UNIT 5 Section III Discovering Useful Structures—Restrictive relative clauses (2)-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

One language sets you in a corridor for life . Two languages open every door along the way. —Frank Smith 一门语言能带进你进入人生旅途，两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中所有的大门。 ——弗兰克·史密斯 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 主题语境：人与自我——语言学习 UNIT 5 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 17 Section III Discovering Useful Structures— Restrictive relative clauses (2) (where， when, why, prep＋which/whom) 分析下列课文原句 1．China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 2．There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 3．It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 4．Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 5．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 6．Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 7．People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 4 5 3 6 【我的感悟】 由关系代词引导的定语从句 句 、句 由关系副词引导的定语从句 句 、句 、句 由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 句 、句 1 7 2 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词的指代及其功能如下： 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 where 表示地点或抽 象地点的名词 作地点状语 why reason 作原因状语 1.when引导的定语从句 when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词(in/at/on/during...)＋which”结构。 ①The Mid­Autumn Festival is a time when (＝at which) each family has its members gathered together. 中秋佳节是每一个家庭团圆的时候。 ②One important setback that I met was during my first year at university when (＝in which) I failed a major exam. 我遇到的一个重要挫折是在我大学的第一年，当时我没有通过一次专业考试。 2．where引导的定语从句 where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词(in/at/on...)＋which”。 ①The experts went into the hall where (＝in which) the meeting was being held. 专家们走进正在举行会议的大厅。 ②I'd like to live in the house where (＝in which) there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。 【点拨】　where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点或抽象地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。 ①He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.（定语从句） 他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，飞机很可能会失控。 ②When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.（状语从句） 读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。 3．why引导的定语从句 why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。 ①Do you know the reason why (＝for which) he didn't attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？ ②Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why (＝for which) they're not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。 【点拨】　关系代词和关系副词的选择 关系代词和关系副词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词。 ①I'll never forget the days, that/which I spent with you on the farm.（关系代词作spent的宾语） 我永远不会忘记和你在农场度过的那些日子。 ②I'll never forget the days, when I worked with you on the farm.（关系副词作时间状语，when＝on which） 我永远不会忘记和你在农场工作的日子。 ③We'll visit the factory which/that makes toys for children.（关系代词作主语） 我们将参观为儿童制作玩具的工厂。 ④The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.（关系副词作地点状语） 我曾经工作过的工厂变化很大。 ⑤This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.（关系代词作宾语） 这就是老师给我们的做这件事的理由。 ⑥That was the reason why the lights suddenly went out before the rain.（关系副词作原因状语） 那就是下雨前灯突然熄灭的原因。 when ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①The reasons I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows. ②After living in Australia for 55 years, he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. ③Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little. ④We are living in an information age the Internet is playing a major part in our life. why where when 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。选用介词的依据： 1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯（即固定短语）。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.（be famous for“因……而出名”） 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。 2．根据先行词的搭配习惯（约定俗成，不一定是短语）。 ①This is the camera with which he often takes photos.（with camera“用照相机”） 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 ②He is a famous leader, under whose wise leadership, many dreams of the Chinese have come true. 他是一位著名的领导人，在他的英明领导下，中国人的许多梦想都实现了。 3．根据句子的意思来选择。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 【点拨】　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等，在这种情况下，不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 （正）The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. （误）The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. 护士们正在照顾的这些婴儿都非常健康。 in which without which through which ————即学即练2———— 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①The man I learned the news is an engineer. ②He will never forget the day they once stayed together. ③Nobody knows the reason she didn't attend the meeting. ④The English play my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. ⑤My glasses, I was almost blind, fell to the ground and broke. ⑥The book has opened up a window we can see a wonderful world outside. from whom on which for which whose whom that/which 使用本单元所学限制性定语从句的用法完成下面语篇 There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30­day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3. I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, 4. teacher was Yu Minhong communicated with me face­to­face, from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, when why where As 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will master English sooner or later.” who which which where 用适当的关系词填空 1．