broke out in your hometown （你的家乡发生了地震）. Lucy：Yes, it happened yesterday. John：2.Are there people who lost their lives （有人失去生命吗）？ Lucy：Not yet, but a lot of houses were damaged, 3.leaving many people homeless （使很多人无家可归）. John：Have the people trapped in the houses been rescued? Lucy：Yes.The firefighters arrived early to rescue the survivors. John：4.Where are the survivors living now （幸存者现在住在哪里）？ Lucy：In the shelters.5.They are being taken good care of （他们正受到很好的照顾）. John：Thank goodness! Hope they will rebuild their homes soon. Lucy：Thank you! Part 4语音知识 1．清辅音和浊辅音的发音技巧 辅音类别 示例 清辅音 /p/ pay，peach，supply /t/ foot，sit，team，table /k/ kiss，class，clock，cat /f/ life，first，fast，father，far，photo /s/ face，stop，study，star，sad，nice /ʃ/ fish，wish，wash，shirt，short 清辅音 /θ/ three，thank，mouth，tooth，think /h/ home，horse，house，he，his，him /tr/ tree，try，train，trip，true，street /tʃ/ cheap，chair，check，child，watch 浊辅音 /b/ bee，buy，but，black，blue，basket /d/ dog，do，sad，bad，dad /g/ big，get，good，guest，glass /v/ very，never，five，fever /z/ busy，easy，nose，zero /ʒ/ usual，pleasure，decision /ð/ that，these，there，father，brother /r/ red，room，run，right，rat，rose /dr/ driver，dress，draw，dry /dʒ/ large，cage，bridge，change，job 注意 在/s/后/p//t//k/要读成相应的浊辅音/b//d//g/ 2.规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则 [备课札记] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Step One　Lead­in 1．Brainstorm some words of natural disasters. Tornado, tsunami, earthquake, wildfire, flood, drought, volcanic eruption, snowslide... 2．If an earthquake occurs, what will happen? ·Buildings will fall down． ·People will get trapped, badly injured, or even dead． ·The earthquake­stricken area will be in ruins． Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Read the text and fill in the blanks. 2．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan. B.The damages caused by the earthquake in Tangshan. C.People suffered from the earthquake in Tangshan. D.The history of the development of Tangshan. 答案：A Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and answer the questions. 1．How did people react to those warning signs? People were asleep as usual that night. 2．How did people feel before the earthquake? A．Excited. B．Ignorant. C．Worried. D．Frightened. 答案：B Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－3 and fill in number values. ①1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake. ②A huge crack, 8 kilometers long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. ③In less than 1 minute, a large city lay in ruins. ④2/3 of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ⑤The number of people who were killed or badly injured in quake was more than 400，000． ⑥About 75% of the city's factories and buildings, 90% of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Ⅲ.Read Paras.4－5 and finish the following exercises. 1．Fill in the blanks The army sent soldiers to ①dig out those who were ②trapped and to ③bury the dead Doctors and nurses came to ④provide medical care Workers built ⑤shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed Government with strong ⑥support from the government and the tireless ⑦efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built 2.What's the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” in Para.4? A．People weren't sad any more. B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. C．The earthquake finally came to an end. D．Those who were trapped were saved. 答案：B Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following question with your partners and present your answer to the class. Suppose you were a survivor of the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, would you please share your experience with us? Your presentation： I remembered there were strange things happening in our city before the quake, but no one paid much attention to it.It was terrible when the earthquake happened.I felt shocked, because everything was shaking and in ruins in one minute.It seemed as if the world came into an end.Luckily, people from all over the country came to our rescue. ◎ THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern Hebei.For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.There were deep cracks②[1]that appeared in the well walls．At least③ one well had some smelly gas [2]coming out of it．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to④ eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city's one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night. [1]此处是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰cracks。that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 [2]此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。 [3]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake.It seemed [4]as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across⑪ houses, roads, and waterways⑫.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than⑬ one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑭.Two thirds of the people [5]who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of⑮ children were left without parents⑯.The number of⑰ people [6]who were killed or badly⑱ injured in the quake was more than 400，000. [4]此处是as if引导的表语从句，从句中系动词be用were表示虚拟语气。 [5]who lived there和[6]who were killed or badly injured in the quake都是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰people, who在从句中作主语。 [7]Everywhere survivors⑲ looked, there was nothing but⑳ ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent㉑ of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone㉒.Bricks㉓ covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away㉔.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks㉕ were now useless pieces of metal㉖.Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock㉗—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity㉘ were hard to get.[8]People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. [7]此处是由从属连词everywhere引导的地点状语从句。 [8]此句是how long引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。单个的how引导宾语从句时，表示方式；由how结合形容词或副词引导宾语从句时，how表示程度。 But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉙ those who were trapped㉚ and to bury㉛ the dead㉜.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉝.Workers built shelters for survivors [9]whose homes had been destroyed．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe㉞again. [9]此处是由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，修饰survivors。whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。 Tangshan started to revive㉟ itself and get back up on its feet㊱.With strong support㊲ from the government and the tireless efforts㊳ of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world [10]that in times of㊴ disaster, people must unify㊵ and show the wisdom㊶ to stay positive㊷ and rebuild for a brighter future． [10] 此处是that引导的宾语从句，作has proved的宾语。 ◎ ①in the countryside在农村 ②crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 ③at (the) least至少 at (the) most至多，不超过 ④too...to...太……而不能…… ⑤run out of从……跑出来；用光 ⑥as usual像往常一样 than usual...比往常…… ⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 ⑧come to an end结束 ⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的 ⑩cause damage造成损失/损害 cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害 ⑪cut across横穿；抄近路穿过 ⑫waterway n．水路；航道 ⑬less than少于 more than多于；不仅仅是；非常 ⑭ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ⑮thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 ⑯“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ⑰the number of...……的数量 ⑱badly adv.非常；极度地 ⑲survivor n．幸存者；生还者 ⑳nothing but只有，只，仅仅 ㉑percent n．百分之……adj.& adv.每一百中 ㉒gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 ㉓brick n．砖；砖块 ㉔blow away刮走；吹走 ㉕track n．轨道；跑道 keep track of了解；与……保持联系；跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 ㉖metal n．金属 ㉗shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 in shock震惊；吃惊 ㉘electricity n．电；电能 ㉙dig out挖出 ㉚trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱 ㉛bury vt.埋葬；安葬 ㉜the dead死者；逝者（“the＋adj.”可表示一类人） ㉝medical care医疗护理 ㉞breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 ㉟revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒 revival n．振兴；复苏 ㊱on one's feet （困境后）恢复；站立着 ㊲support n．支持 ㊳effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ㊴in times of在……时期 ㊵unify vt.统一；（使）成一体 ㊶wisdom n．智慧；才智 ㊷positive adj.积极的；肯定的 stay positive 保持乐观 ◎ 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，伴有巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡。 凌晨3：42，一切都开始摇晃。仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市的正下方11千米处，称得上20世纪伤亡最严重的一场地震发生了，这场地震甚至对150多千米外的北京造成了破坏。全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中非死即伤。成千上万的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。城市里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，强烈的地震又一次撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了。没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。 但是希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。上万名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。数十万的人获得了帮助。水和食物通过火车、卡车和飞机被运到了这座城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新复苏起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山已经向中国、向世界证明，在灾难来临之际，人类必须团结一致，展现保持乐观的智慧，重建更光明的未来。 flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 【教材原句】　What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area? 洪水受灾区的营救工人和士兵在做什么？ 【要点归纳】 (1)a flood of... 一大批…… (2)flood in/into 大量涌入…… flood out of 蜂拥而出 (3)表“情感”的名词＋flood over sb 某人深感…… (4)be flooded with 充满/挤满…… 【佳句必背】　She thought about Jim, memories flooding out as she closed her eyes.（读后续写之心理描写）闭上眼睛，她想起了吉姆，回忆如潮水般涌上心头。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①We have received a flood of emails from the audience telling us how your lecture has helped them. ②When she heard the sad news, her eyes were flooded (flood) with tears. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（读后续写之恐惧心理描写）一阵焦虑向她席卷而来，但她强迫自己冷静地离开了房间。 A wave of anxiety flooded over her, but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 【教材原句】　What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area? 救援人员和士兵在洪灾区的行动有哪些？ 【要点归纳】 (1)come to one's rescue＝rescue sb 救援某人 rescue workers 救援人员 (2)rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来 【佳句必背】　To save ourselves, we created a large SOS using tree branches and were finally rescued by helicopter.（读后续写之历险经历）为了自救，我们用树枝做了一个巨大的求救信号，最后被直升机救了出来。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted（敬礼） and smiled to them. ②The young woman expressed her gratitude to the worker for coming to her rescue. 【写成佳句】　词汇升级 ③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers saved us. →When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers rescued us/came to our rescue． shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 【要点归纳】 (1)take shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下 a shelter for... ……的庇护所 (2)shelter...from... 保护……不受…… 【佳句必背】　During a hurricane, you'd better stay in the shelter, away from windows, and pay attention to weather warning timely.（应用文之告知信）飓风来袭时，你最好待在避风处，远离窗户，及时关注天气预警。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand, sheltering himself from the rain. ②Since the beggar refused to leave, she and Der Lun built a little shelter for him. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③又累又饿，我们在一棵大树的遮蔽处休息了一下。 Tired and hungry, we had a rest under the shelter of a big tree. ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 【教材原句】　In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。 