实义动词一般现在时-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） Chapter1实义动词一般现在时 考频分析 实义动词一般现在时是中考英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型： 单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子完整性 与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，实义动词一般现在时的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对实义动词一般现在时的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动词分类应用：实义动词在一般现在时中的核心功能（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实、真理），与 其他动词类型（如系动词、情态动词）在语境中的区分； ·时态与语态：实义动词一般现在时的基本结构（主语为第三人称单数时动词加-s/-s,其他人称用原 形)，与一般过去时、一般将来时在时间状语和语境提示下的辨析，主动语态的日常表达及与被动语态 (am/is/are+过去分词)的转换； ·非谓语动词：实义动词一般现在时原形在固定搭配（如情态动词后、使役动词let/make后等）中的使用， 与todo、doing形式在句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语等）上的差异。 精讲精练 知识点一：实义动词一般现在时的构成及用法 ·基本构成 -主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词)：动词后加-sl-es(如work-works, watch-watches,go-→goes,do→does) -主语为第一、二人称(I/you/we/they)及复数名词：动词用原形 -例句：She works in a hospital..(第三人称单数，动词加-s)口They play football every Sunday.(复 数主语，动词用原形) ·否定句与疑问句 -否定句：借助助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形（第三人称单数用doesn't,其余用dont) *例句：口ldon't like coffee.(第-人称，用don't)He doesn't live here.(第三人称单数，用doesn't) 一疑问句：助动词Do/Does+主语+动词原形（第三人称单数用Does,其余用Do) *例句：口Do you speak French?(第二人称，用Do提问)Does the train arrive on time?(第三 人称单数，用Does提问) ·用法 一表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 *例句：She usually gets up at6:30a.m.(习惯性动作)/The earth goes around the sun.(客观真 理，属于经常性状态) 一表示客观事实、真理或普遍现象 *例句：ater boils at1o0口.（客观事实）English is widely used in the world.(普遍现象) 一表示按计划、规定或时间表将要发生的动作（常用于火车、飞机等时刻表） *例句：The plane takes off at8:O0 tomorrow morning.(时刻表规定的动作) 【即学即练】 1.【基本构成】主语为第三人称单数时，动词需加-s/es,下列选项中变形正确的是？ A.go-→gos B.watch-watchs C.dodoes D.play->playes 2.【否定句】请将句子"He lives in Beijing.”改为否定句：He_live in Beijing. 3.【疑问句】请将句子"They play basketball every day..”改为一般疑问句：_they play basketball every day? 4.【用法辨析】"The sun rises in the east.”使用一般现在时的原因是？ A.表示习惯性动作 B.表示客观真理 C.表示按计划发生的动作 D.表示正在进行的动作 5.【时态应用】表示火车、飞机时刻表的动作，常用时（填“一般现在”或“一般将来”）。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：实义动词一般现在时的用法与考点 ·基本用法（核心场景） 1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 一例句： -口My father drinks coffee every morning.(每天早上喝咖啡，习惯性动作) -口She usually walks to school..(通常步行上学，经常性动作) 2.表示客观真理、科学事实或普遍规律（无时间限制） 一例句： -口The sun rises in the east and sets in the west..(太阳东升西落，客观真理) -口ater boils at100口at sea level.(海平面水沸点100度，科学事实) 3.表示主语的特征、能力或性格（静态描述） -例句： -口He speaks three languages fluently..(会说三种语言，能力) -口This cloth feels soft.(布料摸起来软，特征) ·第三人称单数变化规侧（易错点） 1.一般动词直接加-s -例：work→works,play→plays,like→likes 2.以s,×,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加-es -例：pass→passes,fix→fixes,.wash-→washes,teach-→teaches,.go→goes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es -例：study-→studies,carry->carries,worry--worries 4.特殊变化：have-has ·否定句与疑问句（语法结构） 1.否定句 -结构：主语+dont/doesn't+动词原形（主语三单用doesni't,其余用don't) 一例句： -口ldon't like spicy food.(非三单主语，don't+原形Iike) -口She doesn't watch TV on weekdays..(三单主语，doesn't+原形watch) 2.一般疑问句 -结构：Do/Does+主语+动词原形？（主语三单用Does,其余用Do) 一例句： -☐Do they often exercise after school?(非三单主语，Do+原形exercise) -口Does your brother play the piano?(三单主语，Does+原形play) 3.特殊疑问句 -结构：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形？ 一例句： -☐How often do you visit your grandparents?(疑问问How often+do+原形visit) -☐What time does the train leave??(疑问词hat time+does+原形leave) ·常见误区与对比（易混点） 1.与现在进行时的区别（表习惯Vs表正在进行） -误：He is eats breakfast now.(现在进行时不能与三单动词连用) -正：He is eating breakfast now.(此刻正在吃，用现在进行时) -正：He eats breakfast at7a.m.every day.(每天7点吃，用一般现在时) 2.客观真理不受时间状语限制（永用一般现在时） -误：Galileo proved that the earth revolved around the sun.(revolved错误) -正：Galileo proved that the earth revolves around the sun.