be动词-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） Chapter1be动词 考频分析 be动词是中考英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 (23题)、完形填空(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性）。 在语境理解类题目中，be动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对be动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·be动词分类应用：am、is、are的基本用法辨析，以及was、were的过去式对应规则； ·时态与语态：一般现在时(amis/are)、一般过去时(was/were)、一般将来时(will be/be going to be)、 现在完成时(have/has been)的结构特征与语境匹配，被动语态中“be+过去分词”的构成与转换； ·句法功能：b动词作为系动词构成“主系表”结构，后接形容词、名词、介词短语等作表语的用法，以 及在there be句型中的应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 ·1.系动词（无实义，后接表语） -常见类型：be动词(amis/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词 (become/get/turn/grow -例句：口She is a teacher..(be动词，后接名词作表语)They were happy yesterday..(be动词，后 接形容词作表语) ·2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） -及物动词（后接宾语）：eat(吃)、visit(参观)→例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday. -不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）：run(跑)、listen(听)→例句：He runs fast..IShe listens to music every evening. ·3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） -常见情态动词：can/could(能力I许可)、may/might(许可/推测)、must/have to(必须)、should (建议) -例句：口You can borrow this book from the library..(表能力)☐He must finish his homework before 9p.m.(表必须) ·4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句） -常见助动词：do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句I否定句)、be(辅助构成进行时/被动语态)、 have/has(辅助构成完成时) -例句：口Is she reading a book?(be辅助构成现在进行时疑问句)口The letter was written by him. (be辅助构成被动语态) 【即学即练】 1.【动词分类】"feel”属于什么类型的动词？ A.系动词 B.实义动词（及物） C.情态动词 D.助动词 2.【助动词用法】辅助构成被动语态的助动词是一（填be/do/have) 3.【情态动词辨析】表示“必须”的情态动词是？ A.can B.must C.may D.should 4.【实义动词分类】"listen”属于什么类型的实义动词？ A.及物动词 B.不及物动词 C.既可及物也可不及物 D.系动词 5.【系动词用法】系动词后接一（填宾语/表语），构成主系表结构。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：be动词的其他核心用法 ·1,系动词功能（连接主语和表语） -口基本结构：主语+be动词+表语（名词/形容词介词短语副词等） -口具体用法及例句 *表身份（名词作表语）：She is a doctor..(她是一名医生。)/They are students.(他们是学生。) *表特征（形容词作表语）：The flowers are beautiful.(这些花很漂亮。)He was angry yesterday. (他昨天很生气。) *表状态（介词短语副词作表语）：My keys are on the desk.(我的钥匙在桌子上。)/The party is over.(派对结束了。) ·2.be动词的缩略形式与否定形式 -口缩略形式（口语非正式语境）： *am→'m:l'm a teacher..(我是一名老师。) *is→'s:He's my brother..(他是我弟弟。)/The cat's black.(这只猫是黑色的。) *are→'re:We're friends.(我们是朋友。)IYou're right..(你是对的。) *否定縮略：isn't(is not)、aren't(are not)、wasn't(was not)、weren't(were not) -口否定形式（直接加not): *现在时：She is not here..(她不在这里。)→She isn't here./They are not late.(他们没有迟到。) →They aren't late. *过去时：He was not happy.(他不高兴。)→He wasn't happy./We were not at home.(我们不在 家。)→Ne weren't at home. ·3.be动词引导的特殊句型 -口There be句型（表示“某地有某物/某人”，be动词根据后面名词单复数变化）： *单数不可数名词：There is a book on the shelf..(书架上有一本书。)There is some water in the glass.(杯子里有一些水。) *复数名词：There are three apples in the basket..(篮子里有三个苹果。) *就近原则：There is a pen and two pencils in the box.(盒子里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。)(be动词 与最近的名词“apen”保持一致，用is) -口be going to表计划/打算（非将来时部分，强调“打算”的固定结构）： *结构：主语+be going to+动词原形，be动词随主语变化：I am going to study abroad..(我打算 出国留学。)She is going to visit her grandparents.(她打算去看望她的祖父母。) 知识点三：be动词的时态用法 ·1.一般现在时 一基础用法（中考必背）： *口am(第一人称单数)，例句：I am a student.. *Dis(第三人称单数)→例句：She is my sister. *口are(第二人称单复数/第一、三人称复数)→例句：You are kind./They are friends. 一常见搭配（中考常考）： *口be+形容词→例句：The flowers are beautiful.. *口be+名词→例句：He is a doctor. *口be+介词短语→例句：The book is on the desk. ·2.一般过去时 一基础用法（中考必背）： *口was(第一三人称单数过去式)→例句：I was at home yesterday.He was late for school.. *口were(第二人称单复数I第一、三人称复数过去式)→例句：You were in the park last Sunday./ We were happy. -时间标志词（中考易错）： *yesterday→例句：She was happy yesterday: *last week→例句：They were in Beijing last week, *☐two years ago→例句：I was a child two years ago. ·3.一般将来时 一基础结构（中考核心）： *口will be→例句：I will be a teacher in the future. *☐be going to be→例旬：She is going to be an artist. 一常见用法（中考拓展）： *☐表计划安排→例句：Ve are going to be late for the meeting. *口表预测→例句：It will be sunny tomorrow *There be句型将来时→例句：There will be a party next Friday. ·4.现在进行时 -基础结构（中考必背）： *am/is/are+动词-ing→例句：I am reading a book now./They are playing footbal. 一时间标志词（中考常考）： *☐now→例句：He is eating lunch now. *☐look!→例句：Look!The bird is flying. *口listen!→例句：Listen！Someone is singing. ·5.被动语态 一基础结构（中考核心）： *am/is/are+过去分词（一般现在时）→例句：The letter is written by her *was/were+过去分词（一般过去时）→例句：The cake was made by my mother. 