【要点归纳】 (1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 (2)ruin one's hope/health/plan 使某人的希望破灭/损害某人的健康/破坏某人的计划 【佳句必背】　 I think this rule is necessary, because some students may form a bad habit, which will ruin their future. 我认为这一规定是必要的，因为一些学生可能会养成坏习惯，这将毁了他们的未来。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He returned home only to find that his house had been ruined (ruin) by the flood. ②Many houses and roads were in ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③“我们毁了你的生日，”珍妮含着泪水说。 “We have ruined your birthday，” said Jenny with tears in her eyes. ④（应用文之安慰信）我们很遗憾地听说一场严重的台风袭击了你的家乡，把你的房子变成了废墟。 We're so sorry to hear that a serious typhoon hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins． shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（联想：shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的） 【教材原句】　People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，强烈的地震又一次撼动唐山。 【要点归纳】 (1)a great shock to sb 对某人来说极为震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 【佳句必背】　Shocked, Mom threw her arms around her daughter, saying, “Baby, I am so sorry! I promise this mistake will not be repeated.” 妈妈震惊地抱住女儿说：“宝贝，我很抱歉！我保证不会再犯这样的错误。” 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She was even more shocked (shock) when Kathy gave her a big hug, saying, “Many thanks.” ②One day I met Anna in the market, my former classmate, who told me shocking (shock) news. ③I received a painful call saying that Juli had just passed away, which came as a shock to me. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④老人看了儿子一会儿，震惊得说不出话来。 The old man looked at his son for a moment, too shocked to speak． ⑤（读后续写之心理描写）令他吃惊的是，他们摘下帽子，都把头发剃得干干净净。 To his shock, they took off their hats, and their heads were all shaved clean. bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 【教材原句】　Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。 【要点归纳】 (1)be buried under/in... 被埋在…… bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头 (2)bury oneself in/be buried in 埋头于/专心于 【佳句必背】　I hope that everyone will do some sports in their spare time rather than just stay at home or bury themselves in their work.（话题写作之运动） 我希望每个人在业余时间都能做些运动，而不仅仅是待在家里或埋头工作。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①（读后续写之情绪描写）我再也无法控制自己的情绪，我双手抱头，悲伤的泪水浮过我的脸颊。 No longer able to contain my emotion, I buried my head in my hands and let tears of sadness wash over my face. ②玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 →Because she was buried in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part­time job. →Buried in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part­time job.（过去分词作状语） →Burying herself in her graduation paper, Mary had no time to do a part­time job.（现在分词作状语） effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 【教材原句】　With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。 【要点归纳】 with effort 费力地；努力地 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 spare no effort (to do sth) 不遗余力（做某事） 【佳句必背】　No matter what small effort we make, it does make a difference.（应用文之倡议书）无论我们付出的努力多么微小，它确实都会产生影响。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Though Senior Three is tough, I will make an effort to achieve (achieve) my dream. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②在我们的共同努力下，我相信我们一定会让世界变得更美好。 With our joint effort, I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place. ③政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。 The government is determined to spare no effort to build shelters for homeless people. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦（联想：suffering n．苦难，痛苦　sufferer n．受难者） 【教材原句】　What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? 你认为地震遇难的人需要哪种帮助？ 【要点归纳】 suffer from... 患……病；因……而受苦 suffer from pain/damage/loss/failure 遭受痛苦/破坏/损失/失败 【佳句必背】　The long­term use of computers causes many students to suffer loss of memory, whose interest in studying also drops greatly.长期使用电脑导致许多学生记忆力减退，学习兴趣也大大下降。, 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It is known that there are still many people suffering (suffer) from hunger in many countries. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（应用文之倡议书）许多年轻人正遭受超重的困扰，攀岩对他们来说是一种很好的减肥和增强体力的方式。 Many young people are suffering from overweight and rock­climbing is good for them to lose weight and get stronger. too...to...太……而不能…… 【教材原句】　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 【要点归纳】 (1)too＋adj./adv.(＋for sb)＋to do sth 表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 (2)当“too...to...”结构用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。 (3)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teacher asked us to pair up for a basketball practice, but I was too shy to make (make) the first move. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。” As the old saying goes，“It's never too late to learn．” ③（话题写作之传统文化）我非常高兴地得知您对长城感兴趣。长城太宏伟(grand)了，不容错过。 I am too pleased to learn that you are keen on the Great Wall.The Great Wall is too grand to miss． as if/though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句 【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 【要点归纳】 (1)若as if/though所引导的从句陈述的是事实，从句用陈述语气； (2)若as if/though所引导的从句陈述的事并不存在或极少可能发生，从句用虚拟语气，具体情况如下： ①与现在事实相反时，从句使用一般过去时（出现系动词be时，选用were）； ②与过去事实相反，从句使用过去完成时； ③与将来事实相反，从句使用would/could/might＋do。 【佳句必背】　Every time I listen to music, it feels as if a picture of a river is spreading before me.每当我听音乐时，就好像一幅河流的画面在我面前展开。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①People were moving around me as if nothing had happened (happen). ②He was so anxious that he felt as if he were (be) on pins and needles. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（应用文之推荐信）你好像对中国文化很感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。 It seems as if you are interested in Chinese culture，so I recommend you to apply to Peking University，one of the best universities in China. ④（读后续写之悲伤心理描写）他非常沮丧，似乎已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。 He was quite upset and it seemed as if he had been thrown into an ocean of sadness． 1．affect ①We had a better idea about how many people were affected by the disease.　B　 ②（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.　A　 ③We were all deeply affected by the moving story.　C　 2．写出句中加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 ①（2024·浙江1月卷）I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.vi.躲避 ②（2023·全国甲卷）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. vi.涌入 [课后分层练13] （时间：45分钟　满分：73.5分） Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Five percent （百分比） of the students in our school are against the rule. 2．We should make it a habit to save electricity （电） and practice it in our daily life. 3．As we all know, over the past years, floods （洪水）， earthquakes and wildfires have happened frequently. 4．Greenhouse gases （气体） will be given out less and our earth will also be better to live on. 5．They needed to find all the materials they need, including woods, bricks （砖块）， nails and so on. 6．Some words can have different meanings in different contexts （语境）. 7．In recent years there have been many natural disasters （灾害） caused by human activities. 8．Volcanic eruptions （爆发） are much common on these islands. Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Their father had a near­death accident which caused severe damage to his right hand. 2．The words of wisdom (wise) in the book, such as “One sees clearly only with the heart”， touched me deeply. 3．I sat down, burying (bury) my head in my hands, tears rolling down my face. 4．They were both shocked (shock) to see the whole house was on fire. 5．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed (destroy) by the terrible disaster last week. 6．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins (ruin). 7．I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to breathe (breathe). 8．What made me terrified was that my feet were trapped (trap) by some weed and I could not swim anymore. Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．我很抱歉知道你这些天身体不好。 I am really sorry to know that you are suffering from poor health these days. 2．如果我成为一名志愿者，我会不遗余力地提供最好的服务。 If I were to become one of the volunteers, I would spare no effort to offer my best service． 3．这道考题太难了，让人无法理解。事实上没有人解答出来。 This exam question was too difficult to understand．Actually nobody worked it out. 4．这里的世界是如此的安静，仿佛时间已经停止了。 The world here was so quiet as if time had stopped． 5．幸运的是，一些登山者来救我，并把我送到附近的医院。 Fortunately, some climbers came to my rescue and sent me to the hospital nearby. Ⅳ.课文语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1smelly (smell) gas was coming out of at least one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in the city, 2who were asleep as usual that night, didn't think much of those. At 3：42 a．m., one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.It 3destroyed (destroy) the city and even caused damage in Beijing.In less than one minute, Tangshan lay 4in ruins.The number of people who were killed or terribly injured in the quake 5was (be) more than 400，000.Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6to get (get). But not all hope was lost.Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the 7trapped (trap) and bury the dead.Many more people, 8including (include) workers and doctors, came to their aid.Through all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, a new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 9to the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the 10wisdom (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共17.5分） A （2025·广州高一检测） Four of the World's Disasters The following four disasters destroyed cities around the world by flood, typhoon, or earthquake.These events have totally taken millions of human lives. Yangtze River Flood The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan.The flood affected more than 50 million people.Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. Typhoon Nina Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975.The typhoon caused a serious dam （水坝） failure, and more than 300，000 people were dead or injured.The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10，000，000. Kashmir Earthquake On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks and landslides.The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.At least 79，000 people were killed. Haitian Earthquake At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5.There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.Hundreds of thousands more became homeless. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了世界上四个重大的自然灾害——长江洪水、台风莲娜、克什米尔地震和海地地震，对每个灾害的发生时间、地点、影响范围和造成的伤亡人数等进行了描述。 1．Which disaster caused the most deaths? A．Yangtze River Flood. B．Typhoon Nina. C．Kashmir Earthquake. D．Haitian Earthquake. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章Yangtze River Flood部分中的“Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.”、Typhoon Nina部分中的“and more than 300, 000 people were dead or injured”、Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“At least 79，000 people were killed.”以及Haitian Earthquake部分中的“but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died”可知，长江洪水造成的死亡人数最多。故选A。 2．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious? A．The serious aftershocks. B．The diseases after earthquake. C．The continuous falling rocks. D．The low building quality. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.”可知，是当地建筑质量差导致克什米尔地震后的情况更加严重。故选D。 3．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti? A．It had caused other disasters. B．It happened in the hottest season. C．It had a debatable death count. D．