（2025·浙江高考1月）According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects as parents, saying less is more. 2．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）The problem：The roads there went through large valleys I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. 3．（2024·浙江高考1月）Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot the track curved （拐弯）. where, where when why when 4．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 5．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）It might be the time you helped a friend with their homework, you did the ironing without being asked, or you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 6．（2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason you show up here. 7．（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says. which when when I.单词语法填空 Ⅱ.句型转换 III.语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 where why where Ⅰ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1．I didn't pass the final test, but this wasn't the reason I left the company. 2．The days are gone Chinese people were looked down upon. 3．I walked into the hall there were many familiar faces smiling at me. 4．The reason the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations. 5．In a society being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes are dying to be slim. why when with when 6．In the countries and regions Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer. 7．David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position which he applied was a perfect match for his skills. 8．This is the library in I spent countless hours studying during my college years. 9．I wanted to find someone whom I could share my travel experiences. 10．I don't know the exact time the sports meeting will take place. where for which Ⅱ.句型转换（每小题2分，共20分） 1．I can still vividly remember the time.I was at a loss facing the task.（用 when引导的定语从句合并句子） → 2．I joined the organization on that day.I will never forget the day.（用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子） → 3．The man is very good at wrestling.I spoke to him on the phone last night.（用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子） → I can still vividly remember the time when I was at a loss facing the task. I will never forget the day on which I joined the organization. The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 4．Harry has entered the contest.There are many twists and turns, making it quite an adventurous competition.（用 where引导的定语从句合并句子） → 5．The pictures often take him back to the years.He worked as a resident doctor in the years.（用when引导的定语从句合并句子） → 6．On his birthday of eleven, he is invited to go to Hogwarts, a magic school.He learns magic there.（用 where引导的定语从句合并句子） → Harry has entered the contest where there are many twists and turns, making it quite an adventurous competition. The pictures often take him back to the years when he worked as a resident doctor. On his birthday of eleven, he is invited to go to Hogwarts, a magic school where he learns magic. 7．I don't know the reason.He didn't come to the meeting yesterday for that reason.（用 why引导的定语从句合并句子） → 8．He is an expert on rice planting.The local people have learnt a lot from him.（用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子） → I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday. He is an expert on rice planting from whom the local people have learnt a lot. 9．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery.I stayed there with my family last year.（用 where引导的定语从句合并） → 10．He has saved another thousand dollars.He could support his family with the money.（用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子） → Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. He has saved another thousand dollars with which he could support his family. Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共17.5分） A （2025·南宁高一检测）There is no shortage of websites when it comes to learning English and you can view the list below to find your perfect match. Duolingo This language learning website provides various activities, such as fill­in­the­blank questions and flashcards.Its fun way to learn makes it extremely popular. Pros： ★Short lessons. ★Interactive （互动的） exercise. Cons： ★It doesn't cover practical English phrases. ★It only features US accents. The British Council The British Council has an online learning programme “Live 25 session” offering free classes.But you must first attend a private class before you can book a “Live 25 session”． Pros： ★Free presentation classes. ★Free level tests. Cons： ★Only a few free materials. ★You have to pay for other classes to unlocked “free” services. Dave's ESL Cafe Since this website's target audience is English teachers, most of the resources are lesson plans.It also has a “Find a teacher” function, but it's mainly for schools. Pros： ★Interactive forums （论坛）. ★Grammar explanations. Cons： ★Expensive to find a teacher. ★Limited free classes. BBC Learning English This site provides you with quality educational materials like video lessons, radio shows, multiple­choice quizzes, and articles that cover various topics. Pros： ★Few free lessons. ★No need to register. Cons： ★Various materials. ★It only focuses on British English. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个在线学习英语的网站及其特点、优点和缺点。 1．What is special about Duolingo's classes? A．Providing radio shows. B．Inviting local British teachers. C．Covering practical English words. D．Learning in an interesting way. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章Duolingo的描述“Its fun way to learn makes it extremely popular.（它有趣的学习方式使其非常受欢迎）”可知，Duolingo的课程特别之处在于学习方式有趣。故选D。 2．What is a must for the “Live 25 session”？ A．Completing a level test. B．Having a private lesson first. C．Giving a self­presentation in English. D．Paying extra charge for the programme. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据The British Council部分“But you must first attend a private class before you can book a ‘Live 25 session’．（但是你必须先参加一个私人课程，然后才能预订‘Live 25 session’）”可知，预约“Live 25 session”的必要条件是首先上私人课。故选B。 3．What do Dave's ESL Cafe and BBC Learning English have in common? A．Both are designed for English teachers. B．There is no need to register. C．Both are short of free resources. D．They both offer interactive forums. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Dave's ESL Cafe部分的“Cons: ★Limited free classes.（缺点：有限的免费课程）”和BBC Learning English部分的“Pros: ★Few free lessons.（优点：少量的免费课程）”可知，Dave's ESL Cafe和BBC Learning English都存在免费资源有限的问题，它们短缺免费资源。故选C。 B （2025·广州高一检测）Have you ever thought that languages will die? It is thought that one language dies every two weeks.Linguists （语言学家） say there are “an extinct language” and “a dead language”．The former is the language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users, while the latter is the one that some people still use, even if there are no native speakers left.Latin is probably the most widely known dead language, which is still studied for academic （学术的） purposes but not used in daily life.There are also endangered languages, which are only spoken by a few elderly people.When they pass away, the language may disappear too. So, why do languages die? There are many reasons, such as evolution where languages change over time, genocide （种族灭绝） where people are killed along with their language, or when a stronger group forces its language on others.Sometimes, people stop using their language just because they mix with a larger group and adopt its language instead. For linguists, the loss of a language is a big deal.When a language dies, often the history, traditions and culture of the people who spoke it die too.This makes our understanding of the world less complete.Therefore, some linguists are working hard to prevent languages from dying, even though it's a challenging task. There's a successful example of a language being revived.The native language of the Isle of Man, called Manx, was once almost extinct.But with the support of the community, Manx is no longer a dead language.And for the endangered languages, there's more hope.The remaining native speakers can help preserve the language before it dies out.Technology helps, too.For example, we can make recordings to digitally preserve dying languages so that when a language does die we still have the ability to keep it frozen in time.And that can make all the difference for future generations who want to learn the language of their ancestors or to dig deeper into their own history. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言学家们正在努力挽救和保护濒危语言。 4．What is “an extinct language”？ A．It is spoken by a few elderly people. B．It is only used for academic purposes. C．It is no longer spoken or used by anyone. D．It is still used but has no native speakers. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Linguists （语言学家） say there are ‘an extinct language’ and ‘a dead language’．The former is the language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users.”可知，“一种灭绝的语言”指的是由于没有说话者或使用者而不再存在的语言，即不再被任何人说或者使用。故选C。 5．Why are some linguists trying to prevent a language from dying? A．Because they want to have a more peaceful world. B．Because they want to keep people who spoke it alive. C．Because losing a language would cost a big deal of money. D．Because a language's disappearance would result in cultural loss. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“For linguists, the loss of a language is a big deal.When a language dies, often the history, traditions and culture of the people who spoke it die too.This makes our understanding of the world less complete.”可知，语言学家努力阻止语言的消亡，是因为一种语言的消失会导致文化损失。故选D。 6．How can technology help preserve endangered languages? A．By keeping endangered languages digitally. B．By teaching the young to dig into their own history. C．By helping remaining native speakers learn their languages. D．By encouraging younger generations to pick up their ancestors' languages. √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“Technology helps, too.For example, we can make recordings to digitally preserve dying languages so that when a language does die we still have the ability to keep it frozen in time.”可知，技术通过数字方式帮助保留濒危语言。故选A。 7．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A technology journal. C．A history magazine. D．A linguistics magazine. √ 解析：选D。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了语言学家们正在努力挽救和保护濒危语言。由此推知，文章可能摘自一本语言学杂志。