一常见用法（中考易错）： *口不知道动作执行者例句：The window is broken.. *口强调动作承受者→例句：English is spoken all over the world, 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 考法一：be动词时态与人称匹配 ·核心：根据主语人称和动作发生时间，选择正确的be动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： My mother_a nurse.She works in a big hospital. 一答案：is解析：主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时的is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -They__happy yesterday because they won the game. A.am Bis C was D were -答案：D解析：主语“They”是复数，时间标志词“yesterday'”表示过去，用一般过去时的were。 考法二：be动词的时态与功能辨析 ·核心：结合具体语境判断be动词的时态形式，并区分其作为系动词或助动词的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： Look!The children_(play)basketball on the playground.They_very happy now. 一答案：are playing;are解析：第一空由”Look!”可知动作正在进行，be动词are辅助构成现在进行时； 第二空be动词are作系动词，后接形容词happy表特征。 ·真题2（单项选择）： There_a football match on TV yesterday evening.I _so excited to watch it. A.is;am B.was;was C.were;was D.was;were -答案：B解析：第一空There be句型中，由"yesterday evening'”可知用一般过去时，主语"a football match”为单数，be动词用was;第二空主语为l,一般过去时中be动词用was。 考法三：动词分类与be动词的融合应用 ·核心：综合判断句子所需的动词类型（实义动词/系动词助动词），并结合b动词的时态、语态及句型 结构 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -Look!The flowers in the garden_so beautiful,and they_by my grandfather every morning. A.smell;are watered B.are smelled;water C.smell;water D.are smelled;are watered -答案：A解析：第一空主语"the flowers'”发出”闻起来”的动作，需用感官系动词smell后接形容词；第 二空主语"they”指代花，是动作”浇水”的承受者，需用被动语态(be+watered),根据时间标志”every morning'”确定用一般现在时。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The old temple_(build)hundreds of years ago,but it_still(look)magnificent now.There_(be) many visitors taking photos every day. -答案：was built;looks;is解析：第一空主语"temple”是动作”建造”的承受者，用被动语态，时间标 志"nundreds of years ago”需用一般过去时(was+built);第二空主语"it”需用系动词look后接形容 词，第三人称单数现在时；第三空”There be”句型主语"visitors”为复数，结合”every day”用一般现在 时are(缩略为're)。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 be动词解题妙招 主语人称先看准，单数is复are不混淆； 现在状态用is/am/are,过去was/were要记牢； 进行时态be doing,be随主语及时态变； 被动语态be done,时态体现在be上； 系表结构be+形名，助动be助时态成； 结合语境判时间，人称时态匹配准。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My father_a doctor.He works in a hospital. A.am Bis C are D was 2.They_in Beijing last summer vacation. A.was B were C are Dis 3.Look!The studentsEnglish songs in the classroom. A.sing B sings C are singing D sang 4.There_two apples and a banana on the table this morning. A.is B was C are D were 5.The meeting_over.We can go home now. A.am Bis C are D was 6.-you at school yesterday?-No,1_at home. A.Are;am B Were;was C Was;were DIs;am 7.This story_very interesting.Many children like it. A.sound B sounds C is sounding D sounded 8.A new park_in our city next year. A.will be built B is built C was built D builds 9.The little girl __very sad because she lost her toy. A.be Bis Cwas D were 10.Listen!Someone_at the door.Who_it? A.knock:is B knocks;are C is knocking;is D is knocking;are 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.She_(be)a teacher three years ago,but now she-(be)a writer. 2.My parents(not be)at home last night.They_(be)at my aunt's. 3.There_(be)a football game on TV tomorrow evening. 4.Look!The baby_(cry).Her face(be)red. 5.The flowers_(smell)sweet.My grandma_(water)them every day. 6.I(be)born in 2010.So I(be)15 years old now. 7.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday.He_(be)good at English. 8.-(be)you busy now?-No,I _(not be).I(read)a book. 9.The party_(be)over.Everyone_(be)tired but happy. 10.These books_(be)not mine.They_(be)my sister's. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,1-(go)to the zoo with my friends.The zoo(be)crowded because it_(be)a sunny day. We_(see)many animals.The pandas_(look)cute and they_(eat)bamboo leaves.A lion_(sleep) in its cage when we passed by. In the afternoon,we_(visit)the aquarium.There_(be)many colorful fish.Some children_(take) photos of the dolphins.I-(be)so happy that day! 答案 【即学即练】答案 1.A2.be3.B4.B5.表语 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.D5.B6.B7.B8.A9.C10.C 演练二：填空 1.was;is 2.weren't;were 3.will be/is going to be 4.is crying;is 5.smell;waters 6.was;am 7.was written;is 8.Are;am not;am reading 9.is;is 10.are;are 演练三：语法填空 1.went 2.was 3.was 4.saw 5.looked 6.were eating 7.was sleeping 8.visited 9.were 10.were taking 11.was 初一|英语|外研版