It happened only once. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Haitian Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.”可知，海地地震的死亡人数是有争议的。故选C。 B （2025·重庆高一检测）Scientists say they've discovered an earthquake­like event that can happen during a hurricane or other storms.Researchers called it a “stormquake” after studying events caused by earthquakes on the sea floor during such storms. Strong energy from hurricanes and serious storms can create very large waves in the ocean.“These waves then interact in some places with solid earth under the sea to cause intense seismic （地震的） source activity，” said the leader researcher Fan, a professor at Florida State University, “The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.” The researchers found evidence （证据） of more than 10，000 stormquakes in coastal areas of the U．S.and Canada, which have happened around sea floors containing flat land and at lower depths.But it was not known until recently that such events even existed.This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as “background noise”． The research found major U．S.hurricanes had produced a lot of stormquakes.One example was Hurricane Bill in 2009 in the Atlantic Ocean, causing about 300 stormquakes as it moved north.But no such activity was recorded in areas along the U．S.East Coast.The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U．S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions. Fan added that there are still “lots of unknowns” about stormquakes.But he said discovering them “suggests we are reaching a new level of understanding seismic waves”．He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.“Now we are able to understand it—or at least track part of its route—through the solid earth as well，” he said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似地震的自然现象——“风暴地震”，介绍了其形成过程、特点和影响其形成的条件，这一发现有助于改进飓风研究方法。 4．What is the characteristic of a stormquake according to this passage? A．Being seasonal. B．Being unexpected. C．Being long­lasting. D．Being global. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.”可知，风暴地震的显著特征是持续时间长。故选C。 5．Why were stormquakes unknown to science before? A．Because they were ignored by scientists. B．Because they were hardly seen on the Earth. C．Because they were similar to common earthquakes. D．Because they generally happened in deep sea floors. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as ‘background noise’．”可知，以前的科学界对风暴地震一无所知，是因为他们曾经被科学家当成“背景噪音”忽视了。故选A。 6．What message is conveyed in Paragraph 4? A．All hurricanes don't lead to stormquakes. B．Stormquakes happen more along the East Coast. C．Stormquakes influence the sea floor's conditions. D．Stronger hurricanes produce bigger stormquakes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中“The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U.S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions.”可推知，并不是所有的飓风都带来风暴地震。故选A。 7．What is the significance of the discovery? A．Helping to predict an earthquake more exactly. B．Offering a different view on hurricane researches. C．Suggesting the richness of the seismic wave field. D．Preventing possible hurricanes and lessening losses. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.”可知，这个发现的意义是为研究飓风提供了另一个角度。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2025·吉林高一检测）Madden is an 8­year­old boy.He was playing with his toys in front of the window.Suddenly, he saw water flowing into the 　1　．He shouted to his mom Sandy.“Look, Mom, here comes the 　2　！” Sandy saw the house lifted up off its 　3　 and it began to be carried away by the water. Sandy thought 　4　 and found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in.They struggled out of the house.The flood was so strong that the basin 　5　．Sandy managed to put Madden in again.But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　6　 of her son.All she could hear was Madden crying, “Mommy！” After being 　7　 from her son, Sandy tried all her best to find safety and she was 　8　． But as a mother, she couldn't imagine 　9　 her son.She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.Then came a rescue team and the 　10　 started.One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　11　 of Madden.Worse still, it was growing 　12　．Sandy began to 　13　． Then came good news.Madden was found on the top of a small house, safe and 　14　．He said he believed his mother was waiting for him.Sandy said she couldn't 　15　 the rescuers enough. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母子经历洪水，儿子因为洪水与母亲失散，最终又获救的故事。 1． A．basin B．river C．yard D．well 解析：选C。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，发生了洪水，因此孩子看到水进入了院子。故选C。 2． A．rain B．flood C．stream D．sun 解析：选B。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，房子都被裹挟而走，发生了洪水。故选B。 3． A．base B．wall C．roof D．exit 解析：选A。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，洪水冲走了房屋，因此房屋被抬升，脱离了地基。故选A。 4． A．hardly B．certainly C．quickly D．naturally 解析：选C。根据下文“found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in”可知，Sandy思维敏捷。故选C。 5． A．cracked B．disappeared C．shook D．overturned 解析：选D。根据前文“The flood was so strong”以及后文“Sandy managed to put Madden in again.”可知，此处表示装有儿子的水盆翻倒了。故选D。 6． A．track B．sense C．sight D．breath 解析：选C。根据后文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，lose sight of表示“看不见”。故选C。 7． A．separated B．saved C．transported D．delivered 解析：选A。根据前文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，所以此处表示母亲与孩子分离。故选A。 8． A．unique B．professional C．responsible D．lucky 解析：选D。根据后文“She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.”以及语境可知，母亲找到了安全的地方，很幸运。故选D。 9． A．helping B．losing C．calming D．trapping 解析：选B。根据上文“But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　　　 of his son.”可知，母亲不能想象失去自己的儿子。故选B。 10．A．research B．legend C．search D．hike 解析：选C。根据后文“One hour, two hours, three hours...”可知，时间一点点流逝，搜救在进行着，此处表示搜救开始了。故选C。 11．A．sign B．movement C．alarm D．whistle 解析：选A。根据前文“but”以及语境可知，此处表示并未发现小孩的迹象。故选A。 12．A．warm B．dark C．normal D．strange 解析：选B。根据前文的“but”与“Worse still”可知，情况不容乐观，天越来越黑，增加了救援的难度。故选B。 13．A．watch out B．check out C．take control D．break down 解析：选D。根据前文“One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　　　 of Madden.”可知，找到孩子的可能性越来越小，所以母亲开始崩溃。故选D。 14．A．powerful B．sound C．active D．wise 解析：选B。根据前文“Then came good news.”以及“safe”可知，Madden安然无恙(safe and sound)。故选B。 15．A．thank B．accept C．supply D．compare 解析：选A。根据前文“Madden was found on the top of a small house”可知，小男孩被救，所以母亲对救援队感激不尽。故选A。 [备课札记] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures— Restrictive relative clauses (1) (that，which，who，whom，whose) 分析下列课文原句 1．There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 2．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 3．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 4．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【我的感悟】 定语从句的概念 由关系代词who，whom，which，that，whose等引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的后面。 关系代词的作用 关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句；被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等；关系副词有when、where、why等。 ①To further deepen your understanding of Chinese culture, I have a few suggestions that might be helpful. 为了进一步加深你对中国文化的了解，我有一些建议可能会有所帮助。 ②For those who want to pay a visit to Wuhan, there are many buses coming directly to scenic spots. 对于那些想要参观武汉的人来说，有很多直达景点的公共汽车。 ③China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 二、定语从句中关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在句中所作的成分 that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人、物 定语 as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 1.who代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 ①All the teachers and students who are interested in the event are welcome to participate.（作主语） 欢迎所有对本次活动感兴趣的师生参加。 ②He is the athlete (who) I met yesterday.（作宾语） 他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。 2．whom代替指人的先行词， 在定语从句中作宾语， 可省略。 ①I'd really like to find a friend (whom) I can trust completely. 我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。 ②There are many people with whom you can share your feelings. 有很多你可以与之分享感受的人。 【点拨】　(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。 The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John's elder brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。 The young man to whom you spoke just now is my elder brother. 刚才和你说话的那个年轻人是我哥哥。 3．whose代替指人或指物的先行词，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。 ①Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。 ②He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。 ————即学即练1———— 用适当的关系代词填空 ①As a Chinese who is interested in travelling, I would like to introduce my favourite city—Beijing. ②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please. ③The doctor whom/who/that my father worked with last year has gone abroad. ④In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 4．which代替指物的先行词， 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 ①Everywhere I saw, there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.（作主语） 目光所及之处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。 ②The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.（作宾语） 她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 ③This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（作介词in的宾语） 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 5．that代替指人或指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 ①This is the novel that interests me.（指物，作主语） 这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。 ②The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.（指物，作宾语） 我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。 ③The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（指人，作主语） 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 6．as 引导限制性定语从句时，它通常要与such，as/so, the same 搭配，构成such(...)as, the same(...)as, as/so...as这样的固定搭配，同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 ①I am glad to have the same medal as you have.（as作宾语） 我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。 ②It was as touching a film as was ever seen.（第二个as作主语） 这是一部非常感人的影片。 ————即学即练2———— 用适当的关系词填空 ①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet. ②I still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago. ③The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible. 三、只用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ①The first thing (that) we should do is work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计划。 ②This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食物。 2．当先行词是all, any, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 I work on anything that excites me. 我做任何让我兴奋的事情。 3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 The only thing (that) we need to think about is how to deal with it. 我们唯一需要考虑的就是如何解决它。 4．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。 We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 5．关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。 Our school is no longer the school (that) it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。 ————即学即练3———— 用适当的关系代词填空 ①The only thing that I could do is study for my goal. ②The first thing that you should do is call the police at once. ③This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. ④She would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. ⑤We will continue doing all that we can do to help you out. 