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·杭州高一检测）Grammar is an aspect （方面） of language about which learners have different opinions.1(　　) Others think it is the most boring part of learning a new language.Whatever opinion you have, however, you cannot avoid grammar.Here is some advice on learning grammar. 2(　　) Notice the aspects of English grammar that are the same as or very similar to those in your language.Notice the way that English expresses an idea differently to how it is done in your language too.If you notice grammar similarities and differences, you will probably learn the rules more quickly. Read a lot of English books.3(　　) It will help you when you express your ideas and when you come to check your work. Pay attention to the most difficult aspects of grammar for you.You can pay special attention to these aspects when writing.4(　　) However, you can sometimes take a little more time to try when speaking and get these aspects of grammar right. Being good at grammar exercises does not mean you will not make mistakes in your own work.You could be like someone who has learned how to play tennis by reading a book, but once he is on the tennis court, he can't hit the ball properly.If you decide to do grammar exercises, try to go beyond just filling in blanks or doing multi­choice answers.5(　　) A．Think about grammar. B．Some learners are very interested in it. C．It is more difficult in speaking, of course. D．You should try to work out rules of the language for yourself. E．They are easy to learn if you say them to yourself many times. F．Write out some sentences that follow the same rule you are practicing. G．When you are reading English books, you are taking in models of correct grammar. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学习语法的一些建议。 1．解析：选B。空格前的句子“Grammar is an aspect （方面） of language about which learners have different opinions.”提到学习者对语法有不同的看法。空格后的句子“Others think it is the most boring part of learning a new language.（另一些人则认为这是学习一门新语言最无聊的部分）”提到一些人认为学习语法是最无聊的部分。空格处的句子应该表示与此相反的情况。所以，B项“一些学习者对此非常感兴趣”符合语境。故选B。 2．解析：选A。空格处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容可知，该部分主要是建议你要思考英语语法中与你的语言中的相同或不同之处。所以，A项“思考语法”可以作为主题句。故选A。 3．解析：选G。根据空格前的句子“Read a lot of English books.”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说多读英语书的好处。所以，G项“当你阅读英语书籍时，你是在学习正确语法的范例”符合语境。故选G。 4．解析：选C。空格前的句子“Pay attention to the most difficult aspects of grammar for you.You can pay special attention to these aspects when writing.”提到在写作时注意语法中最难的部分。而空格后的句子“However, you can sometimes take a little more time to try when speaking and get these aspects of grammar right.”转到了说的时候注意把语法弄对，所以空格处的句子应该是个过渡句，从写的时候注意语法过渡到说的时候注意语法上来。所以，C项“当然，说更困难”符合语境。故选C。 5．解析：选F。空格前的句子“If you decide to do grammar exercises, try to go beyond just filling in blanks or doing multi­choice answers.”提到做语法练习，不要只是填空或做多项选择题。空格处的句子应该接着说还应该练习什么。所以，F项“按照你正在练习的规则写出一些句子”符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·武汉高一检测）Language, 1　　　　　 unique symbol of human civilization, has a deep root that 2　　　　　　 (date) back to ancient times.Every dialect carries its own character 3　　　　　 (specific) and reflects the history, culture and attitudes of its people.Normally 4　　　　　　 (base) on factors like geography, society and trade, these dialects are gradually developing.With the global communication 5　　　　　　 (increase), understanding and appreciating the diversity of languages has become more vital than ever. 6　　　　　　 the great advancements in educational technology, the struggle to expand one's vocabulary remains a challenge for many learners.This challenge does not only refer to learning new words 7　　　　　　 understanding their varieties of uses.Some believe that having advanced vocabulary is the key to effective communication.One of the equal 8　　　　　　 (require) is regularly burying oneself in reading materials.From their point of view, a positive feeling towards vocabulary learning can make a significant difference.It exposes learners to words in various contexts, 9　　　　　 (allow) for a richer understanding.After all, words, 10　　　　　　 are more than just signs, are a reflection of our thoughts and world around us.The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了语言的重要性及方言的意义，说明了词汇学习的挑战性，以及积极学习有助于丰富理解和跨文化交流。 1．解析：a。考查冠词。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．解析：dates。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处为定语从句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时；从句主语为that，指代先行词a deep root，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 3．解析：specifically。考查副词。空处充当状语，用副词形式。故填specifically。 4．解析：based。考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词充当状语；主语these dialects和动词base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填based。 5．解析：increasing。考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词充当宾语补足语；宾语the global communication和动词increase之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填increasing。 6．解析：Despite。考查介词。空处为介词形式，意为“尽管”，用介词despite构成让步关系；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。 7．解析：but。考查固定搭配。固定搭配：not only...but (also)...，意为“不但……而且……”符合句意。故填but。 8．解析：requirements。考查名词的数。固定结构：one of＋名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”，符合句意。故填requirements。 9．解析：allowing。考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词充当状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填allowing。 10．解析：which。考查定语从句。空处为非限性定语从句的关系词；先行词为words，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 $