(客观真理用revolves) 知识点三：实义动词一般现在时的第三人称单数变化规则 ·直接加-s(规则变化)） 一基础动词拓展（中考高频）： *☐work→works(工作)→例句：He works in a hospital *☐play→plays(玩)→例句：She plays the violin every evening. *口like,likes(喜欢)→例句：My brother likes eating ice cream. *☐help→helps(帮助)→例句：She often helps her classmates with homework. *口live→lives(居住)→例句：The Smith family lives in London. *口study→studies(学习)→例句：He studies English very hard. *口teach→teaches(教)→例句：Miss Wang teaches us math, *口go→goes(去)→例句：My father goes to work by bus *口watch→watches(观看)→例句：She watches TV every night. *☐wash→washes(洗)→例▣：My mother washes clothes on weekends ·以-s,x,-ch,sh结尾加-es(规则变化) 一中考必背动词： *口pass→passes(传递)→例句：He passes the ball to his teammate, *口fix→fixes(修理)例句：My uncle fixes cars in a garage. *☐teach→teaches(数)→例句：Mr.Li teaches history at our school.. *口brush→brushes(刷)→例句：She brushes her teeth twice a day. *☐watch→watches(观看)→例句：Tom watches cartoons on Saturday. ·以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i加-es(规则变化) -核心动词例举： *study→studies(学习)→例句：She studies hard for the exam. *口carry→carries(携带)→例句：He carries a heavy bag to school.. *☐worry→worries(担心)→例句：My mother worries about my health. *Ofy→flies(飞)→例句：The bird flies in the sky. *Ocry→cries(哭)→例句：The baby cries when he is hungry. ·不规则变化（中考核心） 一特殊动词记忆： *口have→has(有)→例句：She has a new bike. *☐do→does(做))例句：He does his homework every day, *口go→goes(去)→例句：She goes shopping on Sundays, *口be→is(是)→例句：He is a student 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 老法一：第三人称单数动词形式填空 ·核心：根据主语人称和数，判断动词是否为第三人称单数形式，并按规则变形 ·真题1（语法填空）： -She usually_(watch)TV after dinner. -答案：watches解析：主语”she”是第三人称单数，watch以”ch”结尾，根据规则加-es,故填watches。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -My mother often _to the supermarket on Sundays. A.go B.goes C.going D.went -答案：B解析：主语"my mother'”是第三人称单数，go的第三人称单数形式为goes,故选B。 考法二：第三人称单数动词形式填空 ·核心：根据主语人称和数，结合动词第三人称单数变化规则，填写正确的动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She often_(watch)TV with her family in the evening -答案：watches解析：主语she为第三人称单数，watch以ch结尾，第三人称单数形式加-es,故填 watches ·真题2（单项选择）： My mother usually _clothes on weekends. A.wash B.washes C.washs D.washed -答案：B解析：主语my mother为第三人称单数，wash以sh结尾，第三人称单数形式加-es,正确 形式为washes,故选B。 考法三：一般现在时的构成、用法及第三人称单数变化 ·核心：根据主语人称和数量判断动词形式，掌握否定句、疑问句结构及习惯性客观性用法 ·真题1（单项选择）： My sister_to music every evening after dinner. A.listen B.listens C.is listening D.listened -答案：B解析：主语"My sister'”是第三人称单数，且时间状语”every evening”表示习惯性动作，需用 一般现在时三单形式。listen以清辅音结尾，直接加-s。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The sun_(rise)in the east and_(set)in the west. -答案：rises;sets解析：主语”The sun”为第三人称单数，表述客观真理用一般现在时。rise/set均为 一般动词，直接加-$。注意并列结构需保持时态一致。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 三单变化妙招 主语三单看分明，he she it不可轻； 名词单数作主语，三单形式要谨记； 一般动词直接加s,s/x/sh/ch结尾加es; 辅音加y改ies,be动词is跟着行； 客观真理习惯性，一般现在常用起； 否定疑问别忘记，助动does来帮你。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My father usually_newspapers after breakfast A.read B.reads C.is reading D.readed 2.The earth _around the sun A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 3.-your brother often play basketball after school A.Do B.Does C.Is D.Are 4.She _like swimming.She prefers running A.don't B.doesn't C.isn't D.aren't 5.How often__you visit your grandparents A.do B.does C.is D.are 6.My mother_dinner in the kitchen now A.cook B.cooks C.is cooking D.cooked 7.Water _at 1000 A.boil B.boils C.boiled D.is boiling 8.He_three languages fluently A.speak B.speaks C.spoke D.is speaking 9.The train_at 8:00 tomorrow morning A.leave B.leaves C.left D.will leave 10.your parents live in Beijing A.Do B.Does C.Is D.Are 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She usually_(watch)TV after dinner 2.He_(study)very hard for the exam 3.My mother_(wash)clothes every weekend 4.The sun_(rise)in the east 5.They often_(play)football in the park 6.She(not like)spicy food 7.-he_(go)to school by bus every day 8.We_(have)English class every Monday 9.The earth _(go)around the sun 10.My father_(drink)coffee every morning 演练三：语法填空（共7空） Tom is a good student.He_(get)up early every morning.He_(brush)his teeth and-(wash)his face before breakfast.Then he_(eat)breakfast with his parents.He_(go)to school by bike.He_(study) hard at school.He_(like)English very much.He often-(help)his classmates with their lessons.After school,he_(play)basketball with his friends.In the evening,he_(do)his homework and then_(watch) TV for a while.He_(go)to bed at 9:30 p.m.He_(be)a good boy.His parents_(be)very proud of him. He_(want)to be a teacher when he grows up.He_(believe)he can achieve his dream. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.watches 2.studies 3.washes 4.rises 5.play 6.doesn't like 7.Does;go 8.have 9.goes 10.drinks 演练三：语法填空 1.gets 2.brushes 3.washes 4.eats 5.goes 6.studies 7.likes 8.helps 9.plays 10.does 11.watches 12.goes 13.is 14.are 15.wants 16.believes 初一|英语|外研版