使用关系词补全下面的语段 I went to an exhibition last month, where I admired a lot of wonderful paintings.Mary, 1.whose drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 2.who/that is often praised for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall where the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 3.that/which was hung on the wall in front of us.The horse 4.that/which was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse.The man 5.who/that was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 6.that I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.that I have ever heard of. 用适当的关系代词填空 1．（2025·浙江1月卷）It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. 2．（2025·浙江1月卷）Therefore, he was left in the care of Mrs.Hill, an old lady who lived next door. 3．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 4．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 5．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）After a heated discussion that/which lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. 6．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）My teacher who had always believed in me, was proud of my achievement. 7．（2023·全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box that/which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect. 8．（2022·全国乙卷）The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. [课后分层练14] （时间：40分钟　满分：77.5分） Ⅰ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The only thing that matters is that safety should be given the highest priority. 2．The one who won the national science competition will compete at the international level. 3．Mum is the only person whose advice he might listen to. 4．He felt faint again now but he held on to the great fish all the strain that he could gather. 5．I lift weights because it's the form of exercise that/which requires the least movement from me. 6．The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer. 7．Those who achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off. 8．This is the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. 9．The canal which/that played an important role in ancient China is now being widened. 10．The runner that/who/whom you are asking about is over there. Ⅱ.用限制性定语从句合并句子（每小题2分，共20分） 1．The movie is really exciting.We watched the movie last week. →The movie that we watched last week is really exciting. 2．The old woman is a famous artist.You talked with her just now. →The old woman who you talked with just now is a famous artist. 3．I came across an attractive car on the street.Its shape is smart. →I came across an attractive car on the street whose shape is smart. 4．The girl is from America.Her hair is brown. →The girl whose hair is brown is from America. 5．It will make you waste too much valuable time.The valuable time should be spent on your study. →It will make you waste too much valuable time which/that should be spent on your study. 6．Miss Green presented a prize to the student.His performance was the best in the competition. →Miss Green presented a prize to the student whose performance was the best in the competition. 7．He is reading a magazine.I am reading the same magazine. →I am reading the same magazine as him. 8．The woman is our geography teacher.You saw her in the park. →The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 9．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree.The tree was decorated very nicely. →She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely. 10．The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother.The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. →The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A （2025·重庆高一检测）An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters.It may cause great damage.So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. Fragile （易碎的） items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. There is a strong chance of short circuits （短路） and fire outbreaks during an earthquake.Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged.Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you.Never use the elevator to go down.Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.Use the staircases at all times. If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place.Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object. If trapped in debris （碎片）， cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you.Use a whistle if one is available.Never shout for help.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous dust.Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.Do not move about or kick up dust. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出地震是常见的自然灾害且危害大，学习安全技巧很有必要，因此介绍了室内、户外及被困废墟时应对地震的具体安全措施。 1．Which place is the best one to put your glass cup? A．On the upper part of the cupboard. B．On the ground away from your bed. C．On the sofa near your bed. D．On the desk near the sofa. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fragile （易碎的） items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.”可知，最好把玻璃杯放在远离床边的地上。故选B。 2．During the earthquake, people are advised to 　　　　． A．go out of the building at once B．drive to a safe place quickly C．take shelter under a tree D．turn off electricity and gas immediately 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震期间，人们应立即关闭电源和燃气。故选D。 3．What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris? A．Tap on a pipe or wall for help. B．Cover their mouths with handkerchiefs. C．Light a match for warmth. D．Use a whistle for help. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.（不要点燃火柴，因为你可能会烧伤自己）”可知，人被困在废墟中时，不应该点燃火柴取暖。故选C。 4．What's the passage mainly about? A．The damage caused by earthquakes. B．The rescue work after earthquakes. C．How to prevent earthquakes. D．What to do during earthquakes. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了发生地震时，室内、户外及被困废墟三种情况下的具体应对措施，即主要关于地震时该做什么。故选D。 B （2025·咸阳高一检测）A major storm moving through Northern California on Thursday dropped heavy snow and record rain, flooding some areas, after killing two people and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands in the Pacific Northwest. Forecasters warned the risk of flooding and rockslides would continue, and scores of flights were canceled at San Francisco's airport.In Washington, more than 204，000 people—mostly in the Seattle area—remained without power. The National Weather Service extended （延长） a flood watch into Saturday for areas north of San Francisco as the area was influenced by this season's strongest weather phenomenon （现象）—which forms over an ocean and flows through the sky over land.The system went ashore Tuesday as a “bomb cyclone （炸弹气旋），” which occurs when a cyclone builds up rapidly.It brought about strong winds that knocked trees onto roads, vehicles and homes, killing at least two people in Washington. Communities in Washington opened warming centers offering free Internet and device charging.Some medical clinics closed because of power outages. Santa Rosa saw 6.5 inches of rain in the last 24 hours, marking the wettest day on record since 1998.Worse still, the Sonoma County Airport, in the wine country north of San Francisco, got more than 11 inches within the last 48 hours and Venado had about 12.7 inches in the same period. In nearby Forestville, one person was hurt when a tree fell on a house.Small landslides were reported across the North Bay, including one on State Route 281 on Wednesday that caused a car crash.Daniela Alvarado said calls to her and her father's Sonoma County­based tree business have nearly doubled in recent days, with people asking for clearing trees.“We feel sad, scared, but also ready for action，” Alvarado said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一场大风暴袭击了美国加利福尼亚州北部，带来了大雪、创纪录的降雨，导致一些地区洪水泛滥，还造成了人员伤亡、停电等情况，以及后续的一些应对措施和相关影响。 5．What is the cause of the flood in the north of San Francisco? A．Strong winds. B．Water from the ocean. C．The local narrow rivers. D．The condition in its sky. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，旧金山北部地区受到本季节最强天气现象的影响，这种天气现象在海洋上空形成并通过陆地天空流动，从而导致洪水预警延长。所以旧金山北部洪水的原因是天空中的天气状况。故选D。 6．The author shows how heavy the rain was 　　　 in Paragraph 5. A．by analyzing the reason B．by imagining C．by listing numbers D．through descriptions from others 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者通过列举“6.5 inches”“more than 11 inches”“about 12.7 inches”等数字，展示了降雨量很大，也就是雨下得很大。故选C。 7．What did Alvarado mean? A．Their business doubled in size. B．Their business was prepared to offer help. C．The situation was too terrible to repair. D．People called to lend helpful hands. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿尔瓦拉多和她父亲的树木生意接到的电话几乎翻倍，人们请求清理树木，她说他们感到悲伤、害怕，但也准备好采取行动，这意味着他们的生意准备好提供帮助（清理树木）。故选B。 8．Where can we read the passage? A．In a sports magazine. B．In a newspaper. C．On a health website. D．In a storybook. 解析：选B。推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一场大风暴袭击了美国加利福尼亚州北部，带来了大雪、创纪录的降雨，导致一些地区洪水泛滥，还造成了人员伤亡、停电等情况，以及后续的一些应对措施和相关影响，这是一则关于自然灾害的新闻报道。由此可推知，我们在报纸上可以读到这篇文章。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·肇庆高一检测）Natural disasters can strike at any time, and schools are no exception.Here are some steps for students to take to survive when a natural disaster hits schools. 1(　　)．Every student should have a personal emergency kit that includes essential items such as a flashlight, batteries, a first­aid kit, water, and non­perishable food.Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared. Practice regular drills.Regular disaster drills are just as important as fire drills.They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations.Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs.2(　　)． Identify safe areas.Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver.3(　　).Examples include hallways, under desks, or designated shelter areas.These areas should be predetermined within the school and they can provide the best protection during different types of disasters. Understand the risk types.4(　　)．For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a threat in mountainous areas.Therefore, schools should teach students knowledge about the specific type of threat in their local area so that they can take appropriate action during a disaster. Take action in different situations.Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations.For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture.5(　　)．Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops. By following these steps, students can increase their chances of survival and minimize the impact. A．Offer immediate care B．Prepare an emergency kit C．Different areas may face different types of natural disasters D．In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds E．After a disaster, schools should check on all students and staff F．These drills will help students react quickly and minimize the risk G．When a disaster hits, students should head to the nearest safe area quickly [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助学生应对自然灾害的措施。 1．解析：选B。空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文的内容可知，本段主要是说每个学生都应该准备一个应急包。所以，B项“Prepare an emergency kit（准备一个应急包）”可以作为主题句，填入空格处。故选B。 2．解析：选F。空格前的句子是说学校应该进行定期的灾难演练。空格处的句子应该接着说这些演练的意义。所以，F项“These drills will help students react quickly and minimize the risk（这些训练将帮助学生快速反应并将风险降到最低）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F。 3．解析：选G。空格前的句子说明了确定安全区的意义，空格处的句子应该接着说当灾难发生时，学生应该怎样利用安全区。所以，G项“When a disaster hits, students should head to the nearest safe area quickly（当灾难发生时，学生应迅速前往最近的安全区域）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G。 4．解析：选C。根据空格后的例子可知，空格处的句子应该提到不同地区有不同的自然灾害。所以，C项“Different areas may face different types of natural disasters（不同的地区可能面临不同类型的自然灾害）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C。 5．解析：选D。根据该部分的主题句“Take action in different situations.（在不同的情况下采取行动。）”和空格前后的例子可知，空格处的句子也应该是涉及某种自然灾害和面对这种灾害时的正确做法。所以D项“In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds（万一发生洪水，学生们应该搬到地势较高的地方去）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·十堰高一检测）Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release （释放） of energy within the Earth's crust, causing it to shake.This 1　　　　　　 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth's surface, called plates, move.Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 2　　　　　　 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 3　　　　　　 can detect （检测） and measure these shakes.Knowing the patterns （模式） 4　　　　　　 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines （断层线）.These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 5　　　　　　 (happen).For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines.By 6　　　　　　 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important.7　　　　　　 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens.This 8　　　　　　 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better.Study earthquakes, and we can improve 9　　　　　 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 10　　　　　　 (power) events. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震的发生原因、科学家如何研究地震、断层线与地震的关系，以及教育和准备在应对地震时的重要性。 1．解析：usually。考查副词。修饰动词happens，需用副词usually作状语。故填usually。 2．解析：for。考查介词。prepare for为固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”。故填for。 3．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词special tools，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4．解析：and。考查连词。空处连接两个并列的名词“patterns”和“strength”。故填and。 5．解析：to happen。考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”。故填to happen。 6．解析：studying。考查非谓语动词。空处作介词by的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填studying。 7．解析：Schools。考查名词。空处和communities并列，需填名词复数形式schools，作主语。故填Schools。 8．解析：includes。考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词也用单数形式。故填includes。 9．解析：our。考查代词。此空需要填入一个形容词性物主代词，修饰名词ability。故填our。 10．解析：powerful。考查形容词。修饰名词events需用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 （联想：survival n．存活，幸存，生存　survivor n．幸存者） 【教材原句】　She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她在喂地震中幸存下来的婴儿。 【要点归纳】 survive sth 幸免于……；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from... 从……留存下来 survive sb by... 比某人多活…… survive on... 依靠……生存 【佳句必背】　The panda is one of the few mammals that have been surviving for millions of years on earth. 熊猫是为数不多的在地球上存活了数百万年的哺乳动物之一。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Since a healthy environment makes a huge difference to human's survival (survive), it's necessary for us to take action now. ②Too many people lost their lives and the survivors (survive) were also badly injured. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（读后续写之心理描写）我感到震惊、害怕、绝望和无助。我只希望我妈妈能在事故中活下来。 I was shocked, frightened, hopeless and helpless.What I just hoped was that my mom could survive the accident． power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；有影响力的大国 vt.提供动力，驱动（联想：powerful adj.强有力的） 【教材原句】　Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines. 去远离建筑物、树或电线的空旷区域。 【要点归纳】 have the power to do sth 有能力做某事 come to power 上台；执政（表示动作） be in power 执政；掌权（表示状态） beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 do everything in one's power to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 【佳句必背】　In the future, we'll do everything in our power to save those who need help by using what we have learned.在未来，我们将尽我们所能，用我们所学到的东西来拯救那些需要帮助的人。, 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I'm sure you have the power to build (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（读后续写之主旨升华）站在山顶上，我感受到了征服某种强大事物的自豪感，也体会到了大自然的力量。 Standing on the top of the mountain, I felt the sense of pride that comes from conquering something powerful, and I also realized the power of nature． calm adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 vt.& vi.（使）平静；（使）镇静 【教材原句】　During a natural disaster, the most important thing is to keep calm.自然灾害发生时，最重要的事情就是保持冷静。 【要点归纳】 (1)remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇静 (2)calm down 平静下来；镇静下来 calm sb/sth down 使……平静；使……镇静 【佳句必背】　We should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others, and only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.（应用文之演讲稿）我们应该保持冷静，努力自救，帮助他人，只有这样我们才能最终战胜自然灾害。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①You should look for a time to talk about the problems in your study calmly (calm) and patiently. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（读后续写之动作描写）望着莎莉夫人那双闪亮的蓝眼睛，我平静了下来，然后伴随着她那如一缕阳光般温暖的话语走上了舞台。 Looking into Mrs.Sally's shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with her warm words like a ray of sunshine. aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助 【教材原句】　Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami­hit countries. 目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。 【要点归纳】 (1)first aid 急救 come to one's aid 帮助某人 with the aid of sb/with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 (2)aid sb in doing sth/aid sb with sth/aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 【佳句必背】　I'm writing to invite you to a lecture on the first aid treatment for sports injuries.（应用文之邀请信）我写信是想邀请你参加一个关于运动损伤急救治疗的讲座。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①People from other parts of the country aided them with plenty of supplies. ②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother to clean (clean) the house. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③在我的英语老师的帮助下，这学期我取得了很大进步。 With the aid/help of my English teacher, I have made great progress this term. strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 【教材原句】　The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.周日上午7：00左右海底地震爆发在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域。 (1)be struck by... 被……打动 sth strikes sb 某事给某人留下深刻印象；某事触动某人；某人突然 想到某事 It strikes/hits sb＋that/how/wh­疑问词．.. 某人突然想起…… sth strikes sb on＋身体部位 某物打到某人身体的某个部位 (2) be/go on strike 举行罢工 (3) 【练透考点】　语境辨义 ①A terrible earthquake struck the northern part of Peru on 26 May 2019.vt.侵袭 ②A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.vt.突然想到 ③They were on strike for higher pays.n.罢工 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④（读后续写之主旨升华）莉莉关于舞蹈所说的话——为舞蹈而舞蹈，远离你所有的问题，远离现实，这让我印象深刻。 It struck me what Lily said about dance—dance for dance itself, to get away from all your problems, and to get away from reality. deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表（联想：delivery n．递送；交付） 【教材原句】　However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 【要点归纳】 deliver sth to sb 把某物递送给某人 deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说 【佳句必背】　The lecture is scheduled to be delivered on Friday afternoon from 3 pm to 5 pm in the school lecture hall. 讲座定于周五下午3点到5点在学校演讲厅举行。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The volunteers made every effort to deliver the medicines to the disaster area in time. ②The supermarket offers customers a free home delivery (deliver) service. 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③我很荣幸为大家作一个题目为“携手共进，共创未来”的演讲。 →It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech titled “Together for a Shared Future”．（it作形式主语） →I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech titled “Together for a Shared Future.”（it作形式宾语） effect n．影响；结果；效果 （联想：effective adj.产生预期结果的；有效的） 【要点归纳】 have an effect on/upon 　 对……产生影响 come into effect 生效 in effect 实际上 【佳句必背】　Although he had passed away, his spirit of insisting on achieving objectives has a profound effect on people.（话题写作之人物评价） 虽然他已经去世了，但他坚持实现目标的精神对人们有着深刻的影响。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Don't worry and I will share you some effective (effect) tips to deal with stress. ②I'd like to introduce the person who has the greatest effect on me, Miss Wang. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（应用文之演讲稿）我们都知道，我们未来的职业对我们的生活有很大的影响，这需要我们深思熟虑。 As we all know, our future career has a great effect on our life, which needs our deep consideration. be doing sth when...正在做某事，这时…… 【教材原句】　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时海水开始灌入屋内。 【要点归纳】 when在本句中用作并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”，常用句型还有： be about to do sth when... 正要做某事，这时…… be on the point of...when... 正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth when... 刚做过某事，这时…… 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①One night we were sleeping in the bedroom when I heard some strange noise. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（读后续写之动作描写）她正准备打开窗户吓跑那条狗，这时她突然停住了，站着一动也不动。 She was about to open the window to frighten the dog off when she stopped and stood quite still. ③我刚做完作业，这时灯全灭了。 I had just finished my homework when all the lights went out. make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句 【教材原句】　However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 【要点归纳】 (1)“make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句”中的it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或that从句。 (2)find、 feel、 think、 take等动词也有这样的用法。 【佳句必背】　My name is Li Hua.I am very glad and feel it my honor to run for the president of the English club.（应用文之演讲稿）我的名字叫李华。我很高兴能竞选英语俱乐部主席，我感到很荣幸。, 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I feel it a good opportunity to improve my ability to write in English. ②I think it important to remember (remember) as many useful sentence patterns as I can. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（读后续写之动作＋情绪描写）我因为追赶兔子在树林中迷了路。更糟糕的是，突降的大雨让我更难找到回家的路。无边的黑暗和恐惧使我大哭起来。 Running after a rabbit made me lost in the forest．What was worse，an unexpected rain made it more difficult for me to find my way home.Endless darkness and fear made me burst out crying． 概要写作 ◎ The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse　Monday, 27 December 2004 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6, 500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.In that area alone, at least 1, 870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some 1, 600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2, 498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1, 900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.In southern Thailand, 1, 900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami­hit countries.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. ◎ Para.1 1．在词汇上： 本段第二句中用sweep away要比使用wash 更恰当、更形象地表达出海啸造成破坏的严重程度。 2．在句式上： 本段第一句中使用了that引导的定语从句(that crashed into coastlines...)和动词­ing短语作状语(killing more than 6，500 people...)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作后置定语(caused by the strong earthquake)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude of 9.0)，这些高级表达句式的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 Paras.2 & 3 1．在词汇上： 第三段第一句中用Thousands of表达了海啸对人类造成的巨大伤害，导致成千上万人失踪。 2．在句式上： 第二、三段使用了被动语态；be doing...when...，make＋it＋形容词＋to do sth 等高级句式。 ◎ 本文共分为三段，段落结构清晰，前两段分别详细讲述了两起灾情的具体情况；第三段介绍了救援的相关细节。 ◎ 每日新闻 海啸袭击亚洲：6 500余人丧生 罗伯特·伍德豪斯　星期一　2004年12月27日 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1 870人死亡。 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。” 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 ◎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 It's a really good idea to visit colleges before applying because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms，classrooms and athletic equipment and，of course，the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses，and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact，a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus，and obviously，if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，go check it out! If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses，things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit. Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at College Week Live.It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers，students，and college counselors（顾问），and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com.While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend. Step 1　确定体裁，明确主题及结构 体裁 议论文 主题 探访大学 结构 第一段：提出话题 第二段：论证1 第三段：论证2 第四段：论证3 Step 2　确定主题句，找关键信息 Para.1 ①主题句：It's a really good idea to visit colleges before applying because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. ②关键信息：a really good idea to visit colleges before applying Para.2 ①主题句：There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. ②关键信息：visit the schools in your local area Para.3 ①主题句：If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. ②关键信息：at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend Para.4 ①主题句：Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at College Week Live. ②关键信息：check out the online college fairs Step 3　改写关键信息，得出要点 Para.1 1．写出下列词语的同义表达 ①good idea→worthwhile ②visit→pay a visit to 2．改写关键信息 It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying. Para.2 3．将后置定语改为前置定语 the schools in your local area→your local colleges 4．改写关键信息 Undoubtedly，you should visit your local colleges. Para.3 5．写出下列词语的同义表达 ①at the very least→at least ②would like to attend→want to go to 6．改写关键信息 At least，you should visit the school you want to go to. Para.4 7．同义句转换 ①if time and money are making it impossible →if you are short of time and money ②check out the online college fairs →visit the online college fairs 8．改写关键信息 If you are short of time and money，visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand schools. Step 4　添加连接词，使行文连贯 It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.（要点1）Undoubtedly，you should visit your local colleges.（要点2）At least，you should visit the school you want to go to and know its real conditions in advance.（要点3）If you are short of time and money，visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand schools.（要点4） [课后分层练15] （时间：40分钟　满分：78.5分） Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共8分） 1．They'll buy more from his company, because they trust his company to deliver （递送） what they need. 2．A moderate earthquake struck （侵袭） the northeastern United States early on Saturday, damaging a lot of buildings. 3．After the lecture, we were asked to write a(n) summary （概要） by our class teacher. 4．His mother stood there, waving （挥手） goodbye to him. 5．Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash （碰撞）. 6．But one day, a hurricane （飓风） hit the area where he lived, completely destroying his home. 7．Ring the bell in an emergency （紧急情况） while you are alone in that building. 8．This region which had been relatively calm erupted （爆发） in violence again this spring. Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共8分） 1．His quick thinking and courage ensured his survival (survive) in the face of danger. 2．I didn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid. 3．As you can see, beliefs are very powerful (power) because they determine what experiences you will have in life. 4．Zhang Guimei is regarded as a moral model who uses love and wisdom to help thousands of girl students. 5．Lily had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise the piano. 6．Keeping a diary in English is one of the most effective (effect)ways to improve our English writing ability. 7．Doing push­ups every day makes it easy for me to keep (keep) slim. 8．A terrible tornado hit the area，making (make) everything in ruins. Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．深呼吸可以帮助你冷静下来，清晰地思考。 Taking a deep breath can help you calm down and think clearly. 2．我永远不会忘记我和工人们一起住在小县城的那些年，他们对我今天的生活有很大的影响。 I'll never forget those years when I lived in the small county with the workers, who have a great effect on my life today. 3．我突然意识到，只有齐心协力、不懈努力，我们才能渡过难关。 It struck me that only with joint and tireless efforts, can we get through the difficulties. 4．所有的家庭成员通常露天赏月，吃美味的月饼。 All the family members usually enjoy the moon in the open air and eat tasty mooncakes. 5．据说这是为了扫除过去一年的污垢，为新的一年做准备。 It is said that this is to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year. Ⅳ.课文语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） On 27 December 2004, a tsunami caused by the 1most powerful (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed 2into coastlines across Asia, 3causing (cause) more than 6，500 deaths.The undersea quake 4struck (strike) off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, killing at least 1，870 people in that area.In Sri Lanka, about 2，498 people were killed and one million more 5were affected (affect) by the tsunami.As many as 1，900 people died along the southern coast in India.Another 254 were found 6dead (die) and many more were hurt 7or missing in Thailand.Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths is expected 8to grow (grow).The damage caused by the tsunami will make 9it difficult to deliver food and supplies to 10survivors (survive). Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分） （2025·茂名高一检测）Everybody hates rats.But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man's new best friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people.But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces.So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat. How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people.When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal （信号）.This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive.The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better.Christian Linster at Cornell university, New York, says，“Robots, noses don't work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark.They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity! The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic.A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course). [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了老鼠未来能在地震中所扮演的角色。 1．Why will rats become popular in the world earthquake capitals? A．They can get into small spaces. B．They can take the place of man's rescue jobs. C．They can find food for survivors trapped in buildings. D．They can get the place of survivors trapped in buildings. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people.But dogs are big...So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.”并联系第三段老鼠帮助救人的工作原理可知，在世界地震之都，老鼠将变得受欢迎，因为它们可以找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故选D。 2．How can rescuers judge a person who is alive? A．By the noise made by the rat. B．By the rat's unusual behaviour. C．By the signal sent by the radio on the rat. D．By the smell given off by the person trapped. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，救援人员可以通过老鼠身上的无线电信号来判断一个人是否还活着。故选C。 3．What do we know from the text? A．People are happy to see a rat in a building. B．The “rat project” has been completed already. C．People still use dogs and robots in rescue work. D．Rats have replaced dogs in searching for people. 解析：选C。推理判断题。 根据文章第二段“What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.”和文章倒数第二段“Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better.”可推知，人们在救援工作中仍然使用狗和机器人。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Rules in the Earthquake B．The Role Rats Will Play in the Earthquake C．Ways of Rescuing People D．The Reason for Not Using Dogs 解析：选B。标题归纳题。这篇文章阐述的是关于老鼠未来能在地震中所扮演的角色。B项“老鼠在地震中扮演的角色”为最佳标题，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·太原高一检测）Climate change refers to long­term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.1(　　) But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods.2(　　) How does climate change make you feel? The news of melting glaciers and oil spills may seem overwhelming and can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or upset.This is called climate anxiety.3(　　) If you feel worried about what's happening to the world, it's good for you.It's normal to be upset when things you care about are getting hurt. 4(　　) There are lots of things you can do to help society take better care of the world.Turn your fear into power by doing something.Breaking the problem into bite­sized chunks is a good way to start.Think of something you feel passionate about, such as protecting ocean life or saving forests, and join a community group or charity that supports that cause. Positive action can inspire others too.Sisters Kim and Stella King from the charity Fights Against Plastic have picked up 90, 000 pieces of plastic.They ask schools, businesses and organizations to follow their lead.Remember, it's important to get support from people around.5(　　) A．Why is there climate anxiety? B．And it is a normal, healthy response. C．This risks the lives of humans, animals and plants. D．Melting glaciers contribute a third of sea­level rise. E．No one can fix climate change on their own but we can all play a part. F．These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle. G．So, tell friends and family what you're up to and encourage them to join in. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了气候变化可能带来极端危害，但是每个人可以行动起来更好地照顾这个世界。 1．解析：选F。根据下文可知此处说的是气候变化原本是自然活动。所以F项“这些变化可能是自然的，例如通过太阳活动周期的变化”承接下文。符合语境。故选F。 2．解析：选C。根据上文“Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods.（气候变化可能导致野火和洪水等极端事件）”可知此处说的是极端天气事件的危害。C项“这危及人类、动物和植物的生命。”符合语境。故选 C。 3．解析：选B。根据下文可知此处说的是对关心的事情感到担忧是健康正常的反应。所以B项“这是一种正常、健康的反应。”符合语境。故选B。 4．解析：选E。根据下文可知此处说的是对于气候变化我们应采取的行动。所以E项“没有人能够独自解决气候变化问题，但我们都可以发挥作用。”符合语境。故选E。 5．解析：选G。根据本段主旨句“Positive action can inspire others too.（积极的行动也能激励他人）” 可知此处说的是激励他人加入。所以G项“所以，告诉朋友和家人你在做什么，鼓励他们加入。”符合语境。故选G。 Ⅲ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2024·福建三明五校联考高一上期中）My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 　1　， but I always knew he was 　2　．He never criticized us, but used praise to bring out our best.I remember as a child I said something 　3　 about somebody, and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best 　4　 people, I would get the best 　5　．From then on, I've always tried to 　6　 the principle in my life and later in running my company. Dad's also always been very 　7　．At 15, I started a magazine.It was 　8　 a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 　9　： stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to change my idea, 　10　 any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 　11　 me to go into law.And I've 　12　 regretted it.I wanted to be a biologist, 　13　 I didn't pursue （追随） my dream.You know what you want.Go fulfill it.” As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 　14　 for young people in the U．K.My wife and I have two children, and I'd like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 　15　 me. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我的父亲非常理解我，总是通过赞扬的方式来鼓舞我，同时也一直很支持我的选择，结果证明我父亲做得非常正确，我也做了我想做的事情，获得了自己的成就。 1． A．biologist B．manager C．lawyer D．gardener 解析：选C。根据下文作者父亲的话“my dad　11　me to go into law”以及“I wanted to be a biologist...I didn't pursue （追随） my dream”可推知，作者的爷爷劝作者的父亲从事法律，因此作者的父亲没有追随成为生物学家的梦想，所以作者的父亲是一个律师。 2． A．strict B．honest C．special D．learned 解析：选C。根据下文“He never criticized us, but used praise to bring out our best.”可知，作者的父亲很特别。 3． A．unkind B．unnecessary C．unimportant D．unusual 解析：选A。句意：记得小时候我说了一些对别人不好的话，我父亲就说：“任何时候你说一些对别人不友善的话，那都是对你自己的反映。” 根据后文unpleasant可知，此处是指说了一些对别人不好的话。 4． A．on B．in C．at D．about 解析：选B。句意：他解释说，如果我在别人身上寻找到最好的东西，我就会得到最好的回报。 结合句意，此处为固定表达the best in sb“某人的优点”。 5． A．in case B．in return C．in all D．in short 解析：选B。根据上文“Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you”推知，如果发现别人的优点，那么就会得到最好的回报。 6． A．revise B．set C．review D．follow 解析：选D。句意：从那时起，在我的生活中以及后来在我经营公司的过程中，我一直努力遵循这个原则。 对于父亲的教诲，作者在自己的生活中和公司的经营中，一直在遵守这个原则。 7． A．understanding B．experienced C．serious D．helpful 解析：选A。根据“I decided to leave, and Dad tried to change my idea”可知，父亲善解人意。 8． A．taking up B．making up C．picking up D．looking up 解析：选A。句意：它占用了我大量的时间，学校的校长给了我一个选择：留在学校或离开去写我的杂志。 根据a great deal of my time可知，创办杂志占据了作者大量的时间。 9． A．suggestion B．decision C．notice D．choice 解析：选D。根据“stay in school or leave to work on my magazine”可知，这是一种选择。 10．A．and B．as C．even if D．as if 解析：选B。句意：我决定离开，父亲像任何一个好父亲一样，试图劝说我改变主意。 本句为as引导的方式状语从句，即作者的父亲像所有其他父亲一样劝作者改变主意。 11．A．helped B．allowed C．persuaded D．suggested 解析：选C。句意：Richard，在我23岁的时候，我的父亲说服我从事法律行业。 根据“I wanted to be a biologist”推知，作者的爷爷劝说作者的父亲从事法律行业。 12．A．always B．never C．seldom D．almost 解析：选A。根据后文“I wanted to be a biologist, 　13　 I didn't pursue （追随） my dream.”可知，父亲一直都很后悔自己的选择。 13．A．rather B．for C．but D．therefore 解析：选C。句意：我想成为一名生物学家，但我没有追求我的梦想。 分析句意可知，前后表示转折关系。 14．A．newspaper B．magazine C．program D．project 解析：选B。句意：结果，我的小刊物后来变成了《学生》杂志，一本面向英国年轻人的全国性杂志。 根据上文“leave to work on my magazine”可知，这是一本面向英国年轻人的全国性杂志。 15．A．controlled B．comforted C．reminded D．raised 解析：选D。句意：我和妻子有两个孩子，我认为我们是用爸爸养育我的方式抚养他们的。 根据bringing them up可知，作者认为他们是用爸爸养育作者的方式抚养他们的。 主题：自然灾害 情感 描写 ①shock 　 n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休 克 vt.（使）震惊 ②in shock　震惊；吃惊 ③calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平 静；使镇静 动作 描写 ①slide 　　 vi.& vt.（使）滑行；滑动 ②crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 ③flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ④rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 ⑤trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 ⑥strike vi.& vt.侵袭；袭击 ⑦sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 ⑧aid 　 vi.& vt.帮助；援助 n．援助；帮助；救援物资 ⑨wave vi.& vt.挥手；招手 ⑩damage vt.损害；破坏 ⑪suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 ⑫survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 ⑬bury vt.埋葬；安葬 ⑭supply vt.供应；供给 [语段情景用]　作者暑假来到农村的奶奶家里，令人意想不到的是，当地发生了大洪水……（尽可能使用方框里归纳的教材词汇） I was trapped in my grandma's house as water kept rising.The flood damaged many houses and crops.Some people were buried in the mud, and the whole town was in shock.I tried to calm myself down.I knew panic wouldn't help.I waited patiently, hoping for rescue.After hours, the rescuers arrived and supplied me with food and water.Finally, I survived the disaster.It was a terrifying experience, but my calmness saved my life. 单元强化练 [UNIT 4] （时间：45分钟　满分：82.5分） 【基础知识强化练】 Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcanic erupted （爆发）. 2．He buried （埋头） himself in reading the novel so he didn't notice Director Wang come in. 3．After reading the passage, you'd better make a summary （总结）. 4．Plastic parts can take the place of metal （金属） ones in many machines, but they don't last long. 5．The frequent natural disasters （灾难） have brought people in the area more than ＄4 million worth of damage. 6．A small plane crashed （碰撞） into a mountain five miles east of the city, killing all the people on board. 7．It was Tom who helped me deliver （递送） the books to my uncle yesterday afternoon. 8．At the railway station, the mother waved （挥手） goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight. 9．The dustman swept （打扫） up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday. 10．As we can see, in the past few years, many roads and streets have been rebuilt （重建）. Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The government will take some effective (effect) measures to deal with it. 2．Till the year 1957，the Golden Gate Bridge，at a length (long) of 2，737 meters，was the longest suspension bridge in the world. 3．We all know that playing with the smartphone for a long time has a bad effect on/upon our eyesight. 4．“Brain rot” that/which gets the most votes has been announced as the Word of 2024. 5．The hikers were trapped (trap) on the mountain peak by the unexpected blizzard. 6．A real friend is someone whose support we can count on whenever we are in need. 7．Burying (bury) herself in painting, the little girl was fully immersed in the wonderful world of colors. 8．Wherever you live, it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some emergencies (emergency). 9．A successful man should have courage, determination and wisdom (wise). 10．All of us were shocked (shock) at the news about the accident. Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．随着时间的流逝，这座曾经非常美丽的城堡现在已经完全变成了废墟。 With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins． 2．当我告诉她呼吸空气会变得很困难，天气会很冷时，她说那会是一次有趣的经历。 When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 3．他每天不遗余力地练习说英语。 He spares no effort to practice speaking English every day. 4．因此，他们可能会变得近视，或者他们会发现难以集中精力在功课上。（it作形式宾语） As a result, they may become short­sighted or they will find it difficult to concentrate on their schoolwork. 5．我们正在爬山，这时突然开始下雨了。 We were climbing the mountain when it began to rain. 【综合能力提升练】 Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分） （2025·兰州高一检测）Being able to know an earthquake before it happens is the final goal for seismologists （地震学家） around the world.Now, thanks to cellphone technology, that goal has become a reality.The United States Geological Survey has created an earthquake early warning system, ShakeAlert, a phone app that can tell its users an incoming earthquake. The app gets its data from two places.The first is more than 700 machines that detect （检测） the shaking in the earth located throughout the United States.The second is user information from phones.All phones have devices which detect when a phone is being moved.When all the data from all the phone users in a given area is gathered, the app can find out when an earthquake is about to happen, and send out warning via radio waves.Radio waves are quicker than seismic waves. Though the early warning system is very useful, it is not a complete solution.As National Geographic reports, the warning for most people will come only a few seconds before the quake hits, and people close to the origin of the quake will get almost no warning at all.Forecasting （预测） earthquakes is still a very young field.“Like weather forecasting 100 years ago，” said Zhe Jia, a geophysicist, “there is still a long way to go before we can forecast earthquakes as well as we can forecast weather today.” Still, having these systems in place is a step forward.Having even a few seconds' warning to take shelter in the event of an earthquake can mean the difference between injury and health, life and death. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个地震预警系统ShakeAlert，它是一个可以提醒用户即将发生地震的手机应用程序。 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the app? A．Its main benefits. B．Its working process. C．Its user guide. D．Its user information. 解析：选B。主旨大意题。第二段提到，当收集到特定地区所有手机用户的所有数据后，该应用程序可以发现地震即将发生的时间，并通过无线电波发出警报。无线电波比地震波快。由此可知，本段主要介绍了这个应用程序的工作过程。故选B。 2．What is Zhe Jia's opinion about forecasting earthquakes? A．It has a long way to go. B．It is achievable very soon. C．It has taken a big step. D．It is as good as weather forecasting. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中“there is still a long way to go before we can forecast earthquakes as well as we can forecast weather today”可知，地球物理学家Zhe Jia认为预测地震还有很长的路要走。故选A。 3．What is the author's attitude to the early warning system? A．Concerned. B．Curious. C．Disappointed. D．Supportive. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, having these systems in place is a step forward.Having even a few seconds' warning to take shelter in the event of an earthquake can mean the difference between injury and health, life and death.”可知，作者对于这个早期地震预警系统持支持态度。故选D。 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The harm of earthquakes. B．An earthquake warning system. C．The goal of seismologists. D．Tips on preventing earthquakes. 解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一个地震预警系统ShakeAlert，一个可以提醒用户即将发生地震的手机应用程序，让监测地震成为现实。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·辽阳高一检测） What to do when your home is flooded The biggest threat （威胁） in a hurricane （飓风） is not the wind, but the water.Flooding from heavy rain can happen just at any time, anywhere, as climate change makes violent downpours more common. As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins.1(　　), and how to start picking up the pieces when the water is gone. Turn off the electricity and gas.The Federal Emergency Management Agency says the first thing you should do is check for things like damaged power, gas lines and cracks in the foundation to make sure it's safe to go inside.If it is, and there's no standing water in the house, turn off the electricity.2(　　).And put distance between you and the house. Do not go in the floodwater.3(　　)．It may get you an electric shock, and there are often ruins, sewage and poisonous chemicals in it.So, if you can wait for the water to fall back or for help to come, that's your best bet, says Jennifer Horney, a professor at the University of Delaware who studies the public­health impacts of disasters. 4(　　)．Use your cellphone to take a ton of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house.You're documenting the damage and trying to show how high the water got.That's important for making an insurance claim or applying for federal assistance. From this article, you can have a good understanding of how to deal with a flooded home.5(　　)． A．Take photos B．Floodwater is dangerous C．Remember to buy insurance D.Floodwater is undrinkable without heat treatment E．Here's what you need to know to prepare for floodwater F．Also, there is much knowledge about how to prevent flooding in the future G．If you smell natural gas, or hear an airflow sound, contact the fire department immediately [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了家中遭遇洪水时应采取的行动。 1．解析：选E。由上文“As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins.”可知，接下来应介绍关于洪水的准备和康复过程，E项（这是你需要知道的关于准备应对洪水的事情）切题，且引出了下文“and how to start picking up the pieces when the water is gone（以及如何在水没了的时候开始收拾残局。）”，E项的“prepare for floodwater”包含了下文的“start picking up the pieces when the water is gone”，且E项提供了接下来段落的主题，即在面对洪水时需要了解的事项。故选E。 2．解析：选G。上文提到进入房子前的安全检查和必须采取的安全措施。G项（如果你闻到天然气味，或听到气流声，立即联系消防部门）与上文一致，它指出了在检查房屋安全时，遇到特定危险情况时的具体行动建议。故选G。 3．解析：选B。上文“Do not go in the floodwater.（不要进入洪水中。）”警告读者不要进入洪水中。B项（洪水很危险）承接上文，直接指出了“不要进入洪水中”的原因是洪水很危险。故选B。 4．解析：选A。根据下文“Use your cellphone to take a ton of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house.”可以看出，这里讲述的是用手机拍照记录损失以申请赔偿。A项（拍照）符合语境，引出下文“拍照”这一行为。故选A。 5．解析：选F。本文旨在介绍如何应对家庭洪水。F项（此外，还有很多关于如何防止未来洪水发生的知识）指出除了处理洪水外，还可以了解如何预防洪水。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2025·广州高一检测）The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.I had no choice but to walk home as all the 　1　 had stopped as a result of the quake.On my way home I 　2　 an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread, which made my heart 　3　．A man was holding a sign saying, “Please use our 　4　．” He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet. Then the next day I drove to have my car 　5　．There was not enough 　6　 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　7　 lines.I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars.Finally, when my 　8　 came, the man smiled and said, “Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.Is that all right？” “Of course.It's nice that we are all able to 　9　，” I said.His smile gave me so much comfort. At the shelter center I saw a man 　10　 when people brought food to him.It was the first time in three days that food had been　11　 there.However, after he dried the tears, his next 　12　 surprised me.“I am very 　13　 that we are provided with food.But people in the city next to us haven't 　14　 any food at all.Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 　15　． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了地震后，作者在城市遇到的暖心的人和事。 1． A．lift B．business C．help D．traffic 解析：选D。根据上文“The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.”以及“I had no choice but to walk home”可知，地震发生后，城市成了废墟，所有交通都停止了。故选D。 2． A．saw B．missed C．rescued D．caught 解析：选A。根据下文“an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread”可知，此处表示作者在回家途中看到了老太太的善行。故选A。 3． A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty 解析：选C。根据上文“On my way home I 　　　 an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread”可知，老太太在面包店分发免费面包这样的行为让作者感到很温暖。故选C。 4． A．bedroom B．bathroom C．living room D．kitchen 解析：选B。根据下文“He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet.”可知，此处表示人们可以去这个男人的家上厕所，推测牌子上写的是请使用卫生间。故选B。 5． A．cleaned up B．washed away C．filled up D．swept away 解析：选C。根据下文“There was not enough 　　　 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　　　 lines.”可知，此处表示作者去开车加油。故选C。 6． A．gas B．information C．food D．water 解析：选A。根据下文“and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　　　 lines”以及“Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.”可知，许多加油站已经关闭了，推测此处表示现在没有足够的汽油。故选A。 7． A．direct B．fine C．long D．short 解析：选C。根据下文“I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars.”可推知，此处表示加油站排起了长队。故选C。 8． A．time B．turn C．order D．decision 解析：选B。根据下文“...the man smiled and said, ‘Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.Is that all right？’”以及语境可知，此时作者在排队加油，当轮到作者时，工作人员与他交谈。故选B。 9． A．share B．offer C．learn D．choose 解析：选A。根据上文“Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.”以及“Of course.It's nice that we are all able to”可知，作者同意了工作人员只加30美元汽油的做法，由此可知，此处表示当汽油有限时，人们在分享有限的资源。故选A。 10．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing 解析：选A。根据下文“However, after he dried the tears”可知，此处表示这个男子哭了。故选A。 11．A．brought B．stored C．left D．kept 解析：选A。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man 　　　 when people brought food to him.”可知，此处表示食物被带到避难中心。故选A。 12．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises 解析：选C。根据下文“I am very 　　　 that we are provided with food.But people in the city next to us haven't 　　　 any food at all.Please go to that center as well.”可知，此处表示这个男子接下来说的话让作者感到惊讶。故选C。 13．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud 解析：选B。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man 　　　 when people brought food to him.”以及语境可知，得到食物后，这名男子哭了，他感到非常感激。故选B。 14．A．cooked B．wasted C．prepared D．received 解析：选D。根据下文“Please go to that center as well.”可推知，此处表示隔壁城市的人们还没有得到食物援助。故选D。 15．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．center 解析：选C。根据文章讲述的几个暖心的事迹以及语境可知，此处表示在这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·深圳高一检测）When you think of winter storms, you likely think of 1　　　　　　 (wake) up in the morning to inches, even feet of snow! While snowstorms may be the more recognizable type of winter storm, there's another type that can cause as much, or even more damage: ice storms. An ice storm is the result of 2　　　　　 long­term cold rain event.While ice doesn't fall from the sky, an ice storm is characterized by cold rain that results 3　　　　　　 thick ice.Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing. Ice storms can cause 4　　　　　　　 (safe) issues.They can affect road conditions, making travel dangerous, and can damage your home.Thick ice 5　　　　　　 (increase) the weight of branches and power lines, increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home.If they fall onto your houses, probably your roofs or nearby cars 6　　　　　　 (destroy). Worse still, it's difficult to know when 7　　　　　　 (power) ice storms come.And it is possible for freezing rain to fall in one location, rain in another and snow in a third.Ice storms can appear in the area 8　　　　　 hardly ever experiences winter weather.So you must know how 9　　　　　 (protect) your home from ice storms 10　　　　　 (effective). [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冰暴的成因、特征、可能带来的问题以及预防措施。 1．解析：waking。考查动名词。由空前of为介词以及提示词为动词可知，此处为动名词形式。故填waking。 2．解析：a。考查冠词。event是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一次长期的冷雨事件”，long­term以辅音音素开头，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 3．解析：in。考查固定短语。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语results in“导致”，满足句意要求。故填in。 4．解析：safety。考查名词。此处作定语修饰issues，要用safe的名词形式safety，safety issues“安全问题”，满足句意要求。故填safety。 5．解析：increases。考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语Thick ice是不可数名词，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。 6．解析：will be destroyed。考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，该句为If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，且“roofs or nearby cars”与destroy是被动关系，所以为一般将来时的被动语态结构。故填will be destroyed。 7．解析：powerful。考查形容词。此处修饰名词ice storms，要用power的形容词形式powerful，“强大的”。故填powerful。 8．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the area，在定语从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 9．解析：to protect。考查“疑问词＋不定式”结构。分析句子可知，此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，此处用how to protect“如何保护”，作know宾语。故填to protect。 10．解析：effectively。考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词protect，要用effective的副词形式effectively，“有效地”。故填effectively。 单元过关检测卷（五） [UNIT 4] （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2025·重庆高一检测）Natural disaster movies feature some of the worst events that nature has to offer.A lot of these films have fallen flat on their face, because a lot of times their sole purpose is to showcase pretty special effects and not much else. Don't Look Up (2021) Disaster: Asteroid （小行星） impact Normally, when disaster movies are made they tend to focus more on the action side of things or on the tragedy （悲剧） of many lives being lost.Don't look Up this movie is a comedy at heart, and turns a serious, potentially bad situation into something truly funny. Only the Brave (2017) Disaster: Wildfire This one is specifically about a team of 20 firefighters who risked their own lives to fight the very real 2013 Yarnell Hill Wildfire.19 of these 20 did not come home.This movie shows how firefighters are somewhat underappreciated members of society that deserve more credit, especially with the danger they face. Deep Impact (1998) Disaster: Asteroid impact It is a movie that didn't get very good reviews when it first came out, but it is a lot easier to appreciate now.There aren't a lot of asteroid disaster movies out there that have as many enjoyable moments as this one does.Plus, it has Morgan Freeman in it, who is always a welcome addition. The Impossible (2012) Disaster: Tsunami （海啸） The Impossible is based on a Spanish family experience surviving the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which reportedly claimed over 250，000 lives in 14 different countries.That's right: this movie is based on true events. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部以自然灾难为主题的电影。 1．What is special about Don't look Up? A．It tells terrible scenes. B．It shows survival methods. C．Morgan Freeman is in it. D．Its plot is full of humor. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Don't Look Up部分的“Don't look Up this movie is a comedy at heart, and turns a serious, potentially bad situation into something truly funny.”可知，电影《不要抬头》的特别之处在于它的情节充满了幽默。故选D。 2．What moves us most in Only the Brave? A．People's quick reaction to the fire. B．Firefighters' spirit of devotion. C．People's gratitude to firefighters. D．The enjoyable moments. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Only the Brave部分的“This one is specifically about a team of 20 firefighters who risked their own lives to fight the very real 2013 Yarnell Hill Wildfire.19 of these 20 did not come home.”可知，电影《勇往直前》呈现了消防员救火的奉献精神，这最能打动我们。故选B。 3．Which movie describes the terrible scene in the ocean? A．Don't Look Up. B．Only the Brave. C．The Impossible. D．Deep Impact. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据The Impossible部分的“The Impossible is based on a Spanish family experience surviving the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which reportedly claimed over 250，000 lives in 14 different countries.”可知，电影《海啸奇迹》描述了海洋中可怕的场景。故选C。 B （2025·濮阳高一检测）Friday night tornadoes hit the Midwest of Nebraska, causing a building to fall down with dozens of people inside and destroying and damaging hundreds of homes. By Saturday morning, the sounds of chain saws filled the air in the Elkhorn neighborhood of Omaha, a city of 485，000 people.Broken furniture from the damaged homes lay in piles.Fences （篱笆） were knocked over and trees were blown down to the ground. “We could hear it coming through，” said Pat Woods, who lives in Elkhorn.“When we came up, our fence was gone and we looked to the northwest and the whole neighborhood's gone.” Omaha Police Lt.Neal Bonacci said that the Fire Department had completed its search of damaged homes and structures on Saturday.He described the injuries as slight.“You definitely see the path of the tornado，” he said. “People had warnings of this and that saved lives，” Omaha Police Chief Todd Schmaderer said.The tornado warning was issued in the Omaha area on Friday afternoon just as children were due to be released from school.Many schools had students shelter in place until the storm passed. People are not encouraged to go to the damaged areas just for entertainment, as it will cause traffic jams and may slow emergency vehicles.Meanwhile, Nebraska Gov.Jim Pillen posted on X that he had ordered state resources to be made available to help.“Nebraskans are no strangers to pretty bad weather, and, as they have many times before, Nebraskans will help Nebraskans to rebuild，” Pillen said.The storm caused 78 potential （潜在的） tornadoes.The National Weather Service had not yet confirmed their strength.But the Omaha office said that some of the damage seem to have been caused by a strong tornado with peak winds of 150 mph. One of the tornadoes hit an industrial building to the west of Omaha, in Nebraska's Lancaster County, causing it to fall down with 70 people inside.Several were trapped, but everyone was evacuated and the three injuries were not life­threatening, authorities said. [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。文章报道了发生在美国内布拉斯加州中西部的一场龙卷风灾害。 4．Which word can best describe the Friday night's tornado? A．Rare. B．Deadly. C．Destructive. D．Unpredicted. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Friday night tornadoes hit the Midwest of Nebraska, causing a building to fall down with dozens of people inside and destroying and damaging hundreds of homes.”可知，龙卷风导致一座建筑物倒塌，数百所房屋被摧毁和损坏，所以是破坏性的。故选C。 5．Why did police say that the injuries were slight? A．Few people lived in this area. B．People were warned in advance. C．The police rescue was very timely. D．People were familiar with tornados. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段“‘People had warnings of this and that saved lives，’ Omaha Police Chief Todd Schmaderer said.（奥马哈警察局局长托德·施马德勒说：‘人们收到了警报，$